The Early Cold War: 1947-1970

The EarlyCold War:1947-1970

Ms. Susan M. Pojer and Mrs. Sophia Caramagno

Please do not talk at this time Oct 4

HW: Chapter 17.1 Cornell Notes- this will be pg. 36A

• Please get a Chart handout at the front of the room.

• Keep the White handout East Vs. West (Pg. 35A).

• Colored handouts are a class set! 1 per pair!

• Please take a minute to review what you know about Communism (Pg 13A-D)

Quick review of Communism and Capitalism

Communism Capitalism

Quick review of Communism and Capitalism

Communism Capitalism

Quick review of Communism and Capitalism

Communism Capitalism

Turn your paper to the West Vs. East Side.

I will give you a list of statements. Rewrite these statements in the

correct boxes. Put statements that apply to the

US in the US column. Put statements that apply to the

USSR in the USSR column. Put statements that apply to BOTH

in the Both column. You may simplify statements when

you rewrite them.Use your Prior Knowledge, Your

Communism/Fascism Cornell Notes (Pg 13A) and Chapter 17.1 to help you.

US Both USSR

Economy

Government

Weapons

Long-term goals

US Both USSR

Economy Believes in trade and profit at the expense of some of the people.Promotes Capitalism

Wants to spend money on technology and scienceSpent a large portion of the national budget on developing weapons and defense systems

The government should control wealth.The wealth of a country should be shared amongst the whole populationThere should be no competition because it could lead to extreme wealth and extreme poverty.Supports Socialism

Government Wants to control countries that Italy and Japan had conquered during WWIIDistrusts Stalin and his dictatorship.Wants to contain the spread of communism

Used propaganda as a means to influence other countries

Wants to control countries that Germany had conquered during WWIIDistrusts nations that did not come to its immediate aid during WWIIPromotes a weak GermanyWants to spread the influence of communism

Weapons Use whatever means they could, short of war, to gain influence with other countries.Builds up nuclear bombsArmed smaller countries with weaker weapons.

Long-term goals

Financially supported countries that ally themselves with the ideas of democracy and capitalism

Would like to limit the influence of the other.

Financially supported countries that ally themselves with the ideas of communism

Restoring the Peace

Consider the US and the USSR• Why would these two nations become enemies?• Why would they decide to divide up the world?• How is this decision related to economic systems?

Communism Vs. Capitalism

In Communism, all goods are collected from the whole territory (the larger, the more variety in goods) and redistributed to the population. There is NOTHING left over to trade with another country.

In Capitalism, trade is the only way to succeed. You MUST compete in the market and sell your goods as often as possible to as many people as possible to be successful.

Any Country that is Communist is Lost to the Americans.

Any Country that is Capitalist is Lost to the Russians.

Look at pg. 13A of your Notebook- Cornell Notes on Communism and Fascism.

Restoring the Peace

Please do not talk at this time Oct 7

HW: Please finish your DBQ handout. Documents online.

I am gone today. Please complete the Cold War Starts DBQ as your class assignment and finish it for Homework.

All Make Up Work/ Resubmissions and Late work must be turned in by Tuesday, Oct 15th to be included in the 1st quarter grade.

Please do not talk at this time Oct 8

HW: Vocab Word Maps for Cold War, Containment, Iron Curtain, Super Power- Pg 38A

Please check your Chpt. 17.1 Cornell Notes: Do they have Vocab, ASQ, BSQ, and a summary? Please have these out to be checked off for an On Time Grade.

All Make Up Work/ Resubmissions and Late work must be turned in by Tuesday, Oct 15th to be included in the 1st quarter grade.

Please do Vocab Word Maps for:

• Cold War- From just after WWII until 1991, when the U.S. and the U.S.S.R. competed with one another to increase influence around the world

• Containment- U.S. policy directed at blocking Soviet influence and stopping the expansion of communism.

• Iron Curtain- Europe’s division between mostly democratic Western Europe and Communist Eastern Europe

• Super Power- An extremely powerful nation capable of influencing international events and the acts and policies of less powerful nations.

Pg. 38A

S.C.I.B.A. Cartoon Analysis• Symbolism• Caricature• Irony• Background• Argument

Remember This!

Use the BASIC method to analyze this Cartoon on Pg. 39A

Symbolism

Caricatures

Irony

Background

Argument

Cold War Map Assignment Pg. 40A/B:

We will be taking graphic notes on this illustrated map.

