THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN AND KSSR KBSRAspectsKBSRKSSR
FormCommunication
Man With Nature Around
Individual Self DevelopmentCommunication
Spirituality, Values and Attitude
Humanities
Personal skills
Physical Development and Aesthetic
Science and Technology
OrganizationsBased subjectsPhase IBasic Core Module
Core Modules Themes
Elective Modules
Level IICommunication Module
Communications Elective Module
Module Spirituality, Attitudes and Values
Module Physical and Aesthetics
Science and Technology Module
Humanitarian module
ContentChangescontent to all subjects
PedagogyThinking in R & D
Application of Multiple Intelligences in the P & P
Use of ICT
Future research-based teaching
Lessons Constructivism
Contextual Lessons
Self-Access Learning
Mastery Learning
Learn How to LearnAssertion and an emphasis on the following
approach:
Thinking in R & D
Application of Multiple Intelligences in the P & P
Use of ICT
Future research-based teaching
Lessons Constructivism
Contextual Lessons
Self-Access Learning
Mastery Learning
Learn How to Learn
Time AllocationChanges in the allocation of time to a number of
subjects, especially English and English
Method of AssessmentSignificant emphasis on summative
assessmentDiscounter a continuous run to track the progress and
achievement of pupils in learning
Using a variety of assessment methods
Be authentic and holistic
MaterialsSyllabus
Syllabus
Content
Learning Outcomes
Proposed R & D activities
TextbookCurriculum documents
Content Standard
Learning Standards
Textbook
Management CurriculumAll changes in the aspects above cause
changes to the curriculum at various levels of management.
Posted byPHYSICAL EDUCATION SKTDH2 committeeat7:10
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1Introduction1-2
2Question:Establishing PJPK as one of the important subjects in
primary schools based on the USSR3-14
3Conclusion15
4References16
IntroductionAccording Dr.Ragbir Joginder Kaur Singh in his
bookGuide to Comprehensive Educational KPLI (Primary Schools),word
curriculum comes from the concept of a horse running in the
countryof Greece.Secara literally, it means a kursus.Berikut some
definition of the curriculum.1.Kerr J. K (1968), Hirst (1975) and
Nicholls and Nicholls A SH (1978) mentafrif right level school
curriculum plan2.BOSmith, WD Stanley and JH Shores (1957), J. G
Saylor & W. M Alexander (1974) and K. Egan (1978) state
education curriculum plans.3.Tyler (1950), GA Beauchamp (1968) and
AS Robinson (1971) focus on the objectives of the curriculum and
teaching and learning processes that occur either in school or
outside of school.4.Kurikulum defined as any program operated by a
school or educational institution to achieve its goals (Cabinet
Committee Report 1979).Curriculum is a plan that covers all the
knowledge, skills, values and norms, cultural elements and beliefs
of society.Curriculum serves to develop the potential of students
intellectually, physically, spiritually and socially balanced and
comprehensive way, developing traits that can lead towards national
unity and produce skilled manpower and trained for the needs of the
country.USSR (Standard Curriculum for Primary Schools)For the
initial stage, a total of 500 schools have been undergoing a pilot
test beginning March 31, 2009 until the end of June 2009 A total of
50 schools will undergo pilot testing all subjects while the rest
of the school will undergo a test pilot in the remaining
subjects.Beginning in 2011, the Standard Curriculum for Primary
Schools (USSR) was implemented in all primary schools and initiated
disciples of 1 KSSR formulated based on the requirements contained
in the Education Development Master Plan 2006-2010 which is
triggered by the former Prime Minister of Malaysia, Tun Sri
Abdullah Ahmad Badawi.The main goal of this curriculum is to ensure
that children are imbued with the spirit of the people of Malaysia
to acquire knowledge, skills and competence and moral
values.Factors that cause change curriculum in Malaysia.Curriculum
in Malaysia is actually not changed one hundred percent, but it is
an improvement from the previous curriculum.Why these improvements
need to be done?Changes or improvements are made to meet the
current demand.For example, in the era of the 1960s through the
1980s, agriculture is very important at the time.Therefore, the
curriculum is focused on the question of agriculture.Whereas, in
the 1980s to the 1990s, the industrial age has emerged to replace
the agricultural era.The curriculum focuses on such skills
associated with industrialization.According to Fatimah Hamid Don
(1984), the history of curriculum development in the country has
demonstrated clearly that the activities are reflected in the
government's strong words to the national development plan every
five years.Next, the subjects of Physical Education and Health
Education as we see today, it is regarded as a less important
subject.This may be caused by lack of awareness and knowledge of
the community about the importance of the subject of Physical
Education and Health Education not only in schools but also in the
lives of human beings.Question:Establishing PJPK as one of the
important subjects in primary schools based on the USSR.There are
several methods proposed here to help us in promoting subjects of
Physical Education and Health Education to a higher level and on
par with other core subjects.Among them are:1. Teacher of Physical
Education and Health Education as the bestrolemodel.2. Subjects of
Physical Education and Health Education taught by teachers of the
option.3. Recommendation of Physical Education and Health Education
as a subject tERAS and included in theUPSR.4. Regularly organizes
special courses for the subjects of Physical Education and Health
Education.5. To create awareness among students, parents, teachers
and the community about the importance of Physical Education and
Health Education.6. Using information technology in the teaching
and learning of Physical Education and Health Education.7.
