THE EFFECTIVENESS OF USING ELECTRONIC POEMS TO IMPROVE STUDENTS’ PRONUNCIATION MASTERY ATTHE ELEVENTH-GRADE OF SMK N 7 PURWOREJO IN THE ACADEMICYEAR OF 2015/2016 A Thesis Submitted as a partial fulfillment ofthe requirements to Acquire Sarjana PendidikanDegree in English Education Program of Teacher Training and Education Faculty Muhammadiyah University of Purworejo by ERNI NOPITASARI 112120029 ENGLISH EDUCATION PROGRAM TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF PURWOREJO 2016
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THE EFFECTIVENESS OF USING ELECTRONIC POEMS TO IMPROVE STUDENTS’ PRONUNCIATION MASTERY ATTHE ELEVENTH-GRADE OF SMK N 7 PURWOREJO
IN THE ACADEMICYEAR OF 2015/2016
A Thesis
Submitted as a partial fulfillment ofthe requirements to Acquire Sarjana PendidikanDegree in English Education Program of
Teacher Training and Education Faculty Muhammadiyah University of Purworejo
by
ERNI NOPITASARI
112120029
ENGLISH EDUCATION PROGRAM TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF PURWOREJO
2016
APPROVAL SHEET
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF USING ELECTRONIC POEMSTO IMPROVE STUDENTS' PRONUNCIATION MASTERYAT THE ELEVENTH-GRADE OF SMK N 7 PURWOREJO
IN THE ACADEMIC YEAR OF 2015/2016
A THESIS
Erni Nopita SariNlM. 111120029
This thesis has been approved to be defended In front of the Board ofExaminers
Consultant I
~,~
Approved By
COllSultant n
lsmawati Ike Numheui, S.S" M.Hum.NIDN.0010067901
ZUlia Ollisanab, S.S. M.Pd.NIDN.0616127401
The Head of English Education Program~
11
RATIFICATION SHEET
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF USING ELECTRONIC POEMSTO IMPROVE STUDENTS' PRONUNCIATION MASTERYAT THE ELEVENTH-GRADE OF SMK N 7 PURWOREJO
IN THE ACADEMIC YEAR OF 2015/2016
A THESIS
Eml N'oplta SariNIM.112120029
Tbis thesis has been defended and accepted by the Bo\ll'd ofExaminersTeacher Training and Education FacultyMuhammadiyah University ofPurworejo
On the date of 15th February, 201§
The Board orExaminers
The First Examiner TheSecond Examiner The Third Examiner
states that this thesis is fully my own work expect for the things, which
intentionally taken as some references. If it is found that the researcher is involved
on a plagiarism and proven to be guilty of disobeying the norms and ethics of
thesis making someday, the consequences will be taken as a proof of my
responsibility under the authorized rule of the university.
Purworejo,6 February 2016
The Researcher,
Emi Nopita Sari
IV
v
Motto
Allah will not change the good condition of people as long as they do not change
themselves. (arRa’du: 11)
You’ll never know till you try, and always be yourself.
vi
DEDICATION
Proudly, I would like to dedicate this thesis to
1. Allah SWT, The Almighty God for my talents and many perfect things
having been blessed.
2. My beloved mother (Tini Rusyanti) and my beloved father (Amad Basri).
Who always support me emotionally and materially with prayer, love, and
patience.
3. IsmawatiIkeNugraheni, S.S., M.Hum, thanks for her guidance,
suggestions, encouragements, and motivations with all her patience.
4. My beloved boyfriend, Andi Kelvianto. Thanks for your love, support,
help and prayer.
5. Thanks toNur Khotimah and Umi Shangadah, for your motivation and
your help the writer in accomplishing this reseach.
6. For all my teachers and friends that I cannot mention one by one.
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Glory to Allah SWT, most merciful, most compassionate that blessed the
writter with health and tremendous power to finish this thesis entitled “The
Effectiveness of Using Electronic Poems to Improvestudents’ Pronunciation
Mastery atthe Eleventh-Gradestudents of SMK N 7 Purworejoin The
Academicyearof 2015/2016asa partial requirement for getting Sarjana Pendidikan
Degree of English Education Program of Muhammadiyah University of
Purworejo.
Praise and invocation are also given our great massager, Muhammad
SAW, who is hoped his intercession in the end of the world. Therefore, the
researcher would express her appreciation to those who helped her, namely :
1. Drs. H. Supriyono, M.Pd, as the Rector of Muhammadiyah University of
Purworejo.
2. Yuli Widiyono, M.Pd.as the Dean of Teacher Training and Education Faculty
of Muhammadiyah University of Purworejo.
3. Sri Widodo, S.S., M.Hum. as the Head of English Education Program of
Muhammadiyah University of Purworejo.
