The Election of ‘32 -FDR and the 1st New Deal

The Election of The Election of ‘32 -FDR and ‘32 -FDR and the 1st New the 1st New

DealDealRelief, Recovery Relief, Recovery and Reformand Reform

Election Of Election Of 19321932

FDR (D) vs. FDR (D) vs. Hoover (R)Hoover (R)

Essential Questions:Essential Questions:What did FDR mean What did FDR mean when he offered a when he offered a “New Deal’?“New Deal’?

Why was the election Why was the election of 1932 a turning of 1932 a turning point in American point in American politics?politics?

FDR FactsFDR FactsBorn in 1882Born in 1882Went to HarvardWent to HarvardLawyerLawyerNY State SenateNY State SenateAssistant Sec. of the Assistant Sec. of the Navy during WWINavy during WWI

FDR Facts IIFDR Facts IIMarried Eleanor Married Eleanor RooseveltRoosevelt

Ran for VP in 1920Ran for VP in 1920Contracted polio in 1921Contracted polio in 1921Governor of NY 1929-Governor of NY 1929-19321932

Willing to experiment Willing to experiment with government roleswith government roles

Eleanor RooseveltEleanor RooseveltNiece of TRNiece of TRMarried FDR in 1905, 6 Married FDR in 1905, 6 childrenchildren

Social WorkerSocial WorkerFought for public Fought for public housing, gov. reform, housing, gov. reform, birth control, and better birth control, and better conditions for womenconditions for women

Election of Election of 19321932

**HooverHoover-Minimal Gov. Action-Minimal Gov. Action

-Strict view of Gov.-Strict view of Gov.

-Less Gov. the better-Less Gov. the better

Election of 1932Election of 1932FDRFDR-Willing to experiment -Willing to experiment with the role of Gov.with the role of Gov.

-Supported -Supported broadening the role broadening the role of Gov.of Gov.

FDRFDR““Can do” attitudeCan do” attitudeConfident and Confident and FriendlyFriendlyCompassionateCompassionateInaugural Address 1933Inaugural Address 1933“ …“ …the only thing we the only thing we have to fear is fear have to fear is fear itself.”itself.”

Advisors to FDRAdvisors to FDR““The Brain Trust”The Brain Trust”

Raymond Moley Raymond Moley (Columbia)(Columbia)

Rexford Tugwell Rexford Tugwell (Columbia)(Columbia)

Felix Frankfurter Felix Frankfurter (Harvard)(Harvard)

FDR’s CabinetFDR’s CabinetSec. of the Interior – Sec. of the Interior – Harold L. IckesHarold L. Ickes

Sec. of Agriculture – Sec. of Agriculture – Henry A. WallaceHenry A. Wallace

Sec. of the Treasury – Sec. of the Treasury – Henry MorgenthauHenry Morgenthau

Sec. of Labor- F. PerkinsSec. of Labor- F. Perkins

Essential Questions:Essential Questions:What initial steps did What initial steps did FDR take to reform FDR take to reform banking and finance?banking and finance?

What were some New What were some New Deal Programs?Deal Programs?

Who were the critics of Who were the critics of FDR’s New Deal?FDR’s New Deal?

The Hundred DaysThe Hundred Days3/9/33 to 6/16/333/9/33 to 6/16/33Congress passed more Congress passed more than than 15 pieces of 15 pieces of legislationlegislation

Significantly expanded Significantly expanded the role of the Federal the role of the Federal Gov. in the economyGov. in the economy..

Banking ReformBanking ReformMarch 5March 5thth all banks closed all banks closed by FDRby FDR

Emergency Banking ActEmergency Banking Act – – Healthy banks to reopen, Healthy banks to reopen, management of failed management of failed banks.banks.

Increased Gov. regulatory Increased Gov. regulatory power over money and power over money and bankingbanking

Banking Reform Banking Reform Part IIPart IIFirst “Fireside Chat” First “Fireside Chat”

March 1933March 1933Glass-Steagall ActGlass-Steagall Act 1933- 1933- Established the FDICEstablished the FDIC

Federal Securities ActFederal Securities Act 1933-1933-

Established the SEC to Established the SEC to regulate the stock marketregulate the stock market

Prohibition Prohibition RepealedRepealedFDR pushed Congress to FDR pushed Congress to

allow the sale and allow the sale and manufacture of beer and manufacture of beer and wine.wine.