Absorption subjects P endidikan Physical and Health Education in
the teaching ofothersubjectsin school.8. D Assessment of Physical
Education's Health Education more systematic.9. Create a reading
space or booth Physical Education and Health Education in
schools.10. Right to organize Sunday or B Ulan Physical Education
and Health at the school level.Teacher of Physical Education and
Health Education as the bestrole modelAs educators, we will not
miss the view of the surrounding community.Teachers are considered
as the best example to his disciples.All aspects must be taken into
account either in terms of the teacher's own personal attitudes,
attire and so on.Similarly, Health and Physical Education teachers
need to show the best appearance and comparable or greater compared
with teachers of other subjects.Figure 1 below shows how to compare
the difference of Physical Education and Health teacher dressed in
a sport that is right and wrong.
Figure 1: Compare and contrast the use of teachers of right and
wrongSubjects of Physical Education and Health Education taught by
teachers of the option.To uphold the subjects of Physical Education
and Health Education, the next step is to do with the way the
subjects of Physical Education and Health Education shall be taught
by teachers of the option.This is to ensure that students get the
proper knowledge and not run three laps and play ball every time
Physical Education.Moreover, the fundamental aspects of the
movement of running, jumping and throwing should be applied in each
teaching and learning session.Teachers of Physical Education and
Health are trained and have the course to learn more about this
matter.Next, teaching creative movement and dynamic nature will
lead to a sense of excitement when the students do activities.Thus,
it is desirable subjects of Physical Education and Health Education
taught by teachers of the option.In line with the goal of enhancing
KSSR knowledge, attitudes and practices of personal health, family,
community and the environment, this knowledge is in the teacher
options will attend the course.Figure 2 below shows the dilemma
faced by the teachers is not the option of Physical Education and
Health Education teaching Physical Education and Health
Education
Figure 2: The Dilemma teacher todayRecommendation of Physical
Education and Health Education as a core subject and included in
theUPSR.As the core subjects of the existing English, Mathematics,
English and Science subjects of Physical Education and Health
Education can be used as core subjects and included in the
UPSR.Role in the Malaysian education curriculum is to develop the
potential of students intellectually, physically, spiritually and
socially in a balanced and comprehensive, building characteristics
that can lead towards national unity and energy of the people
well-versed and trained for the needs of the country.Here clearly
the intention of education in Malaysia is intended to establish a
balance of physical individuals.Thus, these subjects will actually
produce a robust and disciplined students when learning to
walk.Thus, indirectly, the children will be smart and easy to
comply with instructions even when other subjects are taught.In
Western countries, for example, the subject of Physical Education
and Health Education is a core subject and a priority compared to
other subjects.But unlike what happens in Malaysia, the subject of
Physical Education and Health Education is not a priority.In fact,
not only the parents consider this subject is less important, but
there are also those with which it does not consider the benefit of
the pupils.In the USSR there are applied on the physical,
physiological and psychological puberty.That is, students were
exposed to the physical changes during puberty and through barriers
between women and men.Compared KBSR, this title will only be taught
in high school when the students are in Form 1 and 2.