4. Ismawati Ike Nugraheni, S.S.,M.Hum.as the thesis consultants, thanks for the
understanding, practice, guidance, advice, ideas, correction, and support for
the thesis accomplishment.
5. Zulia Chasanah,S.S. M.Pd.as herconsultants, thanks for suggestion, guidence,
help, ideas advice and valuable time in correcting every part of this thesis with
all her patience.
6. All of the Lecturers of English Education Program who have given their
guidance.
7. The researcher's parents, for their support, prayers, motivations, love and care.
8. All of the researcher's friends in Muhammadiyah University ofPurworejo.
9. The eleventh grade ofSMK N 7Purworejo in the academic year of2015/2016,
students who become this research object.
Finally, last but not least, this thesis is still far from being perfect. Thus,
the reseacher will gladly accept any criticisms and suggestions from the readers.
However, the researcher hopes that this thesis can give contribution to the English
Education Department students and for all the readers.
Purworejo, 6 February 2016
The Researcher,
Emi Nopita Sari
Vl11
ix
ABSTRACT
Sari, Erni Nopita. 112120029. The effectiveness of Using Electronic Poem to Improve Students Pronunciation at Eleventh Grade of SMK N 7Purworejo in the Academic Year of 2015/2016. English Education Program of Teacher Training and Education Faculty of Muhammadiyah University of Purworejo. Consultant 1: Ismawati Ike Nugraheni, S.S.,M.Hum., Consultant II: Zulia Chasanah, S.S. M.Pd. This research aims to find the effectiveness of using English electronic poems as media to improve students’ pronunciation. In order to know the effectiveness, the researcher compares the result of teaching by using common method to the result of teaching using English electronic poems. This research is called experimental research. The population of this research is the eleventh grade students of senior high school of SMK N 7 Purworejo in the academic year 2015/2016. The sample of research in this research is 31 students. The sampling technique which is used is purposive sampling. The test is through pronunciation test (oral test of pronunciation) which is conducted on September 3rd, 2015 for pre-test, and on September 10th, 2015 for post-test. Statistically, the researcher analyzes the data by using t-test sample related. The result of this research found that the use of English electronic poems is effective to improve students’ pronunciation. In this research, there is positive and significant effective of using English electronic poems on students’ pronunciation. The result compared to the value of t-table (7.7184 >2.000). Then, the computation of t-test shows that the Ha is accepted. The highest score from the pre-test is 78 and the higheest score from post-test is 89. After the test, the average scores were found that the mean of the pre-test is was 60.90, and the mean of post-tets is 71.94. If the value of t-test is higher than t-table, the alternative hypothesis can be stated that it is effective to use English electronic poems as media to improve the students’ pronunciation at the eleventh grade students of senior high school of SMK N 7 Purworejo in the academic year of 2015/2016. Based on the result of this research the researcher suggest the reader to used electronic poem to help the students improve their pronunciation ability. Key Words:Effectiveness, electronic poem, and pronunciation
x
Table of Contents
Approval Sheet .............................................................................. ii
Ratification Sheet............................................................................ iii
Statement ........................................................................................ iv
Motto .............................................................................................. v
Dedication ...................................................................................... vi
Acknowledgments .......................................................................... vii
Abstract .......................................................................................... ix
Table of Contents ............................................................................ x
List of Table ................................................................................... xiii
List of Chart ................................................................................... xiv
List of Appendices .......................................................................... xv
CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION A. Background of the study................................... 1
B. Identification of The Problem ........................... 3
C. Limitation of The Study ................................... 4
D. Statement of the Problem ................................. 5
E. Objective of The Study .................................... 5
F. The Signicance of The Study ............................ 5
G. Definition of Key Terms .................................. 7
H. Organization of The Thesis .............................. 7
CHAPTER II : REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE A. Previous Study ................................................. 9
B. Theoretical Review .......................................... 11
1. Teaching and Learning ............................... 11
2. English Pronunciation ................................ 15
3. Media ......................................................... 34
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4. Definition of Electronic Poem .................... 38
C. Conceptual Framework .................................... 44
D. Hypothesis ...................................................... 47
CHAPTER III : RESEACH METODOLOGY A. Types of Research ............................................ 48
B. Variable of The Research ................................. 49
C. Time and Place of Research ............................. 50
D. Population, Sample .......................................... 50
E. Sampling Technique......................................... 51
F. Research Instrument ......................................... 53
G. Technique of Collecting Data ........................... 55
H. Technique of Analysing Data ........................... 57
CHAPTER IV : RESEACH FINDING AND DISCUSSION
A. Data Analysis ................................................... 62
1. The Result of Pre-test ................................. 63
2. The Result of Post-tes ................................. 67
3. The students’ Pronunciation ability of
Pre-test and Post-test ................................. 72
B. Inferential Analysis .......................................... 75
1. Test of Normality ....................................... 75
2. Test of Homogenity .................................... 77
Poem is a piece of writing in which the words are chosen
for their sound and the images they suggest, not just for their obvious
meanings. The words are arranged in separate lines, usually with a
repeated rhythm, and often the lines rhyme at the end. Poetry reading
to give specific and deep comments on their pronunciation. Poetry
reading has also been found to be useful to those who provide
critiques, helping students to develop pronunciation and their
vocabulary and become better able to judge their own reading.