You will also take lecture notes on the main events of the Cold War.

Your lecture notes can be in any form you want for this unit.

You can do Cornell Notes, bubble graphs, picture Notes, bullet notes…. Any thing you

want for lectures.

All these notes will be Page 40Have your Cold War DBQ out also

A World DividedThe Cold War is all about East Vs. West

Document 1: This is an excerpt from Winston Churchill’s “Iron Curtain” speech, March 5, 1946

 From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the continent. Behind that line lie all the capitals of the ancient states of Central and Eastern Europe. . . . All these famous cities and the populations around them lie in the Soviet sphere (under the “protection” of the USSR) and all are subject in one form or another, not only to Soviet influence but to a very high and increasing measure of control from Moscow.

 3. How is the “iron curtain” a dividing line?

Document 2: Excerpt from Winston Churchill’s “Iron Curtain” speech, March 5, 1946

 The Communist parties, which were very small in these Eastern European nations, have been raised to power far beyond their numbers and are seeking everywhere to obtain totalitarian control. Police governments are prevailing in nearly every case, and so far, except in Czechoslovakia, there is no true democracy. This is certainly not the liberated Europe we fought to build up. Nor is it one which contains the essentials of permanent peace.

4. Describe the type of governments that Churchill believes are governing Eastern Europe and how this contrasts with why the Allies fought in WWII.

Iron Curtain- A Physically Divided World

Illustrate the following event on your Cold War Map. Use Chpt. 17, Sec 1, and the next slide to

help you.

Turn to the map on pg. 532, Draw a line between Eastern and Western Europe to show where the Iron Curtain fell. Include the Line color in the Key on the

right

Add the Iron Curtain to your Lecture Notes and underline it.

1945- Iron Curtain- From a speech by Winston Churchill

The Iron Curtain was a symbol to show that Eastern and Western

Europe were separated completely. Nothing

could get through that imaginary barrier.

No People in or out.No ideas in or out.No goods in or out.

Russia feared their best, brightest most

creative people would leave for a less

structured life in the west and that

westerners would corrupt the Russians.

Please do not talk at this time Oct 9/10

Please get out your Vocab Word Maps and trade them with a partner

• Using the slides on the next page, Add to the vocab word maps.

HW: Cold War Personal Experience, Pg. 41A- Interview someone over 40 about the Cold War. Ask them about their experiences in the 50’s, 60’s, 70, and 80’s. Ask them what they remember about the events on your map or what they thought would happen to the world. Due MondayDon’t know anyone? Try Ms. LaMarche, Mr. St.Clair, or Mr. Grissom!

All Make Up Work/ Resubmissions and Late work must be turned in by Tuesday, Oct 15th to be included in the 1st quarter grade.

My Definition:

A conflict between the US and the USSR that included a war of ideas and competition for influence and resources but no actual direct fighting.

Related Words:

No Hot War: No direct fightingIron CurtainEspionageBrinkmanship

Examples:USA Vs. USSRCommunism Vs. CapitalismCuban Missile CrisisVietnam War

Glossary Definition: From just after WWII until 1991, when the U.S. and the U.S.S.R. competed with one another to increase influence around the world

Versions: NA

Picture:

Cold War

Pg. 37A

My Definition:USA attempts to limit Soviet power during the Cold War and prevent other countries from becoming communist.

Related Words:SurroundContain Isolate Box upEliminate- removing a piece from the playing board

Examples:Roach MotelUSA Vs. USSR- cold war

Glossary Definition: U.S. policy directed at blocking Soviet influence and stopping the expansion of communism.

Versions: Container

S o v ie ts In s id e

Picture:

Containment

Pg. 37A

My Definition:An imaginary line between the Capitalist West and the Communist East in Europe

Related Words:Communism Vs. CapitalismBerlin BlockadeDivider

Examples:Berlin WallEast Vs. WestCold War

Glossary Definition: Europe’s division between mostly democratic Western Europe and Communist Eastern Europe

Versions: NA

Picture:

Iron Curtain

Pg. 37A

My Definition:

A country so powerful they can affect and influence other countries and international policies

Related Words:

Cold WarWorld PowerInternational Influence

Examples:

USA, USSRChina todaySuperman

Glossary Definition: An extremely powerful nation capable of influencing international events and the acts and policies of less powerful nations.