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Figure 3: Beyond decoration picturesRegularly organizes special
courses for the subjects of Physical Education and Health
Education.Indeed, for upholding a thing among other measures to
achieve the goal is to provide specialized courses.The main purpose
of this course is made for a newinputand to train teachers to apply
the theory learned through micro teaching.These courses must be
attended by teachers of Physical Education and Health Education
teacher instead of other subjects such as Mathematics.This is to
avoid confusion about the science teachers will be presented during
the course later.Accordingly, the coaches who will deliver
knowledge in the course will be qualified coaches.These measures
should be neglected and it is appropriate to uphold the wishes of
Physical Education and Health Education in the public eye,
especially in Malaysia.Figure 3 below shows the teachers are being
met
Figure 4: The teachers are being metTo create awareness among
students, parents, teachers and the community about the importance
of Physical Education and HealthEducation.At this stage, the
teacher plays an important role for creating awareness among the
students, parents, teachers and the community about the importance
of the subject of Physical Education and Health Education not only
in the exam but also in the daily life of students.Overall fitness
is the integration of the components of mental, social, emotional,
and spiritual.So the importance of fitness is to enable individuals
to contribute meaningfully to society.The overall fitness of an
individual reflect the feelings of life and ability to function
more efficiently.In addition, students should be exposed to the
advantages of having a good health and a good level of
fitness.Awareness is important to the students so that they will
better appreciate the value they receive from the subjects of
Physical Education and Health Education.While elements of thinking
skills should be incorporated in the teaching and learning of
Physical Education and Health Education.Thinking is a process that
uses the mind to find meaning and thus the solution to a concern or
problem with using a variety of ways that the deliberations and
decision making as well as logical and reasonable reflection of the
process suffered.(Edward de Bono, 1976, Dewey, 1910).Thus,
indirectly the subject of Physical Education and Health Education
can upheld.Figure 5 displays the next PTA meeting on the problems
of students.
Figure 5: PTA Meeting to discuss the problems studentsUsing
information technology in learning and teaching physical education
and health education.In line with the government's intention
membestarikan all schools, the adoption of teaching and learning of
Physical Education and Health Education by using the internet to
make one more step how to elevate this subject.Although not all
schools have internet access, but the government has taken a wise
step that schools in rural areas have been equipped with internet
facilities and solar energy to upgrade and provide opportunities
for students in rural areas to enjoy this facility.Thus, students
can visit the websites related to Physical Education and Health
Education.Internet usage among students is no longer a new thing
nowadays, therefore the teaching and learning of these subjects
will be more attractive.Figure 6 displays the enthusiasm of
students in using information technology applications.
Figure 6: Students show interest in using information
technologyAbsorption subjects of Physical Education and Health
Education in the teaching of other subjects in school.Absorption:1.
Absorption is when knowledge from several areas incorporated into a
subject.2. KS SR program, the elements of the subject content of
Science and Local Studies absorbed into the content language
subjects.3. Some elements of other subjects such as Moral
Education, Art Education, Physical Education and Music are also
absorbed in the language program as a support activity.For example,
when mathematics teachers who want to teach numeracy 1 to 100
teachers could use methods such as the number of students mentioned
while doing body exercises.Absorption subject of Physical Education
and Health Education is not only attracting students, but the
prestige of these subjects can be improved.Figure 7: Just picture
decorationAssessment of Physical Education and Health Education in
a more systematicThe next step on how to uphold the subjects of
Physical Education and Health Education is to provide an assessment
of these subjects separately.School-based formative assessment:1.
Conducted on an ongoing basis to track the progress and achievement
of students in learning.2. Using a variety of assessment methods.3.
Be authentic and holistic.4. Teaching and learning modules contain
recommendations remedial and enrichment activities.With this
assessment it is possible to assess the level of student teachers
in the subjects of Physical Education and Health
Education.Implementation of this test is done once in every
semester.The results of this test will provide detailed information
to teachers of Physical Education and Health Education about the
fitness level of the students.Therefore, this is part of measures
to elevate the subjects of Physical Education and Health
Education.Figure 8 below shows the smart test conducted by teachers
of Physical Education and Health.
Figure 8: Test the push smartCreate a reading space or booth
Physical Education and Health Education in schools.In translating
the subjects of Physical Education and Health Education as a
subject of interest, several methods of other subjects may be
copied.For example, the subjects in Bahasa Malaysia in schools
often create spaces of reading and English cottages.We also need to
create space and an attractive cottage as a reference point and
increase the knowledge of students.The excitement will be created
and will interest students more deeply into subjects of Physical
Education and Health Education.Figure 9 is an example of the
cottage Study.