Effort to raise gov. Effort to raise gov. revenues through taxesrevenues through taxes

2121stst Amend Amend. (End of . (End of 1933)1933)

Rural AssistanceRural AssistanceThe The Agricultural Adjustment Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAAAct (AAA)- Gov. paid farmers )- Gov. paid farmers to limit production.to limit production.

$200 million to plow under $200 million to plow under 10 million acres.10 million acres.

6 million pigs slaughtered.6 million pigs slaughtered.$ for farmers and prices $ for farmers and prices raised farm pricesraised farm prices

Work ProjectsWork ProjectsCCCCCC – Civilian Conservation – Civilian Conservation Corp – “Tree Army”Corp – “Tree Army”

Employed 3 million menEmployed 3 million menPaid $25 - $30 a monthPaid $25 - $30 a monthMen lived in work campsMen lived in work campsPlanted 200 million trees, Planted 200 million trees, 800 state parks, and 800 state parks, and 46,000 bridges46,000 bridges

More Work ProjectsMore Work Projects* Provided money to * Provided money to states to create jobs states to create jobs in construction of in construction of schools and schools and community buildings.community buildings.

Created the Created the (PWA(PWA) ) Part of (FERA)Part of (FERA)

Work Projects IIIWork Projects IIICivilian Works Civilian Works AdministrationAdministration (CWA) (CWA) established in Nov. established in Nov. 19331933

4 million jobs4 million jobsBuilt 40,000 schoolsBuilt 40,000 schools500,000 miles of road500,000 miles of road

Tennessee Valley Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)Authority (TVA)

1933 – Federal Agency 1933 – Federal Agency to construct dams and to construct dams and power plants along the power plants along the TN river.TN river.

*Electricity, Flood *Electricity, Flood Control, RecreationControl, Recreation

Recovery in BusinessRecovery in BusinessNIRA wanted to promote NIRA wanted to promote industrial growthindustrial growth

NIRA established codes NIRA established codes of fair practice for of fair practice for employers, employees, employers, employees, and consumers.and consumers.

Nat. Recovery Adm. Nat. Recovery Adm. (NRA)(NRA)

National Recovery National Recovery Administration Administration

(NIRA)(NIRA)Set Set Prices and Prices and established standardsestablished standards

Codes Codes limited productionlimited productionWorkers could Workers could unionize unionize and bargain collectivelyand bargain collectively

NIRA/NRA NIRA/NRA Unconstitutional!!Unconstitutional!!In 1935 the Supreme In 1935 the Supreme

Court ruled the NIRA Court ruled the NIRA UnconstitutionalUnconstitutional

They claimed it gave the They claimed it gave the Pres. too much powerPres. too much power

Fed. Gov. was involved Fed. Gov. was involved in state commercein state commerce

Recovery In HousingRecovery In HousingHome Owners Loan Home Owners Loan Corporation (HOLCCorporation (HOLC)- )- Provided gov. loans to Provided gov. loans to those facing forclosure.those facing forclosure.

National Housing Act 1934National Housing Act 1934 – created the Federal – created the Federal Housing Administration to Housing Administration to give loans for mortgages give loans for mortgages and repairs.and repairs.

Providing ReliefProviding ReliefFederal Emergency Federal Emergency Relief Adm. (FERA)Relief Adm. (FERA) was funded with $500 was funded with $500 million for direct million for direct relief.relief.

Half given to the Half given to the states for food and states for food and clothingclothing

Providing Relief II- Providing Relief II- FERAFERA

Helped unemployed, Helped unemployed, aging, and the ill.aging, and the ill.

$ was given to states $ was given to states to support work relief to support work relief programs. (CWA/PWA)programs. (CWA/PWA)

Left Turn and Left Turn and the Second the Second New Deal-New Deal-

FDR’s CriticsFDR’s Critics

Deficit SpendingDeficit SpendingMore $ was spent on the More $ was spent on the New Deal than the gov. New Deal than the gov. received in revenuereceived in revenue

National Debt increasedNational Debt increased, , no balanced budgetsno balanced budgets

FDR – “necessary evil” FDR – “necessary evil” during crisisduring crisis

John Maynard John Maynard KeynesKeynesBritish economistBritish economist

Gov. should spend to Gov. should spend to provide $ for consumersprovide $ for consumers

Deficit Spending is Deficit Spending is necessary to stimulate necessary to stimulate the economy.the economy.

