This unit introduces the subject of how we map the Earth. It explains the different types of maps we use and how to use them. Unit outline The Earth 1 The Earth Know how to Learn about different types of maps and how to read them Find out about continents and oceans Final task Find your way and calculate distances with a map Globes Maps Types of maps Parts of a map Using a compass Oceans and continents SUGGESTED TIMING FOR THE UNIT October November December 6 A
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This unit introduces the subject of how we map the Earth. It explains the different types of maps we use and how to use them.
Unit outline
The Earth 1
The Earth
Know how toLearn about different types
of maps and how to read themFind out about continents
and oceans
Final taskFind your way and calculate
distances with a map
Globes
Maps
Types of maps
Parts of a map
Using a compass
Oceans and continents
SUGGESTED TIMING FOR THE UNIT
October November December
6 A
Unit contents
CONTENTS
• Globes and maps
• Types of maps
• Parts of a map
• Using a compass
• Oceans and continents
VOCABULARY AND STRUCTURES
• Globes and maps: axis, Equator, Northern / Southern Hemisphere, North / South Pole, globe, physical map, political map, thematic map, world map; compass rose, key, label, scale
• Interpret maps using a key, compass rose and scale
• Follow instructions to use a compass
• Find out about continents and oceans from a map and globe
WORK WITH THE PICTURE
• Explain where oceans and continents are, using the points of a compass
SPEAKING • Talk about the job of a cartographer
WRITING
• Write definitions for a globe and a map
• Write what is to the north, south, east and west of the school
• Write definitions of an ocean and a continent
FINAL TASK• Use a map to find your way and calculate
distances
VALUES EDUCATION
• Understanding the importance of taking precautions in the natural environment
• Appreciating the usefulness of being able to give directions around town
6 B
1 The Earth
1.1 Don't get lost in the woods!
Remember the story of Hansel and Gretel? The children leave a trail of crumbs in the woods so that they can find their way home. But birds eat the crumbs and the children get lost. They end up in the wicked witch’s house.
What a shame they didn’t have a map and a compass! Or even better, a GPS device. A map and a compass help you to find your way. A GPS device tells you exactly where you are, and shows you how to get to where you want to go. It works by receiving signals from artificial satellites in the sky.
Today, it is not so easy to get lost in the woods!
signal, woods; receive; trail of crumbs, what a shame
Presentation• Sslookatthepicture.Say:The
person is using a GPS to help him find the way through the woods. The GPS shows you exactly where you are.Thensay:Point to the GPS. Point to the place where the person is.
Practice• Ask:Do you know the story of
Hansel and Gretel? What happens? Elicit answers.
Play track 1.1Song. Sslistenandread.Ask:What do Hansel and Gretel use to help them find the way home? What happened to their trail?Thenask:What can we use today to help us find our way?Explainthattodaywehavesignposts to show us how to get from one place to another. We alsohavemaps,compasses andGPSdevices.
• Explain:In this unit you will learn about maps and how they show the Earth.
aredoingineachpicture.Giveanexample:In this picture, there are four children looking at a map.
Read and understand• Readthequestions.Elicitanswers
fromthewholeclass.Sslookat thephoto.Givethewordcompass. Ask:Why do we use a compass? What other device can we use today to find the way?(AGPSdevice.)
• Givehelpwiththespeakingtask.Elicit an example. Write an example ontheboard:I think a GPS device is useful because it can help you (find your way/if you are lost). In pairs,Sssharetheirideas:I think a GPS device is useful because …
Know how to• Sslookatthepicture.Say:What
is the girl doing? Why is she looking at a map?
• Explain:In this unit you will learn about different types of maps and how to read them.
• Explainthefinaltask:In this unit you will learn how to find your way and calculate distances with a map.
What do you remember?• Readthefirsttext.Insmallgroups,
Equator, Northern Hemisphere, North Pole, Southern Hemisphere, South Pole; artificial satellite, axis, cartographer, globe, physical map, political map, thematic map, world map
Presentation• Bringinaglobe.Ask:What is this?
What information can we get from it? Point to the top and bottom of theglobe.Ask:What do we call these points?ThenshowSsaworldmap.Ask:How is the map different to the globe?
Practice Play track 1.2.Sslistenandread.
Ask:What shape is the Earth? What is the Equator? Which hemisphere do we live in?
• Explainthatmapsalsogiveusinformation about the surface of the Earth.
Play track 1.3.Sslistenandread.Ask:What do cartographers do? How do they make maps?
• Sstaketurnstofindthesame place on the globe and map.
• Ask:Where is Spain on the globe/map?Thensay:Find the ocean between South America and Africa. Ask:What is the ocean called? (TheAtlantic.)
Play track 1.4.Sslistenandread.Ask:Which maps show the whole of the Earth’s surface? What are the three types of maps?