Figure 9: Example cottage StudyOrganizing Week or Month Physical
Education and Health Education at school level.The school can
organize a week or month of Physical Education and Health Education
in schools run by the Unit Procurement Committee of Physical
Education and Health Education.The purpose of Week and Month of
Physical Education and Health Education are:1. To create awareness
about the importance and role of the subjects of Physical Education
and Health Education to students and the local community.2. Provide
a space for students to delve more closely on the subject of
Physical Education and Health Education.3. Give information on the
benefits of Physical Education and Health Education.Among the
activities to be undertaken include:1. Activities in the form of
competition.For example, drawing and games.2. Exhibition.3.
Friendly match4. Talk.5. Selling books or pamphlets pertaining to
the subject of Physical Education and Health Education.Figure 10
below is an activity to play ball with the teachers and
students.
Figure 10: Activities to play football between teachers and
pupilsConclusionAwareness and concern about the interests of
certain parties of Physical Education and Health Education in
schools can not be overstated.For example, the issue of weight loss
has been a conversation in the community.But awareness of the
health implications are still lacking.There is no doubt that many
parents would like to see his chubby and cute when looked
pudgy.Instead, we forget that it will cause your child to
experience problems with movement, became the subject of ridicule
and ultimately depression.Total food intake correlated with gender,
age and type of activity of a invidu.Therefore, it is ideal for
students consume a balanced diet and do exercise or physical
activity to maintain a BMI for a healthy and active life is not
with the taking of additional materials that affect our
health.Examples of products to look slim, liposuction or take
slimming pills and so on.Therefore, strengthening the trainers and
coaches of Physical Education and Health Education apart from the
use of information technology in teaching and learning a bit much
to elevate this subject in the public eye.n line with the
philosophy and goals of the National Education, Health Education
emphasizes the development of a comprehensive and integrated
individuals who are intellectually, spiritually, emotionally and
physically.Therefore, the teaching and learning of Health Education
should focus on the acquisition of knowledge and skills as well as
basic health and fostering appreciation.In order to achieve the
goal of Health Education, the following points should be considered
in teaching and learning:1 An integrated approach is an important
strategy to establish and blending elements of knowledge, skills,
language and values.Through this approach, the development of
thinking skills, generic skills and learning skills need to be
emphasized.In addition, the knowledge and skills from a variety of
other subjects, students experience daily life as well as global
issues should be correlated in the process of teaching and learning
disciplines of Health Education.2 The force of thought students
should be enhanced to enable pupils to make decisions, improve
health literacy and adopt a healthy lifestyle.Activities that
provide opportunities for students to think creatively and
innovatively should be handled by the teacher.
3 Use a variety of teaching and learning approaches that engage
students actively is necessary to enable students to gain
experience and understand the concept of taking care of yourself,
family and community.For this purpose, the method of inquiry,
discovery and learning through experience is highly
recommended.Among the methods and techniques that can be used
include group activities, fieldwork, discussions, case studies,
simulations and role play.Learning experiences such as this can
provide an opportunity for students to express their own views, the
basis to build morale, build always love and thirst for knowledge,
reading and lifelong learning.4 In the process of teaching and
learning, the emphasis should be on nurturing the values that are
consistent with the goal of Health Education.The value to be
inculcated and practiced the cleanliness, safety, responsibility,
caring, compassion, honesty and cooperation.5 learning activities
undertaken by teachers should provide opportunities for students to
master communication skills, build healthy relationships, empathize
with others, be able to handle the emotions and stress of managing
a productive and healthy life.
6 In the course of classroom activities, student experience and
learning experiences need to be sequenced to take into account
different levels of intelligence so that students can learn in
their own way in the most favorable conditions.Methods and
different activities should be planned for students of different
levels of intelligence.7 Possession psychosocial competency skills
(life skills) is necessary and will help students to adapt to
demands and challenges of everyday life, to create awareness about
an issue or problem that occurred in the past, present and
future.This means that students can make predictions, anticipate
consequences and manage change in order to get maximum benefits.8
The use of information and communication technologies such as the
Internet, e-mail, CD-Rom and telecommunications conference in the
process of teaching and learning should be encouraged as equip them
with 21st century skills.Posted byKwei Ling Hueyat03:270
commentsBSR AND USSR in the teaching of Physical
EducationCURRICULUMDefinition of curriculum and curriculum goals
and objectives based on the writings of Isaac Ramly (2003), the
curriculum covers all the experience gathered in and outside the
school and what is taught in schools and classrooms.He also
classifies the curriculum into three parts, namely the curriculum
as a program designed and implemented in the school curriculum as a
program designed and implemented practically in the
classroom.curriculum is filling a culture of lifelong knowledge and
experience of an individual or group.Curriculum and serve as a
guideline for determining the boundaries of knowledge to be
presented in a certain level.School curriculum should be relevant
needs of the time.Curriculum Development Centre always formulate
curriculum in Malaysia from time to time by high flows.Curriculum
should be modified according to the needs of the pupils always keep
pace with the trends of current knowledge.