““Priming the Pump”Priming the Pump”

Liberal CriticsLiberal CriticsCriticism of The New Criticism of The New Deal from the political Deal from the political leftleft

Socialist and CommunistSocialist and CommunistThe New Deal The New Deal did not go did not go far enough to help the far enough to help the poor and reform the poor and reform the econ. systemecon. system

Conservative CriticsConservative CriticsToo much time on Too much time on direct reliefdirect relief

FDR FDR socialized the socialized the economy…big goveconomy…big gov..

AAA + NIRA gave gov. AAA + NIRA gave gov. too much controltoo much control

interfered with free-interfered with free-marketmarket

Supreme Court ReactsSupreme Court Reacts

Unconstitutional!!Unconstitutional!!1935 1935 NIRA NIRA UnconstitutionalUnconstitutional!!!!!!

Gave FDR lawmaking Gave FDR lawmaking powerpower

1936 1936 AAA AAA UnconstitutionalUnconstitutional

Agriculture is a local Agriculture is a local matter to be regulated by matter to be regulated by the statesthe states

Three CriticsThree CriticsFather Charles Father Charles CoughlinCoughlin

Dr. Francis Dr. Francis TownsendTownsend

Huey LongHuey Long

Two DemagoguesTwo DemagoguesDemagoguesDemagogues - Leaders - Leaders who manipulate people who manipulate people with half- truths, with half- truths, deceptive promises, deceptive promises, and scare tacticsand scare tactics..

Father Charles Father Charles CoughlinCoughlinRoman Catholic Roman Catholic PriestPriest

Radio ShowRadio Show that that combined political, combined political, economic, and religious economic, and religious ideasideas

Audience 40-45 millionAudience 40-45 millionInitial Supporter of FDRInitial Supporter of FDR

Father Charles Father Charles Coughlin IICoughlin II

Wanted a Wanted a guaranteed annual guaranteed annual income and income and nationalization of nationalization of banksbanks

Anti- SemiticAnti- Semitic

Dr. Francis TownsendDr. Francis TownsendPhysicianPhysician and Health and Health Officer,Long Beach. CAOfficer,Long Beach. CA

FDR did not help the FDR did not help the poor and elderlypoor and elderly

Monthly pension Monthly pension benefits to the aged - benefits to the aged - $200 over 60$200 over 60

Huey Long “King Fish”Huey Long “King Fish”Senator from LouisianaSenator from LouisianaEarly supporter of the Early supporter of the New DealNew Deal

Presidential AmbitionsPresidential Ambitions““Every Man a King!”Every Man a King!”Share our WealthShare our Wealth Plan - Plan - SOW 27,000 clubs, 7.5 SOW 27,000 clubs, 7.5 million million

Assassinated in 1935Assassinated in 1935

FDR Looks AheadFDR Looks AheadHe realized more He realized more needed to be done to needed to be done to help the people and help the people and solve the economic solve the economic problemsproblems

The The Second New DealSecond New Deal or or Second Hundred DaysSecond Hundred Days

The Second New DealThe Second New Deal What was the purpose of the What was the purpose of the

Second New Deal?Second New Deal? What were the New Deal What were the New Deal

programs for farmers?programs for farmers? What Second New Deal What Second New Deal

Programs helped young people Programs helped young people and artistic professionals?and artistic professionals?

What economic and labor What economic and labor reforms that were carried out reforms that were carried out under the Second New Deal?under the Second New Deal?

Second New DealSecond New DealMore Help for FarmersMore Help for FarmersFirst AAA was ruled First AAA was ruled Unconstitutional due Unconstitutional due to a processing taxto a processing tax

Second AAA again paid Second AAA again paid farmers subsidies not farmers subsidies not to grow surplus cropsto grow surplus crops

Farm Security Farm Security Admin.Admin.FSA loaned more than $1 FSA loaned more than $1

billion to small farmers to billion to small farmers to purchase landpurchase land..

