THE EFFECTIVENESS OF BLENDED LEARNING TO TEACH …

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THE EFFECTIVENESS OF BLENDED LEARNING

TO TEACH WRITING VIEWED FROM

STUDENTS’ CREATIVITY

(An Experimental Study at the English Education Department of Slamet

Riyadi University in the Academic Year of 2014/2015)

A THESIS

By:

IRENE BRAINNITA OKTARIN

S891308049

Written as a Partial Fullfilment of the Requirements for Graduate Education

Degree of English Language Teaching

ENGLISH EDUCATION OF GRADUATE PROGRAM

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY

SURAKARTA

2015


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ABSTRACT

Irene Brainnita Oktarin. S891308049. 2015. The Effectiveness of Blended

Learning Method to teach Writing viewed from Students’ Creativity (An

Experimental Study at the Third Semester Students of Slamet Riyadi University

in the academic year 2014/2015. A Thesis. First Consultant: Dr. Ngadiso, M.Pd;

Secod Consultant: Prof. Dr. Joko Nurkamto, M.Pd. English Education

Department, Graduate Progam, Sebelas Maret University.

This research aims to review whether: (1) Blended Learning Method is more

effective than Lecturing Method to teach writing; (2) The students with high

creativity have better writing skill than those having low creativity; and (3) There

is an interaction between teaching methods and students‟ creativity in teaching

writing.

This experimental study was conducted at the third semester students of

English Department of Slamet Riyadi University in the academic year 2014/2015.

There were 60 students, consisting of 3 classes. The samples were two classes

namely experimental class which was taught using Blended Learning Method and

control class which was taught using Lecturing Method. To find out the sample, a

cluster random sampling technique was implemented. Each class was divided into

two groups of which each consisted of students having high creativity and those

having low creativity. To gain the data, two instruments were used namely writing

test to find out the score of students‟ writing and creativity test to find out the

score of students‟ creativity. The data were, then, analysed by using Multifactor

Analysis of Variance ANOVA 2x2 and Tukey test. Before conducting the

ANOVA test, pre-requisite test namely normality and homogeneity test were

conducted.

There are some reseach findings that can be taken: (1) Blended Learning

Method is more effective than Lecturing Method to teach writing; (2) The

students with high creativity have better writing skill than those having low

creativity; and (3) There is an interaction between teaching methods and students‟

creativity in teaching writing.

Based on the results of this research, it implies that Blended Learning

Method is an effective method in teaching writing to the third semester students of

English Department Slamet Riyadi University. However, to support the using of

Blended Learning Method in teaching learning activities, a teacher must

understand about the development of Information and Communication

Technology (ICT), such as internet. They must capable in using and operating

internet or social media.

Keywords: Blended Learning Method, Lecturing Method, writing skill, creativity,

experimental study


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MOTTO

Yesterday I dared to struggle. Today I dare to win

(Bernadette Devlin)


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DEDICATION

With deep profound love, this research is fully dedicated to:

My beloved parents Marius Budi Suswanto and Maria Magdalena Kusgiati

My lovely sister Genoveva Maditias Dwi Pertiwi

My lovely brother Rafael Novin Triditio

My would be husband Antonius Yanuar Aris Wirawan

My almamater Sebelas Maret University


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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The researcher would like to acknowledge her countless gratitude to the

Most Gracious and the Most Merciful, Jesus Christ, who has granted her health

and determination to write this thesis. In addition, there are many people who

have generously contributed in improving this thesis, that she would like to

express her deep gratitude to the following people:

1. The Dean of Teacher Training and Education Faculty of Sebelas Maret

University for the permission to write the thesis.

2. The Head of English Education Department of Graduate Program for

providing the facilities to complete the thesis writing.

3. Dr. Ngadiso, M.Pd, the first consultant for his guidance, advice, and

patience during the writing process of this thesis.

4. Prof. Dr. Joko Nurkamto, M.Pd, the second consultant for his guidance,

advice, and patience during the writing process of this thesis.

5. The Head of English Education Department of Slamet Riyadi University for

the permission to conduct the research.

6. The Lecturer of English Education Department of Slamet Riyadi University,

especially Ernadewi Kartikasari, M.Pd for her help, guidance, and

cooperation during the research.

7. The third semester students of Slamet Riyadi University in the academic

year 2014/2015 for their cooperation during the research.