b. Definition of Electronic Poems
Electronic Poems is a form of electronic literature,
displaying a wide range of approaches to poetry, with a prominent and
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crucial use of computers. Digital poetry can be available in form of CD-
ROM,DVD, as installation in art galleries, in certain cases also recorded
as digital video or film, as digital holograms and on the World Wide
Web or internet (http://iloveepoetry.com/).
Electronic poetry is refers to a wide range of approaches to
poetry that all have in common the prominent and crucial use of
computers or digital technologies and other devices. Digital poetry does
not concern itself with the digitalization of printed works, it relates to
digital texts. These work studies only electronic poems created to be
read on the computer accessible online.
Electronic poem is a poetic practice made possible by
digital media and technologies. A genre of electronic literature, it is also
known as electronic poetry or e-poetry. The technologies that shape
digital media are diverse, rapidly evolving, and can be used to such
different effects that the term has expanded to encompass a large
number of practices.
Digital poetry is simply poetry written on a computer and
published in print or on the Web. The most common use of the
computer in the creation of poetry is as a word processor, which
“remediates” the typewriter in its capabilities. Using a word processor
to write a poem doesn’t necessarily make the result a digital poem
because this kind of software is designed primarily to produce printed
copies. As an inscription technology it still leaves a mark on a poem,
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partly in the composition process, and partly in how a poem looks,
because it provides a diverse palette of formatting elements and
language tools (http://www.poetrybeyondtext.org/digital-poetry.html).
C. Conceptual Framework
Poetry is an effective tool in English language teaching as it enlivens
the class, giving the students a motivational buzz while stimulating their
creative writing. The emphasis on the sounds and rhythm of language aids
students’ phonological awareness, building a foundation for correct
pronunciation and intonation, which in turn has a strong correlation to
proficiency in reading and listening. The students may have learned a lot
about the rules of the pronunciation, but maybe they cannot apply them in
writing, much less in speaking.
Language is very important in human life. It is used by people to
communicate with one another. There are many languages, which are used and
learned by people in many different places in many different ways. English is
one example of the languages used by people to interest to each other. As one
of the international languages, English is used and learned much by people in
the world. In Indonesia, English is regarded as the first foreign language. That
is learned from Elementary School to University, even in kindergarten they
have started to study English. It needs teacher skills. The teacher should be
able to create an interesting method and technique in order to obtain a good
result and avoid the student boredom.
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Pronunciation is very important for young learners because it would
facilitate them in improving their pronunciation. The students should be able
to pronounce the sounds that can be discriminated by others. However,
pronouncing the English sounds is not easy. This problem is due to the fact
that some English sounds do not exist in the Indonesian language. Because
they used mother tongue in their environment. Therefore, pronunciation of
English should be practiced by the students.
Pronunciation refers to the way a word or a language is spoken, or the
manner in which someone utters a word. If one is said to have “correct
pronunciation”, then it refers to both within a particular dialect. A word can be
spoken in different ways by various individuals or groups, depending on many
factors, such as: the area in which they grow up, the area in which they live. If
they have a speech or voice disorder, their ethnic group, their social class, or
their education.
As a human being, someone must know details of pronunciation. It is
significant to know pronunciation of someone. There are three levels of
English pronunciation:
1. People often did not understand what others want to say because they
use wrong English sounds.
2. People can understand what others want to say, but they have to
concentrate to understand us.
3. People can understand others easily, because pronunciation are clear
and pleasant.
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Therefore, teachers have to give more attention to the students’
pronunciation when they say English words in order to avoid
miscommunication to each other. The students sometimes make some
mistakes like they pronounce the word swhich are not based on the
dictionary. Moreover, their pronunciation often has errors.
Nowadays, pronunciation is very important when we talk to someone
even when we read poetry. Poetry is an imaginative awareness of experiences
expressed through meaning, sound, and rhythmic language choices so as to
evoke an emotional response. Poetry has been known to employ meter and
rhyme, but this is by no means necessary. Poetry is ancient form that has gone
through numerous and drastic reinvention over time. The very nature of
poetry as an authentic and individual mode of expression makes it nearly
impossible to define.
The researcher focused on students’ pronunciation by using poetry
reading practice. The appropriate technique which was used by the resercher
is poetry reading because poetry reading makes the students are able to learn
each other. Poetry reading has also been found to be useful to those who
provide critiques, helping students to develop pronunciation and their
vocabulary and become better able to judge their own reading. In reference to
the statements described above, the writer in this research would like to know
whether there is any improvement in students’ pronunciation after being
taught through reading poem.