Camps for migrant farmersCamps for migrant farmersHelp for share-croppersHelp for share-croppersHired PhotographersHired Photographers to to capture rural lifecapture rural life

Ex. Ex. Dorothea LangeDorothea Lange

FDR extends ReliefFDR extends Relief Works Progress Adm. Works Progress Adm. (WPA) 1935-1943(WPA) 1935-1943

Spend $11 billion to give Spend $11 billion to give jobs to 8 million workers.jobs to 8 million workers.

Constructed 651,000 miles Constructed 651,000 miles of streetsof streets

Constructed more than Constructed more than 125,000 public buildings125,000 public buildings

Women 300 mil garmentsWomen 300 mil garments

WPA ActivitiesWPA ActivitiesWrote Guides to citiesWrote Guides to citiesCollected Historical Slave Collected Historical Slave NarrativesNarratives

Painted Murals on WallsPainted Murals on WallsFederal Theater Project FTPFederal Theater Project FTPNational Youth National Youth Administration Administration ( NYA)16-25( NYA)16-25

Education, Jobs, & AdviceEducation, Jobs, & Advice

Improving LaborImproving Labor1935 Supreme Court 1935 Supreme Court declared the NIRA declared the NIRA unconstitutional unconstitutional

Workers had been Workers had been granted the right to granted the right to organize in unions and organize in unions and bargain collectivelybargain collectively

Workers wanted new Workers wanted new lawslaws

The Wagner ActThe Wagner ActLegalized collective Legalized collective bargaining and closed bargaining and closed shopsshops

No threats, blacklisting, or No threats, blacklisting, or spying on unionsspying on unions

National Labor Relations National Labor Relations Board (NLRB)Board (NLRB)

NLRB – Enforces NLRB – Enforces provisionsprovisions

Fair Labor Standards Fair Labor Standards ActActMax. Hrs. per week 44Max. Hrs. per week 44

Min. wage at $.25 per Min. wage at $.25 per hourhour

Set rules for workers Set rules for workers under 16under 16

Banned hazardous Banned hazardous work for those under work for those under 18.18.

Social Security Act of Social Security Act of 19351935Old Age pensions and Old Age pensions and

survivors benefits 65 and survivors benefits 65 and older.older.

Unemployment Insurance Unemployment Insurance – Tax on employers paid – Tax on employers paid $15-$18 per week$15-$18 per week

Aid for dependent Aid for dependent children who were children who were disabled disabled

Unions TriumphUnions Triumph Membership rose from 3 mil Membership rose from 3 mil in 1933 to 10.5 million by in 1933 to 10.5 million by 19411941

By 1945, 36% of workers By 1945, 36% of workers were Unionized.were Unionized.

John L. LewisJohn L. Lewis the United Mine the United Mine Workers Pres. Joined with Workers Pres. Joined with other Union Rep of the AFL to other Union Rep of the AFL to create the Committee of create the Committee of Industrial Org. (CIO)Industrial Org. (CIO)

Unions Triumph IIUnions Triumph IIThe CIO sent reps into steel The CIO sent reps into steel mills, coal mines, auto mills, coal mines, auto plants, and southern mills plants, and southern mills to recruit workersto recruit workers

(The AFL suspended the CIO)(The AFL suspended the CIO)

Nov. 1938 both formed a Nov. 1938 both formed a coalition and became the coalition and became the Congress of Industrial Org. Congress of Industrial Org. (CIO) with Lewis as Pres.(CIO) with Lewis as Pres.