Curriculum and its relationship with the Physical Education
Syllabus.A curriculum is a written document Which may Contain many
ingredients, but basically it is a plan for the education of pupils
during your enrollment in Their given school -George A.Beauchamp
(1986)
Based on the George A. Beauchamp, he defines curriculum as a
written document in which it is contained in a variety of
materials, but basically it is a plan for the education of students
while they are in school.Formulated curriculum has a particular
interest related to the subjects of Physical Education.Curriculum
designed to help produce a balanced psychomotor ability, affective
and cognitive.Aspects of the development needs of the country j is
in the process of quality human capital formation.Education in
Malaysia has undergone a phase change in the curriculum in line
with the times to ensure that the curriculum is always relevant for
a balanced human capital that can address current and future
challenges.The curriculum is the New Primary School Curriculum
(KBSR), Integrated Curriculum for Primary Schools (KBSR) and the
latest Standard Curriculum for Primary Schools.INTEGRATED
CURRICULUM PRIMARY SCHOOL (KBSR)GOAL OF SCHOOL EDUCATIONThe goal of
the School of Education is to ensure the development of students'
potential in a balanced and integrated and covers aspects of
intellectual, spiritual, emotional and physical well-balanced for
malahirkan insane harmonious and virtuous.Goals KBSRThe goal of
primary education is to ensure the development of students'
potential in a balanced and integrated.These developments include
aspects of intellectual, spiritual, emotional and physical
development towards a balanced, harmonious and virtuous.Goals
KBSRThe goal of primary education is to ensure the development of
students' potential in a balanced and integrated.These developments
include aspects of intellectual, spiritual, emotional and physical
development towards a balanced, harmonious and virtuous.
Objective KBSRTo achieve these goals, education at the primary
level to enable to enable students to:i.mastering the Malay
language befitting its status as the national languageand the
official language of the country;ii.master basic skills of language
to speak, read and write in the languagemedium schools;iii.dominate
a strong foundation in computing skills and use them insolve
everyday problems;iv.study skills;v.thinking skills;vi. speak,
read, write and understand the English language in accordance with
the positionas a second language;vii.acquire knowledge and trying
to add;viii.build leadership skills and self-confidence;ix. have
the knowledge, understanding, interest and sensitivity to human and
environmentalenvironment;x. scientific and technical
skills;xi.understand, take advantage of, enjoy and participate in
charitable activities, arts and recreationwithin the national
culture;xii.health and fitness;xiii.acquire skills and build
enthusiasm and positive attitudeentrepreneurship and
productivity;xiv.master the skills of reading, memorizing and
understanding the meaning of certain sentencesQuran for Muslim
students;xv.believe in the fundamentals of the faith, and do deeds
of worship and practice moral behavior;xvi.build a spirit of
patriotism;xvii.develop talent and creativity;andxviii.adopt
attitudes and behaviors based on the values that makethe basis for
a way of life.Principles KBSRKBSR formulated based on the following
principles that are in line with the National Education Philosophy:
-i.Integrated Approach;ii.Development of the individual as a
whole;iii.The same education for all students;andiv.Lifelong
education.v.primary school pupils often easy to obtain knowledge
and skills through activities in the classroom skills compared with
penglaman life, hence all learning activities should be linked with
the experience of living in thevi.atmosphere of the school is
conducive to always bring big opportunities and encourage social
interaction, exchange of views and cooperation among
studentsvii.activities in the classroom should enable students to
develop critical and creative thinking and engage them actively in
the process of acquiring basic skillsviii.organization's activities
and classroom management to be flexibleix.emphasis on the
(cross-curricular)x.mastery of the 3Rs (reading, writing and
arithmetic)xi.evaluation should be in intergrasikan in all learning
activities in the classroom.Emphasis
Focus Level Ii. Mastery of the basic skills of language
(listening, speaking, reading and writing)ii. Domination numbers
and basic operation countiii. Literacy and reading, menhafaz and
appreciate the verses of Al-Quran;iv. Recognizing and understanding
the norms and values of society.