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D. Hypothesis
Hypothesis is temporary answer about statement of the problem
(Sugiyono, 2012: 96). Hypothesis that will be tested is named work
alternative hypothesis (Ha) whereas the opposite is null hypothesis (Ho).
Hypothesis is a formal statement about an expected relationship between two
or more variables which can be tasted through on experiment (Arikunto,
2010:110). There is hypothesis can be proposed:
1. Ho: The use of electronic poem is not effective to increase students’
pronunciation ability at the eleventh grade students of SMK Negeri
7 Purworejo of the academic year of 2015/ 2016.
2. Ha: The use of electronic poem is effective to increase students’
pronunciation ability at the eleventh grade students of SMK Negeri
7 Purworejo of the academic year of 2015/ 2016.
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CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents aspect in research design. Research design is very
important, because we need research design to make a concept of planning. In this
chapter, the researcher will formulate the concept of the research design into
several items. There are: type of research, variable of research, place of time the
research, population and sample, sampling of technique, research instrument,
technique collecting data, technique of data analysis.
This research is an experimental research because the researcher is doing
experimental or treatment to compare the result of the pre-test and the post-test at
the eleventh grade of SMK N 7 Purworejo in the academic year of 2015/2016.
A. Types of Research
The research in classified as an experimental research. In this
study, students were participating in one groups. There are one classes taken
as the subject groups in this research. The research was conducted based on
the one-group pretest posttest design. In this research, the researcher had one
class only. The students had a pretest, 2 treatments and a posttest. The design
of the research was described as follows:
T1 0 T2 X T3 0 T4
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49
T1-T3: Pre-test.
T2-T4: Post-tests.
X: Experimental technique
B. Variable of The research
Variables are the subject of a research, or things that become points of
attention of research (Arikunto, 2010: 161). Variable can be defined as an
attribute of a person or object to object. In this research, the writer employs
two kinds of variable. There are:
1. Independent Variable
Independent variable is the variable that experimenter expect to
influence the other. The independent variable is causal variable or free
variable. In this research, the independent variable is electronic poems
symbolized with “X”.
2. Dependent Variable
The dependent variable is the variable which the researcher
observed and measures to determine the effect of the independent
variable. The dependent variable in this study is student’s pronunciation
mastery. The dependent variable is symbol with “Y”.
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C. Time and Place of Research
The research was conducted of SMK N 7 Purworejo. This research
divided into three sections. The first is pre-test, the second is treatment, and
the third is post-test.
D. Population, Sample
1. Population
Population is generalization area which consist of object/subject
that has quality and specific characteristic stated by the researcher to be
studied and than to find out of the conclusion of it (Sugiyono,
2009:297).
Sample is partially or representative population studied
(Arikunto, 2010:174). If the population is too large, the researcher can
take a portion of the total portion. As for the small population of the
entire population should be used as a source of data. Population is the
area in which you are trying to get information from. In other word,
population is the big research group chosen to represent all members of
group. The population of the study was at the eleventh-grade students
of SMK N 7 Purworejo in the Academic Year of 2015/2016. The total
number of the eleventh grade students is 187 students which divided
into 6 clases.
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2. Sample
Sample is a section of your population that you are actually
going to survey. Sample is representative of population that will be
observed (Arikunto, 2006:76). The researcher took sample in this
research because the respondents are more than 100. The respondents are
less than 100, it is better to take them all as sample. The important thing
in this study is the aim of sampling is to construct a sample that can
represent the entire population. It means that sample must be able to
represent the whole data of population. In this research, the number of
eleventh grade students of SMK N 7 Purworejo is 187 students. Here, the
researcher takes one class that is XI AK 1. The number of sample in this
research is 31 students.
E. Sampling Technique
Sampling technique is certain technique to take sample. There are two
type of sampling techniques namely probably and none probably sampling
(Sugiyono, 2012: 62).
Probably sampling includes simple random, proportionate stratified
random sampling. Non-probability sampling in includes systematically
sampling, quota sampling, accidental or incidental sampling, purposive
sampling, saturated sampling, and snowball sampling.
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Sampling is the way of drawing a sample is the research (Arikunto,
2013: 177) . He adds that to draw sample accurately requires many sampling
techniques, which can be chosen in the research such as:
1. Random Sampling
The researcher shuffles the subject of population so all subjects have a
change to be chosen.
2. Stratified Sampling
The researcher assumed that the population is divided into stratification,
the sample drawn from each stratification.
3. Area Sampling
It is sampling by drawing sample of every area in the population.
4. Purposive Sampling
The drawing of sampling is based on specific purpose by considering the
time consumed and other factors.