Era of StrikesEra of Strikes Companies didn’t accept Companies didn’t accept Union’s demandsUnion’s demands

Workers used Sit-down Workers used Sit-down StrikesStrikes

Workers refused to leave the Workers refused to leave the buildingbuilding

1936 Rubber Plant in Akron1936 Rubber Plant in Akron 1936 General Motors Flint, 1936 General Motors Flint, Mich. (UAW) 2 mo. GM gave Mich. (UAW) 2 mo. GM gave inin

Unsuccessful StrikesUnsuccessful Strikes 1937 Ford Motor Co. , 1937 Ford Motor Co. , DetroitDetroit

UAW officials beaten by UAW officials beaten by Henry’s Ford’s men while Henry’s Ford’s men while trying to recruit by passing trying to recruit by passing out pamphletsout pamphlets

Other strikes became violentOther strikes became violent 1939 the Supreme Court 1939 the Supreme Court outlawed sit-down strikes. outlawed sit-down strikes. (too potent and obstructed (too potent and obstructed negotiation)negotiation)

New Deal Coalition New Deal Coalition FDR vs. Alfred Landon (R) Election FDR vs. Alfred Landon (R) Election

of ‘36of ‘36 FDR won in a landslideFDR won in a landslide UnionsUnions Industrial Workers Skilled/UnskilledIndustrial Workers Skilled/Unskilled Recent ImmigrantsRecent Immigrants Roman CatholicsRoman Catholics JewsJews Northern African- AmericansNorthern African- Americans FarmersFarmers

The New Deal and the The New Deal and the WestWest

Regulating UtilitiesRegulating UtilitiesRural Electrification Adm. Rural Electrification Adm.

(REA)(REA)

Offered loans to Offered loans to Cooperatives and Farms to Cooperatives and Farms to build plants and power lines build plants and power lines to rural areasto rural areas

Public Utility Holding Act -No Public Utility Holding Act -No Holding Co. Ownership of Holding Co. Ownership of utilitiesutilities

Depression in Rural Depression in Rural AreasAreas

Falling Crop pricesFalling Crop pricesRising debtRising debt400,000 farm 400,000 farm foreclosuresforeclosures

Had to tenant farmHad to tenant farm

The Dust BowlThe Dust BowlOverproductionOverproduction of land of landUnsuitable for farmingUnsuitable for farmingDroughtsDroughtsWindstormsWindstormsKS,CO,TX,NM,OKKS,CO,TX,NM,OK

Farmer ExodusFarmer ExodusFarmers and Families Farmers and Families pack –uppack –up

Head West on Route Head West on Route 6666

CaliforniaCalifornia““Okies”Okies”The Grapes of WrathThe Grapes of Wrath

Mexican- Americans and Mexican- Americans and the New Dealthe New Deal

Worked in the Southwest as Worked in the Southwest as farm workers since the 1920s’farm workers since the 1920s’

Discriminated against by the Discriminated against by the CCCCCC and and WPAWPA because they because they had no permanent addresshad no permanent address

Farm workers tried to Farm workers tried to unionizeunionize

BoulderBoulder Dam Project Dam Project IIApproved in 1928Approved in 1928

Construction began in Construction began in 1930 and ended in 1936.1930 and ended in 1936.

Boulder City , NV Housed Boulder City , NV Housed the workers.the workers.

Hoover financed the Hoover financed the construction by using construction by using future profits of electricityfuture profits of electricity

Boulder Dam ProjectBoulder Dam Project$700 million dollar public $700 million dollar public works projectworks project

726ft. High and 1,244 ft. 726ft. High and 1,244 ft. longlong

Provided electricity and Provided electricity and flood control. (CO river flood control. (CO river basin)basin)

Provided thousands of jobsProvided thousands of jobsWater source for LA and LVWater source for LA and LV

Native- Americans in the Native- Americans in the 1930’s1930’s In 1933, FDR appointed In 1933, FDR appointed John CollierJohn Collier

as commissioner of Indian affairsas commissioner of Indian affairs Indian Reorganization Act of 1934Indian Reorganization Act of 1934

EconomicEconomic- Native American land - Native American land was held by the entire tribewas held by the entire tribe

CulturalCultural- Boarding school were - Boarding school were reduced and children could reduced and children could attend school on the reservationattend school on the reservation

PoliticalPolitical- Tribes could elect - Tribes could elect tribal councils to govern the tribal councils to govern the reservationsreservations

John CollierJohn Collier

Culture in the Culture in the 1930’s1930’s

Depression Era Depression Era Culture Essential Culture Essential

Questions:Questions:1.) What entertainment 1.) What entertainment did radio and movies did radio and movies provide?provide?

2.) Who were some 2.) Who were some writers and artists of the writers and artists of the New Deal era?New Deal era?