The focus of Phase IIi.Strengthening of basic language
skills;ii.Strengthening basic skills and problem-solving
mathematical operations;iii.Acquisition of knowledge and skills to
otheriv.Study Skills and Critical Thinking Skills and
Creativev.Read, memorize, understand and appreciate the teaching of
the Koran;vi.Appreciate and practice the values.Structure KBSR
KBSR structure consists of three areas, namely: -
i.Communication;ii.Man and Nature around;andiii.Individual Self
Development.
Three fields were divided into six components that are central
to the structure KBSR.These components are:
i.Basic Skills;ii.Human Environment;iii.Arts and
Health;iv.Spirituality, values and attitudesv.Life
Skills;andvi.Curriculum
Core KBSR
i.Integration;ii.Absorption;iii.Evaluation;iv.Enrichment;andv.Recovery.
Emphasis in KBSR
In implementing KBSR, emphasis was given to: -
i.Basic skills;ii.Thinking skills;iii.Across the
Curriculum;iv.Language across the curriculum;v.Patriotism across
the curriculum;vi.Teaching strategies and student-centered
learning;vii.Continuous assessment;viii.Remedial and
enrichment;ix.Volatile principle;andx.Science and technology across
the curriculum
Teaching and Learning Strategies
In the course of teaching and student-centered learning, a
teacher should be;
i.Create a stimulating learning environment;
Class physical facilities
comfortable learning space; learning corner equipped with
interactive materials; Exhibit space work; reference materials for
student use; learning materials challenging thinking.Emotional
aspects of social Use friendly language; the ability of teachers to
students, and use a variety of techniques.ii.Adopt certain
principles in the teaching and learning process.-Actively involve
students;-Conduct continuous assessment;-Create opportunities for
students to evaluate their work;-Train students to explore various
ways in completing tasks;-Provide opportunities for students to get
experience repeatedly in situationsdifferent;-Provide a learning
environment that encourages students to make
decisionsrational;-Appreciation for the efforts of students in
order to assist and build capacitybold, confident and forces
fighting;-To train students to learn skills in thinking
skills;-Take immediate action against the student's learning
problems.
iii.Teaching and Learning Methods
To make teaching and learning more meaningful, effective and fun
teachers must use methods that involve students actively.Teachers
can organize the whole class, groups, pairs or
individually.Formation of student groups based on their abilities,
almost the same or to a range of abilities.
Various methods can be carried out through the following
activities;-Simulation-Acting-Toy-Tutoring-Visit-Storytelling-Project-Brainstorm-Play
the role of-Pidato
Ratingsi.Evaluation of School-based (PKBS)ii.Operating Ratings
Primary Schooliii.Primary School Achievement Test (UPSR)INTEGRATED
CURRICULUM PHYSICAL EDUCATION PRIMARY SCHOOLGOALS:Physical
Education aims to help students become active learning through
physical activity and fitness practices.OBJECTIVES:Students
can:1.Improve and maintain health based fitness and motor
behavior;2.mastering basic movements and self-paced game,3.exercise
and physical activity as a daily routine,4.apply knowledge of
health and safety while participating in a variety of physical
activities;5.build character and self-discipline;and6.make wise
decisions in life.Syllabus of Physical Education in Integrated
Primary School Curriculum is organized into three main pillars,
namely:1.FitnessThis concept emphasizes the ability of students
cord physical activity continuously without feeling tired.The focus
is on physical fitness component-based health and motor
behavior.2.SkillsThis emphasizes the concept of core skills enable
students to do in terms of large muscle movement and muscle
halus.Tumpuan given to basic skills in games, athletics,
gymnastics, creative movement and recreation.3.SportsmanshipThis
emphasizes the concept of core knowledge and understanding in order
to strengthenthe practice of physical education and sport.The focus
is on safety, management, career, and ethical issues in physical
education and sport.CURRICULUM CONTENT ORGANIZATIONSubject content
focuses on the fitness according to the characteristics and needs
of students.The proposed approach to this subject is learning
through activities.Students should be given the opportunity to
learn the knowledge, skills and values related subjects by doing
activities, experiments and practice routine.Active participation
of each student in Physical Education class is required.Students
should be given the opportunity to express their emotions, develop
mental processes, forming healthy relationships and doing physical
activities in a constructive and safe.Physical Education experience
includes three important aspects, namely:i. Active student
participation and secure.ii. Creative interaction with materials,
tools, and partners.iii. Recordkeeping activities of the students
