The Early Modern Period 1450-1750 CE UNIT 4 APWH EXAM REVIEW
Welcome message from author
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
The Early Modern Period1450-1750 CE
The Early Modern Period1450-1750 CE
UNIT 4APWH EXAM REVIEW
UNIT 4APWH EXAM REVIEW
MAJOR CHANGESMAJOR CHANGES
World becomes global - exploration; technological innovations; political organizations; trade
Domination of Maritime trade - shift from land based trade in Classical and Post-Classical Periods
Decline of nomadic groups and their power
Shift in labor systems Gunpowder Empires
World becomes global - exploration; technological innovations; political organizations; trade
Domination of Maritime trade - shift from land based trade in Classical and Post-Classical Periods
Decline of nomadic groups and their power
Shift in labor systems Gunpowder Empires
Major Early Modern Empires
Major Early Modern Empires
Spain Portugal England France The Netherlands Russia
Spain Portugal England France The Netherlands Russia
Gunpowder Empires: Ottoman Empire Tokugawa Japan Safavid Persia Ming China Mughal India
Gunpowder Empires: Ottoman Empire Tokugawa Japan Safavid Persia Ming China Mughal India
The Ottoman Empire1299-1923
The Ottoman Empire1299-1923
Founded by Osman 1453: take Constantinople and end Byz.
Empire Take control of land on 3 continents - From
Iraq in the east, North Africa to the South; Balkans to the East
Sultan (supreme leader) w/ a bureaucracy Strong army (Janissaries); Slave labor Religiously and culturally tolerant Emphasized Merchant class Women have right to own property
Founded by Osman 1453: take Constantinople and end Byz.
Empire Take control of land on 3 continents - From
Iraq in the east, North Africa to the South; Balkans to the East
Sultan (supreme leader) w/ a bureaucracy Strong army (Janissaries); Slave labor Religiously and culturally tolerant Emphasized Merchant class Women have right to own property
Mughal India
1526-1858
Mughal India
1526-1858 Descendants of Mongol invaders and Muslim merchants in Northern India
Included India, Pakistan and Afghanistan
Strong military, funded by high taxes
Those in military earn pieces of land, which makes regional princes upset
Muslim leaders over Hindu majority - religiously tolerant (they have to be!)
Creation of new religion: Sikhism (Islam and Hinduism)
Great architectural feats - Taj Mahal
Descendants of Mongol invaders and Muslim merchants in Northern India
Included India, Pakistan and Afghanistan
Strong military, funded by high taxes
Those in military earn pieces of land, which makes regional princes upset
Muslim leaders over Hindu majority - religiously tolerant (they have to be!)
Creation of new religion: Sikhism (Islam and Hinduism)
Great architectural feats - Taj Mahal
Tokugawa Japan1600-1868
Tokugawa Japan1600-1868
Tokugawa family unite regional daimyos under one government
Capital: Edo (Tokyo) Opposed to European presence in Asia (after
seeing Spanish take over Philippines; did not want Europeans to appeal to daimyos to overthrow gov’t)
1630s: close Japan from European influences No travel to Europe; no Europeans in Japan except
Dutch traders (limited)
Tokugawa family unite regional daimyos under one government
Capital: Edo (Tokyo) Opposed to European presence in Asia (after
seeing Spanish take over Philippines; did not want Europeans to appeal to daimyos to overthrow gov’t)
1630s: close Japan from European influences No travel to Europe; no Europeans in Japan except
Dutch traders (limited)
Ming China1368-1644Ming China1368-1644
Follow Yuan dynasty (Mongols) Promote initial exploration - Zheng He;
eventually recalled to deal with internal problems
Neo-Confucianism Silk Road begins to decline b/c of maritime
trade Cultural contributions: porcelain; paintings At end of dynasty, very inept rulers; prone
to rebellions and outside attacks
Follow Yuan dynasty (Mongols) Promote initial exploration - Zheng He;
eventually recalled to deal with internal problems
Neo-Confucianism Silk Road begins to decline b/c of maritime
trade Cultural contributions: porcelain; paintings At end of dynasty, very inept rulers; prone
to rebellions and outside attacks
Qing ChinaQing China Overthrown Ming Dynasty in 1644 (last until
1911) Led by Manchus (from Manchuria) – viewed
as outsiders by rest of China Pre-1750: very strong empire; promote
Mandate of Heaven; forbid intermarriage between Manchus and Chinese
Golden Age of Chinese civilization - good, long-serving rulers; promotion of Confucianism, education and military might