Golden Age of Golden Age of Movies and RadioMovies and Radio

65% of people attended 65% of people attended movies once a wkmovies once a wk..

15,000 movie theaters15,000 movie theatersRadios- 13 million in Radios- 13 million in 1930 to 28 million by 1930 to 28 million by 19401940

Movie Stars of the Movie Stars of the 30’s30’s

Clark GableClark GableMarlene DietrichMarlene DietrichJames CagneyJames CagneyMarx BrothersMarx Brothers

Clark GableClark Gable

Marlene DietrichMarlene Dietrich

James CagneyJames Cagney

Popular Flicks of the Popular Flicks of the 30’s30’sGone with the WindGone with the Wind – 1939 – 1939

Flying Down to Rio – 1933Flying Down to Rio – 1933The Wizard of OzThe Wizard of Oz – 1939 – 1939Snow White and the Seven Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs – 1937Dwarfs – 1937

Little Caesar – 1930Little Caesar – 1930The Public Enemy - 1931The Public Enemy - 1931

GGone with the Windone with the Wind

Fred and GingerFred and Ginger

Follow the yellow brick road Follow the yellow brick road

Snow White finds the dwarfs hoSnow White finds the dwarfs house / The Silly Songuse / The Silly Song

Popular Popular ComediesComedies

Monkey Business – Monkey Business – 19311931

Duck Soup - 1931Duck Soup - 1931Modern Times - 1936Modern Times - 1936

Popular Movie Popular Movie ComediansComedians

Laurel and HardyLaurel and HardyAbbott and CastelloAbbott and CastelloThe Three StoogesThe Three Stooges

Who's on first? Who's on first?Abbott and CostelloAbbott and Costello

Three Stooges Three Stooges

Positive New Deal Positive New Deal MoviesMovies

Good wins over EvilGood wins over EvilMr. Smith Goes to Mr. Smith Goes to Washington - 1939Washington - 1939

Mr. Deeds Goes to Mr. Deeds Goes to Town - 1936Town - 1936

Both Directed by Both Directed by Frank CapraFrank Capra

Radio EntertainsRadio EntertainsOrson WellsOrson WellsBob HopeBob HopeJack BennyJack BennyGeorge BurnsGeorge BurnsGracie AllenGracie Allen

Bob Hope and Judy Bob Hope and Judy GarlandGarland

Jack Benny CastJack Benny Cast

George and George and GracieGracie

Tragedy on RadioTragedy on RadioCrash of the Crash of the HindenburgHindenburg

A German ZeppelinA German ZeppelinNJ, May 6NJ, May 6thth, 1937, 1937““Oh the Oh the Humanity!!!”Humanity!!!”

The Arts in The Arts in Depression AmericaDepression America

Federal Art Project was part Federal Art Project was part of the WPAof the WPA

Artists were paid to promote Artists were paid to promote positive images of American positive images of American life (100,000 paintings)life (100,000 paintings)

Murals, posters, and art Murals, posters, and art education flourishededucation flourished

Mexican Muralist – Diego Mexican Muralist – Diego Rivera inspired these artistsRivera inspired these artists

New Deal MuralNew Deal Mural

AmericanAmerican Painters Painters

Edward HopperEdward HopperThomas Hart Thomas Hart BentonBenton

Grant WoodGrant Wood

HopperHopper

BentonBenton

Grant WoodGrant Wood

American GothicAmerican Gothic

Depression SingersDepression SingersWoody GuthrieWoody GuthrieUsed music to capture Used music to capture the hardship of the hardship of AmericaAmerica

Fled the Dust BowlFled the Dust BowlFederal Music Project – Federal Music Project – Preserved Folk musicPreserved Folk music

Federal Writers Federal Writers ProjectProjectPaid more than 6,000 Paid more than 6,000

writers writers Richard Wright – Native Richard Wright – Native Son ( 1940)Son ( 1940)

Zora Neale HurstonZora Neale Hurston – – Their Eyes Are Watching Their Eyes Are Watching God ( 1937)God ( 1937)

Steinbeck’s The Grapes Steinbeck’s The Grapes of Wrath ( 1939)of Wrath ( 1939)

Federal Theater Federal Theater ProjectProject

Playwrights/Actors and Playwrights/Actors and DirectorsDirectors

Launched careers of:Launched careers of:Burt LancasterBurt LancasterArthur MillerArthur Miller John HousemanJohn HousemanOrsen wellsOrsen wells

The New Deal –The Limits of The New Deal –The Limits of ReformReform

What was the impact of the New What was the impact of the New Deal on Women?Deal on Women?