8. All friends and everyone who have helped the researcher in accomplishing

this thesis.

Hopefully, this thesis would provide a positive contribution to the

educational development and the readers.

Surakarta, February 2015

Irene Brainnita Oktarin


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE ............................................................................................................. i

APPROVAL ................................................................................................... ii

LEGITIMATION ........................................................................................... iii

PRONOUNCEMENT .................................................................................... iv

ABSTRACT .................................................................................................... v

MOTTO .......................................................................................................... vi

DEDICATION ................................................................................................ vii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................. viii

TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................... ix

LIST OF TABLES ......................................................................................... xii

LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................... xiii

LIST OF APPENDICES ............................................................................... xiv

CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION

A. Background of the Research ............................................... 1

B. Problem Identification ....................................................... 8

C. Problem Limitation ............................................................ 9

D. Problem Statement ............................................................. 10

E. Research Objectives ........................................................... 10

F. Significance of the Research .............................................. 11

CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW

A. Theoretical Review ............................................................ 14

1. Writing ............................................................................ 14

a. Definitions of Writing ................................................ 14

b. Micro and Macro Skills of Writing ........................... 16

c. Indicator of Writing ................................................... 17

d. Teaching Writing ....................................................... 19

e. Writing Assessment ................................................... 23

2. Teaching Method ........................................................... 26

a. Blended Learning Method .......................................... 27

1) Definition of Blended Learning ............................ 27

2) Procedures of Blended Learning ........................... 29

3) Advantages of Blended Learning .......................... 31

4) Disadvantages of Blended Learning ..................... 33

b. Lecturing Method ...................................................... 34

1) Definition of Lecturing Method ............................ 34

2) Procedure of Lecturing Method ............................ 35


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3) Advantages of Lecturing Method .......................... 37

4) Disadvantages of Lecturing Method ..................... 38

c. The differences between Blended and Lecturing ...... 39

3. Creativity ........................................................................ 40

a. Definition of Creativity .............................................. 40

b. Aspects of Creativity ................................................. 42

c. The Importance of Creativity in Writing .................... 45

d. Process of Creativity .................................................. 46

e. Measuring Creativity .................................................. 47

B. Review of Related Studies ................................................. 50

C. Rationale ............................................................................ 55

1. The Difference between Blended Learning and

Lecturing ......................................................................... 55

2. The Difference between High and Low Creativity ....... 56

3. Interaction between Teaching Method and Creativity .. 58

D. Hypothesis ......................................................................... 59

CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

A. Context of the Study .......................................................... 60

1. Place of the Research ..................................................... 60

2. Time of the Research ..................................................... 60

B. Research Method ............................................................... 60

C. Population, Sample, and Sampling .................................... 62

1. Population ...................................................................... 62

2. Sample ........................................................................... 63

3. Sampling ........................................................................ 63

D. Data Collection and Research Instrument ......................... 64

1. Writing Test ................................................................... 64

2. Creativity test ................................................................. 66

E. Data Analysis ...................................................................... 68

1. Pre-requisite Tests .......................................................... 68

2. Hypothesis Testing ......................................................... 69

F. Statistical Hypotheses ........................................................ 72

CHAPTER IV: DATA ANALYSIS AND RESEARCH FINDING

A. Data Description ................................................................ 74

B. Pre-requisite Tests .............................................................. 83

1. Normality ....................................................................... 83

2. Homogeneity ................................................................. 87


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C. Hypothesis Testing ............................................................ 87

1. ANOVA ......................................................................... 87

2. Tukey Test ..................................................................... 89

D. The Discussion of the Result ............................................. 91

1. The Difference between Blended Learning Method and

Lecturing Method ......................................................... 91

2. The Difference between Students Having High

Creativity and Students Having Low Creativity ........... 94

3. Interaction between Teaching Methods and Students‟

Creativity on the Students‟ Writing Skills .................... 96

CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION, IMPLICATION, AND SUGGESTION

A. Conclusion .......................................................................... 100

B. Implication ......................................................................... 101

C. Suggestion .......................................................................... 102

REFERENCES ............................................................................................... 104

APPENDICES ................................................................................................ 111


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LIST OF TABLES

Table 2.1 Scoring Rubrics of Writing .............................................................. 25

Table 2.2 The Differences Between Blended Learning and Lecturing

Method ............................................................................................................ 39

