The dynamics of wage discrimination and gender equity in Moroccan labor market SAMI ZOUARI High Institute of Industrial Management University of Sfax, Tunisia Mobile: +216 25 241 804 Fax: +216 74 460 744 Email: [email protected]Research Capacity building on Gender and Work in the MENA Region Second Research Seminar March 15, 2010 SOFITEL Hotel, Maadi, Cairo, Egypt
33
Embed
The dynamics of wage discrimination and gender equity in ...The dynamics of wage discrimination and gender equity in Moroccan labor market SAMI ZOUARI High Institute of Industrial
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
The dynamics of wage discrimination
and gender equity
in Moroccan labor market
SAMI ZOUARI
High Institute of Industrial ManagementUniversity of Sfax, TunisiaMobile: +216 25 241 804
Research Capacity building on Gender and Work in the MENA Region
Second Research Seminar
March 15, 2010
SOFITEL Hotel, Maadi, Cairo, Egypt
Objectives
* The present study aims to highlight wage evolution in Moroccan labor market during the last two decades.
* It will be giving a quantitative idea on labor market issues in Morocco with focus on gender wage gap.
* Provides recommendations in order to avoid any form of discrimination against women in all recruitment steps.
Introduction
By having the same abilities and productivity level, twoworkers should be equally remunerated with noconsideration to their sex nor their ethnicity.
However, on the labor market, with the samecharacteristics, man and woman are receiving differentsalaries advantaging man: We are talking here aboutwage discrimination.
Question:
How could this gender wage gap be explained ?
Outline
1. Theoretical framework
2. The evolution of Moroccan women situation during the last two decades
3. Interest discrimination [Lazear et Rosen (1990)] :
(Increasing benefits)
2. The evolution of Moroccan women
situation during the last two decades
2. The evolution of Moroccan women situation during the last two decades
2.1. Social context
Islamic ideology: relationship betweenman and woman based on the image of womanas a “spouse and mother”.
Family ideology: members within thefamily are considered with reference to their sex.According to this ideology man are superior towomen.
2.2. Legislation
* Morocco has ratified the Convention of Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) in June 21st, 1993.
* Based on “equal work, equal wage” principal, gender discrimination has been prohibited.
* Moroccan Government has ratified International Labour Conventions in order to guarantee gender remuneration equity (ie. Convention N°100 of June 29th, 1951).
* The new Moroccan labor code protects feminist special rights (maternity, hard work, nocturnal work, etc.).
2. The evolution of Moroccan women situation during the last two decades
2.3. Political environment
* Since 1962, the Moroccan legislation has guaranteed many political rights for female citizens such as: Right to vote and to put her candidacy to the elections, right to the strike, liberty of expression, opinion, association and to adhere to all political or union organizations of her choice.
* Morocco has ratified, successively, the International Convention of Women Political Rights in November 22nd, 1976, and the International Pact of Political and Civil Rights in 1979.
* The percentage of women in the total number of deputies was 0.9% in 1993 and has risen to 10.8% in 2002. Whereas, in the Government, women represented 9.75% in 1995 and became 8% in 2002.
2. The evolution of Moroccan women situation during the last two decades
2.4. Economic context
* Moroccan female have shifted from a passive role in the society toward a very active actors within the socioeconomic development.
* In the mid 1970’s, female participation was so important especially in the labour intensive industries where women are more competitive.
* In the 1980’s, economic recession stopped the continued increasing in female labour force participation since industries were in crises and men were more likely to be employed than women.
* Development occurred during the 1990’s have turned the attention toward the gender consideration in economic and public policies establishment.
* After 2000, ...
2. The evolution of Moroccan women situation during the last two decades
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Labor force participation and unemployment rates within MENA and OECD countries by sex
Labor force participation rate MALE
Labor force participation rate FEMALE
Unemployment rate MALE
Unemployment rate FEMALE
21.3
32.3 32
23.6
56.5
95 96.1
68.7
15 - 24 25 - 34 35 - 44 45 and above
Moroccan Activity rate by sex and age cohorts, 2008