What was FDR’s attitude toward What was FDR’s attitude toward African Americans?African Americans?

What groups formed the New What groups formed the New Deal Coalition?Deal Coalition?

Who were the supporters of Who were the supporters of FDR’s New Deal?FDR’s New Deal?

FDR Court Packing FDR Court Packing SchemeScheme

1937 “Court Packing 1937 “Court Packing Bill”Bill”

6 additional Justices6 additional JusticesFDR faced a storm of FDR faced a storm of protestsprotests

Due to retirement FDR Due to retirement FDR eventually got his way.eventually got his way.

New Deal for WomenNew Deal for Women Frances PerkinsFrances Perkins became Sec. became Sec.

of Laborof Labor Two female diplomatsTwo female diplomats Two female judgesTwo female judges New Deal had mixed results, New Deal had mixed results,

women were thought to give women were thought to give up a job if a man was without up a job if a man was without oneone

Women in the workplace grew Women in the workplace grew from 11.7% in 1930 to 15.6% from 11.7% in 1930 to 15.6% by 1940by 1940

Breaking GroundBreaking GroundFDR hired more than 100 FDR hired more than 100 African Americans for key African Americans for key New Deal posts.New Deal posts.

Mary McLeod Bethune –Mary McLeod Bethune – Advisor to FDR on African Advisor to FDR on African American concerns.American concerns.

Educator, Women’s Org., Educator, Women’s Org., and governmentand government

FDR Fails to Support Civil FDR Fails to Support Civil RightsRights

FDR never committed to Civil FDR never committed to Civil Rights for blacksRights for blacks

He was afraid of losing Southern He was afraid of losing Southern white democrats’ support for New white democrats’ support for New Deal programsDeal programs

Discrimination existed in the NRA, Discrimination existed in the NRA, CCC, and the TVACCC, and the TVA

Eleanor Roosevelt was helpful, and Eleanor Roosevelt was helpful, and African Americans supported FDRAfrican Americans supported FDR

The Roosevelt RecessionThe Roosevelt Recession The economy improved The economy improved

significantly by 1937 significantly by 1937 (Unemployment 14%)(Unemployment 14%)

FDR cut spending for the WPA FDR cut spending for the WPA and Farm Programsand Farm Programs

Stock Market collapsed in 1937Stock Market collapsed in 1937 Emergency Spending Bill in 1938Emergency Spending Bill in 1938 Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 The Housing Act of 1937The Housing Act of 1937

Impact of the New Impact of the New DealDeal

Essential QuestionsEssential Questions::What are the opinions What are the opinions about the about the effectiveness of the effectiveness of the New Deal?New Deal?

What are the lasting What are the lasting legacies of the New legacies of the New Deal?Deal?

Supporters and Supporters and CriticsCritics Conservatives felt the New Conservatives felt the New

Deal made the Deal made the Federal Federal Government too large and Government too large and stifled free enterprisestifled free enterprise

Liberals felt he did not do Liberals felt he did not do enough to enough to eliminate social eliminate social and economic inequalitiesand economic inequalities..

WWII ended the WWII ended the Depression, not the New Depression, not the New DealDeal

Legacies of the New Legacies of the New DealDeal

Bridges,Dams,TunnelsBridges,Dams,TunnelsPublic Buildings, and Public Buildings, and HospitalsHospitals

A more active Federal A more active Federal Gov., the welfare Gov., the welfare state, help for citizensstate, help for citizens

Legacies of the New Deal Legacies of the New Deal IIIITenn. Valley AuthorityTenn. Valley Authority

Federal Deposit Corp.Federal Deposit Corp.Securities and Exchange Securities and Exchange Commission ( SEC)Commission ( SEC)

Crop AllotmentCrop AllotmentSocial SecuritySocial SecurityGains for Unions ( NLRBGains for Unions ( NLRB))