• Say:Point to the political map. Then ask: What do the different colours show?
• Say:Point to the physical map. Ask: What do the colours show on this map? Which land is the lowest? Which is the highest?
• Ask:What does the third map show? What is used to show the different features?
Activities1 Sscopythediagramoftheglobe
intheirnotebooks.Then,theyreadthe labels on the globe in the ‘Globes’sectionandanswerthequestions.
2 Reviewtheworkofacartographerasaclass.Ask:How do cartographers get photos of the Earth? What do the cartographers do with this information?Ssexplain what a cartographer does to a partner.
3 Drawapictureofaglobeandamapontheboard.AskSs:What are the main features of a globe? Thenask:What are the main features of a map?Sscomplete theactivityintheirnotebooks.
Different parts of a map tell us about the land that it represents. On a map, there are labels, a key, a scale and a compass rose.
1.5
Labels. This is the text on the map. The text tells us the names of the places. On this physical map of Mallorca, the text also tells us the names of the features.
Maps have different parts: labels, a key, a scale and a compass rose.
The key. This is the box that explains the symbols and colours on the map.
The compass rose. A map shows the four points of the compass (North, South, East and West) with their initials N, S, E and W. It helps us to find different places.
es Malgrats
sa Dragonera
Bayof Palma
CapeCala Figuera
Bay of sa Ràpita
Conills/Conejera
Cape ses Salines
n'Amer Point
Bay of son Servera
Cape Ferrutx
Cape des PinarBay of PollençaCape Formentor
Cabod'Artrutx
Torre
ntde
Mur
o
Torr
ent n
aBo
rges
M e d i t e r r a n e a n
S e a
MENORCA
Sierra
de
Tram
untana
Si
errasdeL levant
MALLORCA
Bayof Alcúdia
CapdeperaPoint
Sierrade
Alfàb
ia
Sierra
T. de Sant MiquelPuig Major
1,436 m
el Toro362 m
Ciutadellade Menorca
Puig de Masanella1,365 m
Puig de Randa543 m
Puig deSant Salvador
510 m
Puig de son Morei561 md’ArtàMassif
deCalicant
Puig de Galatzó1,026 m
Calvià
Inca
Llucmajor
ManacorPalma
Sa Pobla
644537_U03_p008_h1_Baleares_�sico
N
S
EW
PLA
0−400400−1,000more than 1,000
Peaks
HEIGHT (metres)
CapitalCities
Scale0 850,000 cm
`
The scale. This is a line with numbers. The number on the right shows how many times the real distance is reduced on the map.
The scale is also used for calculating distance.
0 850,000This line shows the distance on
the map. It measures 1 cm.
This number shows the real distance. 1 cm of this map is equivalent to the real distance of 850,000 cm.
A compass is a device that helps you to find your way. It shows the four points of the compass. ‘N’ is for North, ‘S’ is for South, ‘W’ is for West and ‘E’ is for East. A compass has a magnetic needle that always points North.
A GPS device also helps you to find your way. It shows a map on its screen, and it shows you exactly where you are. It also tells you how to get to where you want to go.
ACTIVITIES
1 WRITING. Write what you can see to the north, south, east and west of your school.
2 Find the city of Palma on the map on page 10. How does the map show it?
3 Look at this street map of Palma. What is its scale? How many times is the real distance reduced? How many times is the real distance reduced on the map on page 10?
4 THINK ABOUT IT. In which of the two maps can you see the streets? Why is this?
Paseo de la Ribamotorway
Jaume III Avenue
Conde de
Barcelona
Andrea
Avenue
Gabrie
l Roc
a Ave
nue
Marqués de La Senia
Paseo Marítimo
HARBOUR OF PALMA
Mediterranean Sea
Doria
Mallor
ca
Paseo
Sa FeixinaSquare
644537_U01_09_plano Palma
0 200,000 cm
644537_U01_09_plano Palma escala
N E
W S
1.7
N
N
E
S
W
eleven 11
To use a compass, hold it flat in your hand. Do not move. The magnetic needle points North.
Slowly turn the compass so that the needle and ‘N’ come together. You are now facing North.
The compass shows us the direction of the points of the compass.
compass rose, device, direction, height, initial, key, label, magnetic needle, point (n), scale, screen; face (v), hold, move, point (v), reduce, turn
Presentation• Drawarectangleontheboard.
Say:This represents the classroom. Ask:What features can I add? Elicitsomeexamples:desks,tables,bookcase,etc.Thenask:How can I represent the desks and tables? How can I represent windows and doors?
• Explain:When we draw maps, we represent different features using symbols.Givesomeexamplesfromtheclassroom:adesk=asmallsquare;achair=anarrowrectangle.Drawthemintherectangle on the board.
Practice• Say:Look at the map of Mallorca.