React favorably to Catholic missionaries; increase trade with Europeans and open ports for trade
Overthrown Ming Dynasty in 1644 (last until 1911)
Led by Manchus (from Manchuria) – viewed as outsiders by rest of China
Pre-1750: very strong empire; promote Mandate of Heaven; forbid intermarriage between Manchus and Chinese
Golden Age of Chinese civilization - good, long-serving rulers; promotion of Confucianism, education and military might
React favorably to Catholic missionaries; increase trade with Europeans and open ports for trade
Safavid Persia1501-1736
Safavid Persia1501-1736
Shi’a Islam Founded by Ismail Lack of religious tolerance – goes to war with
Ottomans to convert them; Safavids lose Capital: Isfahan - great city planning;
mosques Difficult to expand due to being surrounded
by other empires - Arab empires, Ottomans, Mughals
Shi’a Islam Founded by Ismail Lack of religious tolerance – goes to war with
Ottomans to convert them; Safavids lose Capital: Isfahan - great city planning;
mosques Difficult to expand due to being surrounded
by other empires - Arab empires, Ottomans, Mughals
Age of ExplorationAge of Exploration Portugal - exploration and colonization – Prince
Henry the Navigator; important in early slave trade; first to set up trading centers in Africa’s coast (factories)/ trade directly with India and China; Brazil
Spain - Isabella and Ferdinand; exploration and colonization; expelled Muslims and Jews from Spain (Inquisition); control most of Latin America and southern North America; crucial in beginning of slave trade
Treaty of Tordesillas – divides South America between Spain and Portugal
Portugal - exploration and colonization – Prince Henry the Navigator; important in early slave trade; first to set up trading centers in Africa’s coast (factories)/ trade directly with India and China; Brazil
Spain - Isabella and Ferdinand; exploration and colonization; expelled Muslims and Jews from Spain (Inquisition); control most of Latin America and southern North America; crucial in beginning of slave trade
Treaty of Tordesillas – divides South America between Spain and Portugal
Age of ExplorationAge of Exploration England
Power from trade and colonization
British East India Company Mercantilism Strong naval force - defeat
Spanish Armada Colonies on Eastern
seaboard of N.America Strong limited government
(monarchy) with Parliament
Queen Elizabeth I
England Power from trade and
colonization British East India Company Mercantilism Strong naval force - defeat
Spanish Armada Colonies on Eastern
seaboard of N.America Strong limited government
(monarchy) with Parliament
Queen Elizabeth I
France Power through
trade and colonization (Northern parts of North America)
Traders; Trappers Louis XIV - absolute
monarch; Palace of Versailles
France Power through
trade and colonization (Northern parts of North America)
Traders; Trappers Louis XIV - absolute
monarch; Palace of Versailles
Social and Gender Change in Early Modern Europe
Social and Gender Change in Early Modern Europe
Major cities develop - Paris, London, Amsterdam
Rise of small middle class (much bigger in Industrial Revolution)
Rising gap between rich and poor Later marriage ages; decline in arranged
marriage Some women become educated Renaissance and Reformation change views
of European society
Major cities develop - Paris, London, Amsterdam
Rise of small middle class (much bigger in Industrial Revolution)
Rising gap between rich and poor Later marriage ages; decline in arranged
marriage Some women become educated Renaissance and Reformation change views
of European society
Early Modern Russia Early Modern Russia Post-Classical Mongol control of Russia hurts most of the
region, except for Moscow, which benefits from the tax collection; feudalism increases; behind in trade and technological development
Romanov Family dominates Expansion east – use of Cossacks Peter the Great - Westernization; St. Petersburg; warm
water port Catherine the Great; appeal to upper classes (boyars);
likes idea of Westernization, but doesn’t implement it as well as Peter
Both treat peasants terribly
Post-Classical Mongol control of Russia hurts most of the region, except for Moscow, which benefits from the tax collection; feudalism increases; behind in trade and technological development
Romanov Family dominates Expansion east – use of Cossacks Peter the Great - Westernization; St. Petersburg; warm