as evidence that learning has occurred.Standard Curriculum for
Primary Schools (USSR)Starting in 2011, all schools will be using a
new curriculum, known as the Standard Curriculum for Primary
Schools (USSR).This curriculum will be carried out in stages
throughout Malaysia beginning year 1 2011 curriculum is in line
with current developments and demand demanding a better quality of
human capital in line with the era's well-developed and
sophisticated now.Curriculum TransformationThe process of
performing a form of holistic changes to the school
curriculumExisting involving changes shape, organization, content,
pedagogy, time allocation, assessment methods, materials and
management of the school curriculum.THE CONCEPT OF TRANSFORMATION
PRIMARY SCHOOL CURRICULUMBased on the Philosophy of Education
(FPN)Principles based KBSR:-Integrated approach-Development of the
individual as a whole-Opportunities and quality education for all
students-Lifelong education B CURRICULUM OF
TRANSFORMATIONCommunication -integration of language skills in
verbal and non-verbal when interactingScience & Technology
-Mastery of scientific knowledge, skills and scientific
attitudesMastery of the knowledge and skills of mathematicsMastery
of knowledge and skills based on technologyPhysical Development
& Aesthetics -physical development and health for
well-beingFostering imagination, creativity, talent and
appreciationSpirituality, Attitude & Value -Appreciation of
religious practices, beliefs, attitudes and valuesHumanities
-Possession of knowledge and practice of community and local
environment, national and globalTo inculcate the spirit of
patriotism and unityPersonal skills -Nurturing leadership and
personal development through curricular and co-curricular
activitiesVALUE ADDED SKILLS / ELEMENTS ACROSS THE CURRICULUM
(EMK)-Creativity and innovation-Entrepreneurship-Information and
Communication Technology (ICT)STANDARDS-BASED CURRICULUMPrimary
School Curriculum Transformation enacted standards-based content
and learning standards. St Standard Content
Learning Standards
Specific statements about what students should know and can do
in a period of schooling covers the knowledge, skills and
values.
A setting of criteria or indicators of quality of learning and
achievement can be measured for each content standard.
Example of Content & Standards Learning StandardsStan
Standard Content
Learning Standards
EnglishListen, understandand to respond to any commands,
questions and messages heard correctly
EnglishListen, understand and respond correctly to various
questions orally bercapah.
EnglishAble to express a personal response to literary texts
EnglishAble to respond to:a.Book coversb.Pictures in
booksc.Characterswith guidance
MathematicsRename and determine the number
MathematicsNamed the number to 100:a.Count the number of objects
in a group.b.Naming number of groups of objects to represent
quantities.
Why Standard?Ensure ALL students passing standards.Setting
knowledge, skills and values that need to be measured
clearly.Identify strategies for improvement(assessment for
learning).Addressing the problem of dropout students in
learning.Implementation of school-based assessment.Curriculum
Materials1.Curriculum documents
2.Textbook
Content StandardLearning Standards
Modular Berpendekatan
,Ped Pedagogy ThinkingLearn How to Learn
Application of Multiple Intelligences TheoryMastery Learning
Self-Access LearningPembelanjaran In Contextual
Lessons ConstructivismBased Learning Future
Use of Information Technology and Komuinikasi (TMK)
Pent AssessmentPent Assessment of R & DConducted on an
ongoing basis to track the progress and achievement of pupils in
learningUsing a variety of assessment methodsBe authentic and
holisticCURRICULUM STANDARDS FOR PHYSICAL EDUCATION PRIMARY
SCHOOLStandard Curriculum for Physical Education was formed based
on content standards and learning standards that students need to
master and accomplish.Content standards is a clear statement of
what students should know and can do in a period of schooling that
includes skills, knowledge and values.Learning standards are a set
of criteria or measure the performance of each content
standard.Standard Curriculum for Physical Education itself still
contains the principles found in the New Primary School Curriculum
(KBSR) Physical Education and also using International Standards
for Physical Education and Sports School Students by the
International Council for Health, Physical Education, Recreational,
Sports And Dance (ICHPER-SD) as a guide.This new curriculum retains
the three main domains of education ie psychomotor, cognitive and
affective very important in educating and guiding the next
generation.Drafting of the Standard Curriculum for Primary School
Physical Education major seeks to fulfill the aspirations of the
National Education Philosophy to produce a balanced and harmonious
intellectually, emotionally, spiritually, and physically.The