5. Propositional Sampling
This sample is to complete the area of probability sampling because
sometimes each area has different numbers, the drawing sample in
proportional sampling. It is proportioned to the numbers areas.
6. Quota Sampling
This sampling is based on the quota the researcher needs. The samples
have drawn random at area and stratification.
7. Cluster Sampling
The drawing of sample is based on cluster.
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8. Double Sampling
The researcher takes two samples. The number of first sample is bigger
than the second sample. The second sample is useful to check the truth of
data of the first sample or to complete the number on the first sample.
Based on the kinds of sampling technique above, the researcher used
purposive sampling in taking the sample. The reason of the researcher
chooses this sampling is because of the limitation of time, energy, and funds
so that it cannot take a bigger sample. It is said that purposive sampling is the
drawing of sample that is based on specific purpose by considering the time
consumed and other factors.
F. Research Instrument
Instrument is the tools used by the researcher when conducting a
research method (Arikunto, 2013: 192). Research instrument is kind of tool
used to measure the nature or social phenomena which is observed
(Sugiyono, 2012: 222). Instrument includes a part of the way used by the
researcher to collect the result of obtaining the data.
The instrument for collecting data in this study is a test in the form of
electronic poem to know the students’ ability in pronunciation. Some kinds of
instrument are test, questionnaires, interview, observation, rating scale, and
documentation. The researcher uses a test as the instrument.
In this research, the researcher uses pre-test and post-test in getting the
data. The researcher explains the direction as clearly as possible to make the
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students understand the materials being tested. The purpose of test in this in
this research to measure students’ ability in pronunciation. In this test,
studesnts pronounce the twenty words in the paper. There are five steps that
were carried out by the researcher:
1. Preparing the research instrument.
Before the researcher giving the pre-test and post-test the researcher make
a instrument to easier the researcher do the research.
2. Giving pre-test
The use of pre-test is to determine the initial state of the subject with
regard to some particular variables. The researcher hopes this pre-test can
increase students’ pronunciation ability.
3. Giving treatment
The treatment in the class is about how to teach English pronunciation
using electronic poem
4. Giving post-test
After conducting the treatment, the students must do the post-test. Post-test
is used to measure the students’ achievement after they got the treatment.
5. Taking an evaluation
Then the researcher can evaluate the assessments that are given to the
students. The researcher can accumulate the result of pre-test and post-test.
From this process, the researcher can observe whether the use of electronic
poem is effective or not to increase the students pronunciation ability.
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G. Technique of Collecting Data
Data is very important in doing research. It is need to know much
information about the subject of research. In this part the researcher were
carry out some step, there are:
1. Preparing The Research Instrument
Before conducting the research, the researcher prepares some
research instrument. The researcher makes some pre-test and post-test.
2. Giving Pre-Test
The researcher was using pre-test by giving test to be the students
before treatment giving treatment.
3. Giving Treatment
The researcher was giving the treatment to the students. The
treatment is about the use of electronic poem to increase the
pronunciation. During the treatment, the researcher was explaining the
materials clearly. So, the students can easier to understand the materials.
4. Giving Post-Test
The researcher conducts the research by giving test to the students
after treatment.
5. Scoring
By using the test, the researcher investigated some data concerning
the test result. To calculate the achievement test result, the score was
based on criteria of scoring. Arikunto (2009: 245) stated that there are
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criteria of certain data based on the criteria reverenced scales. They are as
followed:
Table 3.1 Classification of the Students’ Achievement
Value Grade Level of Achievement 80-100 A Excellent 66-79 B Good 56-65 C Sufficient 40-55 D Fairly Sufficient <39 E Poor
Data is an important thing in research. It contains what we have
done in our research. By using data we have collected yet, the researceh
will know the result of the research. The data collection is taken on
3thseptember until 10th september 2015 with the cooperation of the
principal and with teacher in SMK N 7 Purworejo. The research is
conducted in four ways. Those are as follows:
1. The researcher gives pre-test for class AK1. The pre-test is done to
know how how to deep their pronunciation about the English poem in
their level before the researcher gives treatment.
2. The researcher gives treatment to the class. The researcher uses a
electronic poem for teaching pronunciation in class AK 1.
3. After giving the treatment the researcher gives post-test.the scoring
system used by the researcher is based on (Materi Pelatihan Guru
Implementasi Kurikulum 2013: 2014:93). It shows as the following
table.
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Table 3.2 Scoring the data
CRITERIA SCORE INDICATOR
Diphthongs 3 Good 2 Sufficient 1 Poor
Vowel 3 Good 2 Sufficient 1 Poor
Consonant 3 Good 2 Sufficient 1 Poor
H. Technique of Analysing Data
Descriptive analysis is a statistic which has function to describe or
to give a description on the observed object by data sample or population
without doing analysis and make conclusion to general (Sugiyono, 2013: 207).