water port Catherine the Great; appeal to upper classes (boyars);
likes idea of Westernization, but doesn’t implement it as well as Peter
Both treat peasants terribly
Exploration and Colonization of the Americas - Consequences
Exploration and Colonization of the Americas - Consequences
Decimation of indigenous peoples - Aztecs, Incas, Native Americans (90%)
Spread of Disease - smallpox, tuberculosis
Columbian Exchange: animals and crops Rise in coercive labor – Encomiendas;
Slave labor European access to raw materials (silver,
sugar, cotton, tobacco)
Decimation of indigenous peoples - Aztecs, Incas, Native Americans (90%)
Spread of Disease - smallpox, tuberculosis
Columbian Exchange: animals and crops Rise in coercive labor – Encomiendas;
Slave labor European access to raw materials (silver,
sugar, cotton, tobacco)
Coercive or Forced Labor SystemsCoercive or Forced Labor Systems
Type of labor system
Location Demographic Impact
Treatment of Slaves
Status of Slaves
Slave Trade (Trans-Saharan and East Africa)
East Africa Mostly women and lower-class
women
Part of property
Plantation System (Atlantic
Slave Trade)
Caribbean; North and South
America
15-25 million slaves to the
Americas
Middle Passage; silver mining;
agricultural and domestic work
Not much social mobility in early modern period
Janissaries Ottoman Empire; young
boys from Eastern Europe
Military Service; forced
conversion to Islam
Some social mobility
Serfdom Eastern EuropeRussiaJapan
Becomes very similar to slavery
Some mobility
Early Modern Demographic Changes
Early Modern Demographic Changes
Rise in population in Europe Decrease in population in Americas
15th century: 67 million living in North, Central and south America
1700: 13 million in all of western hemisphere Africa: slave trade hurt, but not decimate
African demographics By 1700: doubled population in 1000 CE Western Africa only area really impacted by ST
Asia: between 1000 and 1700 CE - population almost doubles
Rise in population in Europe Decrease in population in Americas
15th century: 67 million living in North, Central and south America
1700: 13 million in all of western hemisphere Africa: slave trade hurt, but not decimate
African demographics By 1700: doubled population in 1000 CE Western Africa only area really impacted by ST
Asia: between 1000 and 1700 CE - population almost doubles
Major European Cultural and Intellectual Developments
Major European Cultural and Intellectual Developments Renaissance (15th
and 16th centuries) Starts in Italy
(humanism; less focus on church; Machiavelli; secular paintings; architecture)
Spreads to Northern Europe (still focused on religion)
Renaissance (15th and 16th centuries) Starts in Italy
(humanism; less focus on church; Machiavelli; secular paintings; architecture)
Spreads to Northern Europe (still focused on religion)
Reformation 1517: Martin Luther
posts 95 Theses Question of authority of
Catholic Church Religion should be
personal; not corrupt Speaks out against
Indulgences Many religious wars
(Thirty Years War) Counter-Reformation
(Catholic Church’s attempt to stop conversion)
Reformation 1517: Martin Luther
posts 95 Theses Question of authority of
Catholic Church Religion should be
personal; not corrupt Speaks out against
Indulgences Many religious wars
(Thirty Years War) Counter-Reformation
(Catholic Church’s attempt to stop conversion)
Scientific Revolution World could be
explained through natural, rather than religious, laws
Sun center of the universe (heliocentric theory - Copernicus, Galileo)
Scientific Method Diffuses throughout
Europe and Americas
Scientific Revolution World could be
explained through natural, rather than religious, laws
Sun center of the universe (heliocentric theory - Copernicus, Galileo)
Scientific Method Diffuses throughout
Europe and Americas
Enlightenment Social Contract Theory-
people have a say in government (John Locke)
Natural Rights - life, liberty and property (John Locke)
Right to revolution and overthrow of government
Freedom of speech, press, and religion (Voltaire)
Challenges idea of divine right of kings
Diffuses through Europe and American colonies
Enlightenment Social Contract Theory-
people have a say in government (John Locke)
Natural Rights - life, liberty and property (John Locke)
Right to revolution and overthrow of government
Freedom of speech, press, and religion (Voltaire)
Challenges idea of divine right of kings
Diffuses through Europe and American colonies
Related Documents