Ask:What type of map is it? (Physical.)Thenask:What physical features can you see on the map? (Mountains,theMediterranean, highlandandlowland.)How are mountains represented on the map?(Triangles.)
Play track 1.5. Sslistenandread.Ask:What can you find on a map? What information do labels give us?Askfurtherquestions:What feature explains the symbols and colours on a map? What is written on a compass rose? What is a scale?
fornationalmaps,regionalmapsandtownmaps.Thentheysuggestwhomight use the different maps.
10
LEARN MORE1.6
1
Finding your way
A compass is a device that helps you to find your way. It shows the four points of the compass. ‘N’ is for North, ‘S’ is for South, ‘W’ is for West and ‘E’ is for East. A compass has a magnetic needle that always points North.
A GPS device also helps you to find your way. It shows a map on its screen, and it shows you exactly where you are. It also tells you how to get to where you want to go.
ACTIVITIES
1 WRITING. Write what you can see to the north, south, east and west of your school.
2 Find the city of Palma on the map on page 10. How does the map show it?
3 Look at this street map of Palma. What is its scale? How many times is the real distance reduced? How many times is the real distance reduced on the map on page 10?
4 THINK ABOUT IT. In which of the two maps can you see the streets? Why is this?
Paseo de la Ribamotorway
Jaume III Avenue
Conde de
Barcelona
Andrea
Avenue
Gabrie
l Roc
a Ave
nue
Marqués de La Senia
Paseo Marítimo
HARBOUR OF PALMA
Mediterranean Sea
Doria
Mallor
ca
Paseo
Sa FeixinaSquare
644537_U01_09_plano Palma
0 200,000 cm
644537_U01_09_plano Palma escala
N E
W S
1.7
N
N
E
S
W
eleven 11
To use a compass, hold it flat in your hand. Do not move. The magnetic needle points North.
Slowly turn the compass so that the needle and ‘N’ come together. You are now facing North.
The compass shows us the direction of the points of the compass.
• To learn the names and locations of the continents and oceans
• To learn how to read a world map
Key language• Keyvocabularyandstructures:
border, continent (Africa, America, Antarctica, Asia, Europe, Oceania), ocean (Antarctic, Arctic, Atlantic, Indian, Pacific), salt water; a quarter of, rise out of, so cold that, stretch
Presentation• Reviewthefeaturesofaglobe.Then
showSsaworldmap.Ask:How is the world map different to a globe?
Practice Play track 1.8. Sslistenandread.
Ask:Which ocean is the largest? What is in the Arctic Ocean and the Antarctic Ocean? How many oceans are there? What are they?
• Write on the board or dictate these gappedsentences: America is between the and the . The
is in the Southern Hemisphere. The Arctic Ocean is in the Hemisphere. The is between Africa and Oceania. Europe and are connected. The continent the furthest south is .Inpairs, Ssusethemaptofillinthegaps.
Playtrack1.9 oftheClassAudio.Sslisten and compare their answers.
Work with the picture• Say:Look at the map.Reviewthe
names of the oceans and continents. Then,Sswritethenamesofthecontinents which border each ocean intheirnotebooks.
• AskSs:What is the furthest place north called? What is the name of the ocean?Ask:What is in the southern part of the map?
• Ask:Which continents are separate? Which continents are connected?
• Ask:Which ocean is divided into two parts on the map?
in the middle and maps that show different continents and countries as differentsizes.Sstrytofindoutwhythesemapsaredifferent.Sspresenttheir research with presentation software such as PowerPoint.
12
1
Europe is the continent where Spain is.
Africa is the hottest continent.
America is the longest continent. It stretches almost from the North Pole to the South Pole.
There are six continents on the Earth: Asia, America, Africa, Antarctica, Europe and Oceania.
Continents
Continents are large areas of land that rise out of the oceans. Continents take up a quarter of the Earth’s surface.
There are six continents: Asia, America, Africa, Europe, Oceania and Antarctica.
1.10
ACTIVITIES
1 WRITING. What is a continent? And what is an ocean? Write definitions.
2 Answer the questions.
Which is the biggest ocean?
Which oceans have very cold water?
Asia is the largest continent.
Antarctica is covered in ice. It is so cold that nobody lives there.
Oceania is the smallest continent and it has lots of islands.
read.Ask:What are continents? How many continents are there? Thenask:Which continent is the largest? Which continent is the hottest? Which continents are next to Europe?Ssanswerquestionsas a class.
Activities1 Reviewwhatacontinentisand
what an ocean is. Elicit and write keywordsontheboard(large area, land, rise out of; salt water, cover, most, Earth’s surface, connected).Inpairs,Sswritedefinitions using the prompts.
2 Reviewtheinformationabout theoceansandcontinents.Ask:Which continents are separate from the others? (Oceania and America.)Which ocean is the furthest north?(TheArcticOcean.)Sscompletetheactivityintheirnotebooks.
amapoftheworld.Then,askthemtofindoutthelocationofcountriesandcapitalcitiesonthecontinentandmarkthemonthemap.Sssharetheirmaps with the class.