1. Descriptive Analysis
Descriptive analysis is a statistic which the function of it is to describe
or to give a description on the observed object by data sample or population
without doing any analysis and no conclusion (Sugiyono, 2012: 147).
Descriptive analysis is used to describe the variable of this research
that is the use of electronic poems to improve students’ pronunciation.
The descriptive analysis includes the measurement of central tendency
(mean, median, and mode) and the measurement of group variance
(range variance and standard deviation). The researcher will take some
simple formulas through these following steps:
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a) Mean
(Sugiyono, 2008: 49) stated that mean is average score obtained by
the subject of the study. Mean is gotten by totaling data of all
individual in the group and then that data divided by the number of
individual in that group. Actually, there is difference between mean
in central tendency and mean in group data.
b) Median
Median is one of explanation based on the middle value of the data
which have been organized from the lowest to the highest or from
the highest to the lowest.
c) Mode
Mode is a technique to explain based on the value which is popular
or which often being found.
d) Range
Range is a way to talk about the spread of distribution of scores.
The range formula is a follows:
R = Xhighest − Xlowest
e) Standard Deviation
The standard deviation is the way of showing the spread of the score.
It measures the degree to which the group of scores deviates from
the mean. In other words, it shows how all the scores are spread out
and thus give a fuller description of the test scores than the range,
which simply describes the gap between the highest and the lowest
59
marks and ignores the information provided by all the remaining
scores (Sugiyono, 2008: 56).
2. Inferential Analysis
In this analysis, the researcher analyzed the data to the hypothesis.
This analysis is done to find out the use of personal experiences to
increase students’ writing ability of recount text.
a. Test of Normality
This test is intended to determine the distribution of the
maximum and minimum values as well as the variability of research
data. Tests carry out by using the test for normality distribution with
the chi square technique (x). This study used for normality
distribution of initial abilities and accomplishments to learn English
the subject of recount text. As for formula to test the normality of the
data with Chi square is
푥 = ∑(푓표 − 푓ℎ)
푓ℎ
In which
x = the chi square value
fo = the observed frequency
fh = the expected frequency
df = degree of freedom (the total class interval-1)
(Sugiyono, 2012:107)
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With this technique, the criteria for normal data if subsidized
price of 푥 calculated is less than the price of 푥 tables. The
researcher analyzed the normality test using SPSS 16.00 with
Kolmogorov Sminov. Testing criteria are as follows:
If probability > 0.05 the normal population variant. If the
probability value < 0.05 then the variant population is not normal.
b. Test of Homogeneity
This test aims to determine whether the research is uniformly
drawn from the same population, given the research data drawn from
separate groups from one population.
Test the homogeneity of variance, we use F test (Sugiyono,
2012:140).
F =
If the price F value > F table, it stated that the variance of the
two groups are homogeneous.
Researcher will use SPSS 16.0 to analyze the homogeneity of
variances. The data come from populations with the same variant or
a variant of the same if probability > 0.05.
c. Test of Hypothesis
This test is used to know whether it is the use of electronic
poem to improve students’ pronunciation at eleventh grade in SMK
N 7 Purworejo of the academic year 2015/2016. To decide which
61
hypothesis that will be accepted or rejected, the t-testformula is used
to compare two samples. The t- test formula:
)1(
2
NNdX
Mdt
Where :
t : t value
Md : Mean from the difference of pre-test and post-test
Ʃx2푑 : the number of deviation
N : number of sample
(Arikunto, 2013:349)
In this inferential analysis, hypothesis testing is done. In
this testing, the hypothesis will be analyzed through t-test. If t value
is smaller than t table then the null hypothesis (Ho) accepted. And on
the contrary, if t value is greater than t table then the null hypothesis
(Ho) is rejected and the alternative hypothesis (Ha) accepted.
The t-test is probably the most widely used statistical test
for the comparison of two means, because it can be used with small
sample. The t-test is to see the score difference between two
variables: the students’pronunciation skill of using english electronic
poems.
62
CHAPTER IV
RESEACH FINDING AND DISCUSSION
The study objective is intended to know whether the Electronic Poem was
effective or not for teaching recount text and to find out the electronic poem
strategy in teaching pronunciation on the eleventh grade students of SMK N 7
Purworejo of the academic year 2015/2016. The researcher analyzed the result of
pre-test and post-test conducted in XI AK1.