Table 3.1 Time Schedule for the Research ...................................................... 61

Table 3.2 Factorial Design 2x2 ........................................................................ 62

Table 3.3 Readibility of Writing Test .............................................................. 65

Table 3.4 Readability of Creativity Test .......................................................... 67

Table 4.1 The Frequency Distribution of Data A1 ........................................... 75

Table 4.2 The Fequency Distribution of Data A2 ............................................ 76

Table 4.3 The Fequency Distribution of Data B1 ............................................. 77

Table 4.4 The Fequency Distribution of Data B2 ............................................. 78

Table 4.5 The Fequency Distribution of Data A1B1 ........................................ 79

Table 4.6 The Fequency Distribution of Data A1B2 ........................................ 80

Table 4.7 The Frequency Distribution of Data A2B1 ....................................... 81

Table 4.8 The Frequency Distribution of Data A2B2 ....................................... 82

Table 4.9 The Summary of Normality Test ................................................... 86

Table 4.10 The Summary of Homogeneity Test .............................................. 87

Table 4.11 The Mean Score ............................................................................. 88

Table 4.12 The Summary of Multifactors Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)

2x2 .................................................................................................................... 88

Table 4.13 The Summary of Tukey Test ......................................................... 90


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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 4.1 Histogram and Polygon of Data A1 ................................................ 75

Figure 4.2 Histogram and Polygon of Data A2 ................................................ 76

Figure 4.3 Histogram and Polygon of Data B1 ................................................ 77

Figure 4.4 Histogram and Polygon of Data B2 ................................................ 78

Figure 4.5 Histogram and Polygon of Data A1B1 ............................................ 79





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LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendix 1 Sylabus ......................................................................................... 111

Appendix 2 Lesson Plan of Experimental Class ............................................. 118

Appendix 3 Lesson Plan of Control Class ....................................................... 164

Appendix 4 Instrument of Creativity Test ....................................................... 210

Appendix 4.1 Blueprint of Creativity Test ....................................................... 210

Appendix 4.2 Instrument of Creativity Test .................................................... 211

Appendix 4.3 Scoring of Creativity Test ......................................................... 220

Appendix 4.4 Questionnaire of Creativity Instruction ..................................... 221

Appendix 5 Readability Result of Creativity Instrument ................................. 222

Appendix 6 Instrument of Writing Test ........................................................... 223

Appendix 6.1 Blueprint of Writing Test .......................................................... 223

Appendix 6.2 Instrument of Writing Test ........................................................ 224

Appendix 6.3 Scoring of Writing Test ............................................................. 225

Appendix 6.4 Questionnaire of Writing Instruction ........................................ 227

Appendix 7 Readability Result of Writing Instrument .................................... 228

Appendix 8 Students‟ Creativity Scores ........................................................ 229

Appendix 9 Writing Scores .............................................................................. 230

Appendix 9.1 Post Test Students‟ Writing Scores Experimental (A1) ............ 230

Appendix 9.2 Post Test Students‟ Writing Scores Control (A2) ...................... 231

Appendix 10 Students‟ Creativity and Writing Scores .................................... 232

Appendix 10.1 Students‟ Creativity and Writing Scores Experimental .......... 232

Appendix 10.2 Students‟ Creativity and Writing Scores Control .................... 233

Appendix 11 Descriptive Statistics .................................................................. 234

Appendix 12 Normality Test .......................................................................... 242

Appendix 13 Homogeneity Test ...................................................................... 250

Appendix 14 ANOVA 2x2 Multifactor Analysis Variance ............................. 251

Appendix 15 The Result of Tukey Test ........................................................... 252

Appendix 16 Table of Critical Values for t Distribution ................................. 253

Appendix 17 Table of the Standard Normal Distribution ................................ 254

Appendix 18 Table of Critical Values for the Liliefors (Normality Test) ....... 255

Appendix 19 Table of the Chi Square Distribution (Homogeneity) ................ 256

Appendix 20 Table of Critical Values for F Distribution ................................ 257

Appendix 21 Table of Critical Values for Tukey test .................................... 259

Appendix 22 Example of Students‟ Writing .................................................... 260

Appendix 23 Pictures of Students‟ Activity .................................................... 262

Appendix 24 Letter of Research Permission .................................................... 264

Appendix 25 Letter of Having Conducted Research ....................................... 265

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