The Effect of Micro Bubbles and Bulbous Bow on the Aerodynamic Efficiency of a Boat Harry Kucharczyk
Dec 31, 2015
The Effect of Micro Bubbles and Bulbous Bow on the Aerodynamic
Efficiency of a BoatHarry Kucharczyk
Need$438 Million
spent on annual boating fuel (Lipton 95)
99.8% of goods are transported by ships
Carbon Dioxide emissions continue to rise
www.unido-ichet.org
Knowledge BaseBulbous Bow o Reduces shock wave
o Decrease in friction drag
http://www.globalsecurity.org
www.marinefirefighting.com
Knowledge BaseMicro Bubbles
• Inserted in the boundary layer
• Decreased viscosity and density of the fluid
www.impactlab.com
Literature ReviewMcCormick
and Bhattchara (76)- pioneer microbubble study
Literature ReviewMadavan (84)- location and
distribution are essentialKato (94)- reduced skin
friction drag by 80% through the use of microbubbles
Literature Review Kodama (00)-
Literature ReviewKyriazis (1988)
Effect of Bulb Length (L) on Total Resistance
Effect of Bulb Diameter (D) on Total Resistance
Engineering GoalsExamine the effects of passive and active flow
control in boat drag reduction
PurposeReduce skin friction drag by using methods
of passive and active flow control
Boat with Bulbous Bow
Measure mass and acceleration to calculate the force
Analyze data using SPSS One Way ANOVA and a Scheffe post Hoc test.
Insert Microbubbles in the Boundary Layer using a porous plate (200-400
micrometers)
Normal Boat
Attach Boat to Ship Drag Measurement Calculator
The Effect of Micro Bubbles and Bulbous Bow on the Aerodynamic Efficiency of a Boat
Experimental Setup
Porous Plate
Bulbous Bow
Experimental Setup
weight
Accelerator sensor
Flow Directio
n
Experimental Setup (Top View)
Experimental Setup
Flow Directio
n
Force Meter
Experimental Setup (Top View)
Force Meter
Newton’s Second Law
Force = Acceleration X Mass
Force = Mass X (Velocity1 – Velocity2) (Time1 – Time2)
Do AbilityWater Tunnel is accessible in the lab Boat has already been constructedBulbous bow can easily be inserted into the
boatMicrobubbles can be made through simple
appliances
BudgetItem Vendor Category # Size Quantity Price
Water Tunnel Lab
Boat Lab
Porous Plates ICT International
0604D04-B15M1
5 in radius
5
Micro Aquarium Bubbler Rena 17163057048 2 in 1 $4.44
Air Injector Lab
Photogate & Pulley System Pasco ME-6838 1 $80.00
Pasport High Resolution Force Sensor
Pasco PS-2189 1 $139.00
Pasport Acceleration Sensor (2axis)
Pasco PS-2118 1 $105.00
Total $324.00
Bibliography Culley, Dennis. "Active Flow Control Laboratory." NASA - Active Flow Control. NASA. 29 Feb. 2008
<http://www.grc.nasa.gov/cdtb/facilities/flowcontrollab.html>. Donovan, John, and Linda Kral. "Active Flow Control Applied to an Airfoil." American Institute of
Aeronautics (1998). Kato, H., Miyanaga, M., Haramoto, Y. & Guin, M. M. 1994 Frictional drag reduction by injecting
bubbly water into turbulent boundary layer. Proc. 1994 Cavitation and Gas-Liquid Flow in Fluid Machinery and Devices ASME 190, 185-194.
Kodama, Y., Kakugawa, A., Takahashi, T., and Kawashina, H., 1999, “Experimental Study on Microbubbles and Their Applicability to Ships for Skin Friction Reduction”, 1st Int. Symp. on Turbulent Shear Flow Phenomena, Santa Barbara, U.S.A., pp.1-6.
Kyriazis, George. “Bulbous Bow Design Optimization for Fast Ships.” Naval Architecture (1996). Liou, William W. Microfluid mechanics. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2005. Lipton, Douglas W., and Scott Miller. "Recreational Boating in Maryland: An Economic Impact
Study, 1993-1994." 6 Mar. 1995. Maryland Marine Trades Conference. Madavan, N.K., Deutsch, S., Merkle C.L., 1984, “Reduction of Turbulent Skin Friction in
Microbuubbles”, Phys. Fluids, Vol. 27, pp.356-363. McCormick, M.E., Bhattacharyya, R., 1973, “Drag Reduction of a Submersible Hull by Electrolysis”,
Naval Engineers Journal, Vol.85, No.2, pp. 11-16. Pike, John. "Bulbous Bow." Global Security. 7 Oct. 2006. <http://www.globalsecurity.org>. Scott, Jeff. "Vortex Generators." Aerospaceweb.org | Reference for Aviation, Space, Design, and
Engineering. 14 Jan. 2001. <http://www.aerospaceweb.org/question/aerodynamics/q0009.shtml>. Washington University in St. Louis (2009, March 18). Engineer Devises Ways To Improve Gas
Mileage. ScienceDaily Yoshida, Y., Takahashi, Y., Kato, H., et al. 1998A, “Study on the Mechanism of Resistance Reduction
by Means of Micro-Bubble Sheet and on Applicability of the Method to Full-Scale Ship“, 22nd ONR Symp. on Ship Hydrodynamics, pp.1-16.