A. Data Analysis
In conducting this research, the researcher took one sample. The
researcher used XI AK 1 class to colected the data and consisted of 31
students. The researcher was done of SMK N 7 Purworejo. The research was
conducted on September 2015. The details of the schedule were presented as
follows:
Table 4.1 The Schedule of the Research
No Day/Date Material 1 Thursday,3 September2015 Pre–test and Treatment 2 Monday, 7 September20015 Treatment 3 Thursday, 10 September 2015 Treatment and Post-test
By using the English pronunciation test, the researcher collected some
data concerning the test result. To calculate the English pronunciation ability
was based on criteria of scoring, they are as follows:
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63
Table 4.2 Classification of the Students’ Achievement
Value Grade Level of Achievement 80-100 A Excellent 66-79 B Good 56-65 C Sufficient 40-55 D Fairly Sufficient <39 E Poor
1. The Result Of Pre-Test
The goal of doing test in this research is to know the students’
ability in mastering the material. This test also showed the effect of
Electronic poem in pronunciation. Below was the result of pre-test.
The table above shows the result was 8.93. The researcher used the
chi square table at the significance of 5% with 31 samples is 11.070. It
showed that the result of manual calculation less than chi square table
(8.93 < 11.070). Therefore, the data was normal.The researcher also
calculated the normality test using SPSS was as follow:
One-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test
pre_test post_test
N 31 31
Normal Parametersa Mean 60.9032 72.2903
Std. Deviation 9.07140 9.46289
Most Extreme Differences Absolute .233 .275
Positive .222 .209
Negative -.233 -.275
Kolmogorov-Smirnov Z 1.298 1.533
Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) .069 .018
a. Test distribution is Normal.
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2. Test of Homogeneity
To determine the t-test formula, the researcher applied the variance
homogeneity test to test the variance of one samples, pre-test and post-
test. To know whether the variance of one samples was homogeneous or
not, the researcher used F test. The computation of F test was as follows:
F count =
= ..
= 1.18
From the computation above, the value of F was 1.55. Then, it was
compared with the value of F Table with dk of numerator (31-1=30) and
dk of denominator (31-1=30). Based on the table on F table, it is known
that the F value on the significant level 0.05 was 1.84. The F value was
lower than F table (1.18 < 1.84). It meant that the variances of two
samples were homogeneous.
The researcher also calculated the homogeneity test using SPSS
was as follow:
Test of Homogeneity of Variance
Levene Statistic df1 df2 Sig.
nilai Based on Mean .073 1 60 .788
Based on Median .000 1 60 .987
Based on Median and with
adjusted df .000 1 58.961 .987
Based on trimmed mean .053 1 60 .819
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3. T-test Findings
The calculations of the mean score of pre-test and post-test were
60.90 and 71.94. If we compared the two means, it was clear that the
mean of the post-test was higher than the mean of the pre-test. To make
the analysis more reliable, the researcher analyses it by using t-test
separates variance formula as follow:
)1(
2
nndX
Mdt
Note: t : t value
Md : 10.452
Ʃx²d : 1705.42
n : 31
n-1 : 30
1 0 .4 5 21 7 0 5 .4 23 1(3 1 1)
t
1 0 .4 521 .8 33 7 85
t
10 .4521.354174
t
=7.7184
79
The result of t-test was 7.7184and the t table was 2.042. It meant
that t value was higher than t table (7.7184 > 2.042) in the significant
level 0.05. So, it can be concluded that the using electronic poem to
increase students’ pronunciation at the eleventh grade of SMK N 7
Purworejo in the academic year 2015/2016 is effective.
The researcher also calculated the t- testfindings using SPSS was
as follow:
4. Test of Hypothesis
There were three points involved in testing hypothesis. There were
level of significance, null hypothesis, and test of experimental
significance. The three points above are presented in the following.
a. Level of Significance
In testing hypothesis, the researcher used the level of
significance to minimize the false conclusion of the research. This
was applied to reject the hypothesis in order to gain the objective
conclusion. Generally, the level use in any research was the 5%
80
level. In this research, the researcher used the level of significance
5%. It means that the falseness of conclusion was 5% and the truth
of conclusion is95%.
b. Null Hypothesis
The researcher commonly faced with the null hypothesis. By
using the null hypothesis, the hypothesis statement will be easier to
be proved. The hypothesis of this research (Ha) was “The use of
electronic poem is effective to improve students’ pronunciation at
the eleventh grade of SMK Negeri 7 Purworejo in the academic year
2015/2016”.
To prove the hypothesis was accepted or rejected, the
researcher changed the hypothesis of this research into the null
hypothesis. The null hypothesis (Ho) of this research was “The use
electronic poem is not effective to improve students’ pronunciation
at the eleventh grade of SMK Negeri 7 Purworejo in the academic
year 2015/2016”.
c. Test of Experimental Significance
After getting t-value, the researcher consulted the critical
value on t-table to check whether the difference was significance or
not. Before the experiment was conducted, the level of significance
to use had been divided. The researcher used the 5% significance
level. From the previous analysis, it showed that with the number of
sample (N=31) and the level of significance was 5%, the value of t-
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table was 2.042. The computation showed that t-value was higher
than t-table that was 7.7184> 2.042.