Visual-spatial
intelligence
13
Find your way with the map.
1 Look at this map of a summer camp. Imagine you have this map and a compass. Copy the map into your notebook.
2 Where is each picture explained? Use the information below, and draw these pictures in the correct places on your map:
a tree to the west of the tower a statue to the south of the lake
3 Draw this route on your map:
from the cabin to the bridge from the bridge to the tower
from the tower to the lake
4 Write which direction you have to take for each stage of Activity 3. Follow the example:
from the cabin to the bridge: South
5 Did you use a compass or a compass rose to help you? Why?
Calculate distances with the scale.
6 With a ruler, measure the distance between the tower and the mountains on the map. Calculate the real distance using the scale on the map. What is the real distance between the bridge and the lake?
KNOW HOW TO
Find your way and calculate distances with a map
Some small maps represent areas of the Earth on a much smaller scale.
We can represent the Earth as a or on maps. Maps are pictures that represent parts of the Earth. show the whole of the Earth. Maps can be , political or thematic. On a map, there are , a key, a scale and a rose.
2 USE YOUR ATLAS. Trace the world map into your notebook. Then colour each continent in a different colour. Write the names of the continents and the oceans.
3 THINK ABOUT IT. Imagine you are going to travel around the world. Can you travel only by boat? Or only by car? Explain.
1FINAL ACTIVITIES
Show your skills
N
w E
S
1.11
fifteen 15
Choose one of these activities:
A. ICT. Choose a continent and make a poster about it. Search the Internet for a map of your continent and photos of its landscapes, cities, etc. Stick them on the poster.
B. Draw a map with mountains, a river and a cave. Think about a place to hide some treasure and mark it on the map. Do not forget to include a key.
C. Explain the differences between a globe and a world map.
• To use simple compass directions and calculate distances using a map
Key language• Keyvocabularyandstructures:
bridge, cabin, distance, lake, statue, tower
Presentation• Sslookbackatthetextsabout
calculating distances using a scale (onpage10)andusingacompass(onpage11).Ask:What is the scale in the maps on pages 10 and 11?
• Sslookatthemap.Ask:What is the scale in this map?(1cm=20,000cm.)
• ExplaintoSsthatyoucandescribea route using a map and compass.
Practice• Copythemapandkeyonthe
board.Ask:Which symbol is the cabin? Which symbol is the bridge? Thenask:What is north of the bridge?Sscopythemapintotheirnotebooks.
• Ask:Where can I find out what the pictures mean?Thenask:What picture can we use for a statue? Ssdrawthepicturesonthemap.
• ReviewwhatN,S,EandWmean.Ask:Which direction do you take from the lake to the tower?(North.)Which direction do you take from the tower to the mountains?(West.)Readtheroutealoudwiththeclass.Sslistenandfollow.Ssdrawtheroute on their map.
• Explain that we can describe directions that are halfway between the main compass points with these words:north-east, north-west, south-east, south-west.
different places of interest on the map and calculate the distances. Then they write a short text describing the different places on the route and the distancesbetweeneachplace.Theypresenttheirworktotheclass.
We can represent the Earth as a or on maps. Maps are pictures that represent parts of the Earth. show the whole of the Earth. Maps can be , political or thematic. On a map, there are , a key, a scale and a rose.
2 USE YOUR ATLAS. Trace the world map into your notebook. Then colour each continent in a different colour. Write the names of the continents and the oceans.
3 THINK ABOUT IT. Imagine you are going to travel around the world. Can you travel only by boat? Or only by car? Explain.
1FINAL ACTIVITIES
Show your skills
N
w E
S
1.11
fifteen 15
Choose one of these activities:
A. ICT. Choose a continent and make a poster about it. Search the Internet for a map of your continent and photos of its landscapes, cities, etc. Stick them on the poster.
B. Draw a map with mountains, a river and a cave. Think about a place to hide some treasure and mark it on the map. Do not forget to include a key.
C. Explain the differences between a globe and a world map.
What are the continents? What are the oceans? What is in the bottom left corner of the map?(Acompassrose.)
Practice 1 Sscopythetextintotheir
notebooksandfillinthegaps.
Play track 1.11oftheClassAudio.Sslistenandchecktheiranswers.
2 Explain that to trace the map the correctwayround,Ssneedtotraceoverthemaponce,thenturnthetracingpaperover,traceoverthe lines carefully and then turn the paperbacksotherightsideisfacing them. Then they can trace themapintotheirnotebooks.
3 Sslookbackatthepagesonoceansandcontinents.Inpairs,theylookattheworldmapanduse their fingers to trace different routes.Ask:If you go by boat, which route will you take?