Versions: NA

Picture:

Super Power

Pg. 37A

Economically Divided- Foreign Aid and the Cold War

Both the USA and the USSR wanted to avoid the kind of economic desperation that had helped Hitler rise to power. They knew they couldn't leave the countries of Europe with all the destruction and poverty left by WWII. They solved this problem by offering financial aid to the nations of Europe, and thus boosted their own economies as well.• The Marshal Plan• The Molotov Plan• The Truman Doctrine• US economic support of Batista in Cuba• Russian Economic Aid to Egypt to build the Aswan

Dam• US economic support of the Contras in Nicaragua• US economic support of the Shah in Iran

Document 3: This is an excerpt from Secretary of State Marshall’s speech explaining his plan for

European recovery, June 5, 1947 I need to say that the world situation is very serious. . . . Europe

must have a great deal of additional help, or face heavy economic, social, and political damage. This would have a harmful effect on the world at large. There are also possibilities of disturbances (fighting) because of the desperation of the people concerned...So the United States should do whatever it can to help restore normal economic health to the world. Without this there can be no political stability or peace. Our policy is directed not against any country or doctrine . . .[but] against hunger, poverty, desperation and chaos (disorder). Its purpose is to revive a working economy in the world.

5. Why did Secretary of State Marshall suggest this plan for European recovery?

Marshall Plan- 1947• “European Recovery

Program.”• Imagined by Secretary of

State, George Marshall• The U. S. should provide

aid to all European nations

that need it. • $12.5 billion of US aid to

Western Europe extended to Eastern Europe & USSR, (but this was rejected).

Cold War Map- Marshall Plan

• Color the following countries one color (your choice) on your map.

• In your map key (on the right), indicate that countries that color are members of the Marshall Plan

• Add the Marshall Plan to your Lecture Notes and underline it.

• Great Britain• France• Italy• West Germany• Netherlands• Austria• Belgium & Luxembourg • Greece• Denmark• Norway• Turkey• Ireland• Sweden• Portugal• Yugoslavia• Iceland

The Molotov Plan- 1947This economic plan was the USSR's answer to the Marshall Plan. It was exactly the same idea. These countries received money and help to rebuild in the image of the USSR- the Communist image.

Cold War Map- Molotov Plan• Soviet Union • Poland • Czechoslovaki

a • East Germany • Hungary • Bulgaria • Romania

• Color the following countries one color (your choice) on your map.

• In your map key (on the Left), indicate that countries that color are members of the Molotov Plan

• Add the Molotov Plan to your Lecture Notes and underline it.

Truman Doctrine 1947

• A Civil War broke out in Greece over limited resources. Local Communists looked like they might win.

• Turkey was under pressure from the Communist USSR to give up part of the Dardanelles. (The USSR wanted a warm water port.)

• Truman felt the U. S. should support free peoples throughout the world who were resisting Communists both inside or outside their borders.

• He made the Truman Doctrine US Policy.

Document 4: This is an excerpt from President Truman’s speech to Congress, March 12, 1947.

I believe it must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation (take over) by armed minorities or by outside pressure. Should we fail to aid Greece and Turkey in this fateful (important) hour, the effect will be far-reaching to the West. The seeds of totalitarian dictatorships are watered by misery and want. They spread and grow in the evil soil of poverty and strife. They reach their full growth when the hope of a people for a better life has died. Therefore, I propose giving Greece and Turkey $400 million in aid.

6. Explain the policy President Truman suggested in this speech.

Cold War Map- Truman Doctrine

• Come up with a symbol, like a star, diamond, triangle, fist, etc... (your choice) and draw that symbol on Turkey and Greece on your map.

• In your map key (on the Left), indicate that countries with that symbol benefited from the Truman Doctrine

• Add the Truman Doctrine to your Lecture Notes and underline it.

Politically Divided- Multinational Alliances

Alliances were meant to intimidate other countries into holding an attack. Any country in the alliance could call on all the others for help, thus causing an instant world war and no one wanted that.

• NATO- Democratic, Capitalist Nations of the West

• Warsaw Pact- Socialist, Communist Nations of the East

• Association of Non Aligned Nations- a Group of Independent Nations from South Asia and Africa who refused to take sides

Document 5: This is an excerpt from the North Atlantic Treaty, which was signed by the United States,

Canada, and ten nations of Western Europe in 1948.