From the explanation above, the researcher concludes that
null hypothesis is rejected and research hypothesis is accepted.
Therefore, the hypothesis of this research that said “The using
electronic poem to improve students’ pronunciation at eleventh
grade of SMK N 7 Purworejo in the academic year of 2015/2016” is
accepted.
C. Discussion
After knowing the result test previous section, the researcher
would discuss more about the use of electronic poem to improve
students’ pronunciation. The detail explanation about the result score of
pre-test and post-test is as follows:
1. The Result Score of Pre- test
From 31 samples, there was no student 0 (0%) student was
excellent, 15 (48.39%) students was good, 14 (45.16%) students was
sufficient, 1 (3.22%) students was fairly sufficient, and 1 (3.22%) student
belonged to poor. Meanwhile, the highest score of the students of pre-test
at the eleventh grade students of SMK N 7 Purworejo was 78 and the
lowest score was 33. Thus, the mean of pre-test was 60.90. It means that
students of pre-test of the eleventh grade students of SMK N 7 are
categorized as fairly sufficent on their pronunciation using poem.
82
2. The Result Score of Post-test
From 31 samples, there was 2 (6.45%) students was excellent, 25
(80.64%) students was good, 3 (9.67%) students sufficient, 1 (3.22%)
student was fairly sufficient, and 0 (0%) student belonged to poor.
Meanwhile, the highest score of the students of post-test at the eleventh
grade students of SMK N 7 Purworejo was 89 and the lowest score was
44. Thus, the mean of control group was 71. 94. It means that students of
post-test of the eleventh grade students of SMK N 7 are categorized as
good on their pronunciation using poem.
We saw that the mean of the score pre-test was 60.90 and the
mean of score pos-test was 71.94. The explanation before showed that
the post-test was better than pre-test. It means that the use of electronic
poem was effective to improve students’ pronunciation using electronic
poem.
3. The Use of Electronic Poem to Improve Students’ Pronunciation
Based on the result of data analysis, the mean of pre-test was 60.90
while the mean score of post-test was 71.94. Both of them categorized as
good. The mean of score pre-test was 60.90 and the mean of score post
test was 71.94 it was increasing of score was 11.04. Therefore, we could
be concluded that using electronic poem to improve students’
pronunciation was more effective than without using electronic poem.
This had been proved by analyzing the data from the differences.
Between two scores of pre-test and pos-test, the t-value was 7.7184. This
83
value was higher than t-table with significance level 5% (0.05 = 2.042).
The position of t-value= 7.7184 > 2.042.and the position of t-test= 0.00<
0.05.
Based on the analysis above, the researcher could infer that by
using electronic poem to improve students’ pronunciation at the eleventh
grade students of SMKN 7 Purworejo was effective. It means the
hypothesis alternatif (Ha) was accepted.
84
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
Chapter V is the last chapter of this thesis. In this chapter, the researcher
gives the conclusion extracted from the research finding and discussion, and the
suggestion for all whom related to this study.
A. Conclusion
The researcher summarizes the result of this research in this part. The
researcher presents the important points of the discussion. However, all of the
skills, i.e. reading, speaking, writing or listening are very important things in
studying English, producing the sound in reading the text or in speaking with
the right pronunciation is very important thing.
Based on the result of the data analysis, it can be concluded that
English electronic poems is effective on teaching pronunciation. This has
been proved by analyzing data from the distinction between two means score
of the pre-test and post-test. The mean of the pre-test score is 60.90, and the
mean of the post-test score is 71.94. and also by analyzing with t-test formula.
It is obtained that the result of t-test is higher than t-table that is 7.7184 >
2.042.
B. Suggestion
The researcher would like to give some suggestion related to this
discussion for those who are closely related to the English teaching and
learning. The researcher hopes these suggestion will be useful, especially
84
85
for teacher, students, and other readers. The researcher would like to give
some for English teacher and everybody who are interested in English
teaching as follows:
1. For the teacher
The teacher should be able to serve as a good model of pronunciation for
their students. A few suggestions are proposed for the improvement of
English electronic poems in classroom application. The use of English
electronic poems is recommended to teacher in senior high school to
improve students’ interest and getting the students’ experience in learning
English pronunciation.
2. For the students’
Besides someone study at school, the students can also learn English
pronunciation by themselves. One of the ways to learn English
pronunciation is by using English electronic poems. Students will hear and
see the difference of each words in pronunciation. Be confidence when
read aloud and speak English pronunciation well and do not be shy. If the
students practice their English pronunciation continuously, they will get
better in their English speaking and reading.
3. For the reader
From the research findings about English pronunciation using English
electronic poems, it is hoped can be learned by the reader. The researcher
hopes there would be further studies on teaching learning English
pronunciation using English electronic poems applied other technique.
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