The Diffusion of the Industrial Revolution: U.S. and Europe.

The Diffusion of the Industrial Revolution: U.S. and Europe H Block 1/20/16 Attendance Attendance Check HW Check HW Current Events Current Events Obj: Describe industrial growth in the United States and explain the diffusion of the industrial revolution in Europe HW: Check website Factors that encouraged industrialization in the U.S. The availability of immigrant labor The availability of immigrant labor Rich deposits of iron ore and coal Rich deposits of iron ore and coal Water power-rivers Water power-rivers Timber-shipbuilding Timber-shipbuilding Petroleum- fuel Petroleum- fuel U.S. Government placement of tariffs on foreign goods- protectionism U.S. Government placement of tariffs on foreign goods- protectionism Factors that encouraged industrialization Investors (British, French, and German capitalists) Investors (British, French, and German capitalists) Growing domestic market Growing domestic market Size of the country Size of the country U.S. Patent Office created to protect investors ideas U.S. Patent Office created to protect investors ideas Relative political stability Relative political stability The United States Leading industrial power by 1914 Leading industrial power by 1914 Produced 36% of the worlds manufactured goods; compared to 16 % for Germany, 14% for Great Britain, and 6% for France Produced 36% of the worlds manufactured goods; compared to 16 % for Germany, 14% for Great Britain, and 6% for France U.S. Manufacturing Areas, 1900 Samuel Slater 1789, immigrated to the United States 1789, immigrated to the United States Built spinning machine from memory and a partial design Built spinning machine from memory and a partial design Moses Brown 1790, opened first factory in Pawtucket, Rhode Island to house Slaters machines 1790, opened first factory in Pawtucket, Rhode Island to house Slaters machines Produced only thread Produced only thread Slaters Textile Mill Francis Cabot Lowell 1813, Francis Cabot Lowell and four other investors revolutionized the U.S. textile industry by establishing a factory in Waltham 1813, Francis Cabot Lowell and four other investors revolutionized the U.S. textile industry by establishing a factory in Waltham Later, moved operation to Lowell Later, moved operation to Lowell The Lowell Mill The Lowell Factory System Adopted a paternalistic attitude towards their workers Adopted a paternalistic attitude towards their workers Mostly hired single women from villages across New England Mostly hired single women from villages across New England Provided factory-owned and monitored housing Provided factory-owned and monitored housing Encouraged church attendance and cultural activities Encouraged church attendance and cultural activities Paid high wages Paid high wages Social Hierarchy (Lowell Factory System The Agents of the Corporation- The Agents of the Corporation- Overseers Overseers Operatives or factory workers Operatives or factory workers Lords of the the spade and the shovel (Irish immigrant laborers and their families) Lords of the the spade and the shovel (Irish immigrant laborers and their families) Railroads At first, railroads did connect the country At first, railroads did connect the country What was needed: A transcontinental railroad What was needed: A transcontinental railroad Bid put in for construction Bid put in for construction Companies Union Pacific- West Union Pacific- West Central Pacific - East Central Pacific - East Promontory, Utah The Golden Spike May 10, 1869, two companies met at Promomtory, Utah to drive in the Golden Spike May 10, 1869, two companies met at Promomtory, Utah to drive in the Golden Spike Steel Major factor in the industrialization of the U.S. Major factor in the industrialization of the U.S. Carnegie, started his steel business in 1872 Carnegie, started his steel business in 1872 In 1878, he built part of the Brooklyn Bridge and the Washington Monument In 1878, he built part of the Brooklyn Bridge and the Washington Monument By 1888, he had already made $2 million; by 1906, worth $40 million By 1888, he had already made $2 million; by 1906, worth $40 million Carnegie Sold business to J.P. Morgan Sold business to J.P. Morgan Combined companies with other companies to form the U.S. Steel Company Combined companies with other companies to form the U.S. Steel Company Rockefeller Started his oil company called Standard Oil Company Started his oil company called Standard Oil Company Introduced the process of vertical integration- bought up companies involved in manufacturing and distribution Introduced the process of vertical integration- bought up companies involved in manufacturing and distribution By 1879, he controlled 90% of the oil business in the U.S. By 1879, he controlled 90% of the oil business in the U.S. Kodak In 1888, the Kodak Company introduced the camera In 1888, the Kodak Company introduced the camera Alexander Graham Bell Invented the phone in 1876 Invented the phone in 1876 Created the American Bell Telephone Company Created the American Bell Telephone Company First phone in the White House First phone in the White House- 1878 Typewriter Christopher Shoess- invented the typewriter and sold the right to Remington Christopher Shoess- invented the typewriter and sold the right to Remington Other inventors Cyrus McCormack- reaper (1831) Cyrus McCormack- reaper (1831) Samuel Morse- telegraph (1837) Samuel Morse- telegraph (1837) I.M. Singer- sewing machine (1851) I.M. Singer- sewing machine (1851) Mr. Otis - elevator (early 1900) Mr. Otis - elevator (early 1900) Charles Pilsbury- new method of making wheat Charles Pilsbury- new method of making wheat Philip Armour- meat packing Philip Armour- meat packing Industrialization reaches Europe Wars and unrest delay the growth of industry Wars and unrest delay the growth of industry Belgium is the first to industrialize followed by Germany Belgium is the first to industrialize followed by Germany Other parts of Europe (Spains Catalonia region, Northern Italy, Moscow & St. Petersburg) begin to develop industries in the mid 1800s Other parts of Europe (Spains Catalonia region, Northern Italy, Moscow & St. Petersburg) begin to develop industries in the mid 1800s Obstacles to industrial growth in Europe French Revolution and the Napoleonic wars French Revolution and the Napoleonic wars Political disunity in Germany Political disunity in Germany Geographic problems Geographic problems Social structure Social structure Global impact of Industrialization The IR widens the gap between more developed and less developed countries The IR widens the gap between more developed and less developed countries Industrialized countries exploit overseas colonies for resources and markets Industrialized countries exploit overseas colonies for resources and markets Strengthened economic ties between countries (globalization) Strengthened economic ties between countries (globalization) Rise in the standards of living in the industrialized nations Rise in the standards of living in the industrialized nations What are some global implications of these headlines? Massive strikes in Russian shoe factory! Massive strikes in Russian shoe factory! 300 women strike for four days in Japanese cotton spinning factory! 300 women strike for four days in Japanese cotton spinning factory! Chinese women prefer freedom of factory work to traditional role on farms Chinese women prefer freedom of factory work to traditional role on farms Innovations in artillery design leads to British arms manufacturer to knighthood! Innovations in artillery design leads to British arms manufacturer to knighthood! Military coup in Brazil: Crown Blames aristocratic opposition to land reform! Military coup in Brazil: Crown Blames aristocratic opposition to land reform!