The parties agree than an armed attack against one or more of them in Europe or in North America shall be considered as an attack against them all. They agree that if such an armed attack occurs, each of them will assist the party or parties so attacked. Each will immediately take whatever action it considers necessary to restore and maintain the security of the North Atlantic area. It will, if necessary, use armed force.

7. What is the purpose of NATO?

NATO CountriesUSSRWarsaw Pact Other Countries

8. How do these “satellites” in the Warsaw Pact provide a buffer for the Soviet Union?

Cold War Map- NATO/Warsaw Pact• Come up with a symbol, like a star, diamond, triangle, fist, etc... (your choice)

and draw that symbol on the countries listed below on your map.• In your map key (on the Left), indicate that countries with that symbol are

members of NATO Belgium Britain Denmark France Iceland Italy

Luxemburg Netherlands Norway Portugal

1952: Greece & Turkey 1955: West Germany 1983: Spain

U. S. S. R. Albania Bulgaria Czechoslovak

ia East Germany Hungary Poland Romania

• NOW, Come up with a symbol, like a star, diamond, triangle, fist, etc... (your choice) and draw that symbol on the countries listed below on your map.

• In your map key (on the Left), indicate that countries with that symbol are members of the Warsaw Pact

How did the Cold War divide Europe

The Cold War divided Europe

____________ with the

_____________. This divided

Europe because_____________

Document 7: Excerpt from a speech by Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev in 1956 in which he explains his

point of view on U.S. actions.The inspirers of the “cold war” began to establish military alliances like the North Atlantic bloc (NATO)…[They claim] they have united for defense against the “communist threat.” But this is sheer hypocrisy! …The leaders want a “position of strength” policy. Furthermore, they assert that it makes another way impossible because it ensures a “balance of power” in the world. Western leaders offer the arms race as their main recipe for the preservation of peace! It is perfectly obvious that when nations compete to increase their military might, the danger of war becomes greater, not lesser. Capitalism will find its grave in another world war.

9. What is Khrushchev’s view of U.S. actions? According to Khrushchev what will happen?

Please do not talk at this time Oct 11

Please get out your Cold War DBQ and your Map

HW: Cold War Personal Experience, Pg. 41A- Interview someone over 40 about the Cold War. Ask them about their experiences in the 50’s, 60’s, 70, and 80’s. Ask them what they remember about the events on your map or what they thought would happen to the world. Due MondayDon’t know anyone? Try Ms. LaMarche, Mr. St.Clair, or Mr. Grissom!

All Make Up Work/ Resubmissions and Late work must be turned in today. Please write All Make Up Work/ Resubmissions and Late work must be turned in by Tuesday, Oct 15th to be included in the 1st quarter grade.

BrinkmanshipThe Policy of threatening to go

to war as a response to enemy aggression.

You want a piece of This?!?

Put this definition on the back of your map.

Examples of Brinkmanship and the Cold War

Both the USA and the USSR wanted to avoid an all out Nuclear War. Instead of fighting directly, they paid others to fight for them, and then continued a kind of global game of “Chicken”. The following events are examples of when the two sides almost committed to total war, but then pulled back at the last minute and instead did something clever to stay in the game without losing face.• The Korean War• The Cuban Missile Crisis

Berlin Blockad

e & Airlift

1948-49Russians try to claim West Berlin once and for all by starving them out. Water, power are cut. Ground transport is closed.Americans fly supplies to the people of West Berlin for almost a year.Eventually Russia gives up and opens roads and utility lines again….until next time….

See video: Days that shook the word: Berlin Airlift on United Streaming

Cold War Map- Berlin Blockade and Airlift

Choose a symbol to represent the Berlin Blockade and Airlift and put it on the small map of Berlin (not Germany) on your map.

In your map key (on the Left), indicate that your symbol represents the Berlin Blockade and Airlift.

Add the Berlin Blockade and Airlift to your Lecture Notes and underline it.

The Bomb- Pg 34AEast Vs. West- Pg 35AChapter 17.1 Cornell Notes- Pg 36ACold War DBQ- Pg 37A1945 Cartoon Analysis- Pg 38AVocab Word Maps- Pg 39ACold War Map and Lecture Notes- Pg

40ACold War Personal Experience- Pg 41A