curriculum is also able to provide students towards building the
human capital of a healthy and active.Not only the students who
have the knowledge and skills required in the USSR Physical
Education, teachers and even the Standard Curriculum for Primary
School Physical Education Year One should have the basic knowledge
and skills as contained in movement skills and fitness based
discipline of Physical Education.Which involves motor learning,
motor development, biomechanics, conditioning, exercise physiology,
sports psychology, sports sociology, aesthetics and value.Teaching
and learning Primary School Standard Curriculum Physical Education
should be implemented in a relaxed atmosphere and environment with
emphasis on safety.GOALStandard Curriculum for Primary School
Physical Education seeks to develop students to become fit and
healthy individuals with skills, knowledge and values through the
practice of physical activity to achieve
well-being.OBJECTIVESAccording to documents KSSR Physical Education
Syllabus Year 1, pupils who follow the teaching and learning of the
Standard Curriculum for Primary Schools Physical Education will be
able to: -1.Perform basic skills with correct behavior according to
the concept of movement.2.Develop skills in movement and motor
skills.3.Identify the correct body position while performing the
movement.4.Identifying activities to increase fitness
levels.5.Knowing the importance of regular physical
activity.6.Demonstrate personal responsibility while doing physical
activity.7.Perform physical activity in a fun and safe
environment.8.Comply with the rules and adopt safety measures while
doing physical activity.9.Adopt a healthy lifestyle to
wellness.FOCUS OF SUBJECTSThere are three focus Standard Curriculum
for Primary School Physical Education for Year One pupils develop
basic skills of movement and motor skills, introduce the concept of
health-related fitness, and promote security element, personal
responsibility, and social interaction during physical
activity.CONTENT ORGANIZATIONPhysical Education Curriculum KSSR
organized in a modular.In a modular curriculum, content grouped
into sections called modules.Modules include learning content in
the form of self-contained unit (self-contained) which consists of
knowledge, skills and values that have been identified for
controlled and accessed.Physical Education Curriculum Year One is
built on five aspects:Aspect 1: Movement Skills.Students master the
motor skills and movement patterns needed to perform a variety of
physical activities through the concept of movement, basic
pergerkan lokomoto involving movement, not locomotor, rhythmic
movement and manipulation tools.Others involve sports noteworthy
that basic gymnastics and aquatics base.Finally, recreation and
leisure activities.Aspect 2: Application of Knowledge in MovementBy
Aspect 2, students can apply their knowledge of concepts,
principles and strategies of movement in learning and developing
motor skills in performing physical activities.Aspect 3: Improving
Health FitnessPupils capable of improving and maintaining fitness
levels for health and physical performance through the concept of
fitness and health components of fitness based on aerobic capacity,
flexibility, strength and endurance, and body composition.Aspect 4:
Application of Knowledge to Improve FitnessApply knowledge of
concepts, principles and strategies to improve health and fitness
physical performance.Aspect5: SportsmanshipBy Aspect 5, pupils
capable of strengthening the practice of Physical Education through
the security element, sociological and psychological concepts,
principles and strategies in physical activity effectively
involving:1.security and management,2.Self-responsibility,3.social
interaction, and4.group dynamics.ANALYSIS METHODSLetter-diff.We
have chosen to use the method of appeal widely to analyze the
relevance of the theory used by the teaching methods used in KBSR
and USSR.Disunity between its different is its appeal:FEATURES
Compare and contrast-Similarities and differences in each item to
be evaluated.-Subjects who used to be fit and have a different
subject for dibandingbezakan like KSSR dibandingbeza with KBSR
about the advantages and disadvantages of each.Dibandingbezakan
-Topik want to be clear and proven facts such as the application
environment improves learning in KBSR and USSR.-Restructuring
discussions diff appeal must be organized in a specific
order.-Keutamaan Given to important aspects of the features that
are important to the least important features.-Aspects that should
be evaluated together with examples in order to provide more
detailed explanations about every aspect of facilitating compare
the difference between two things.-Have a complete
solution.TEACHING METHODS AND KSSR KBSRINTEGRATED CURRICULUM
PRIMARY SCHOOL (KBSR)Methods that can be used by teachers to carry
out the teaching and learning of physical education is the direct
method.This method is concerned with the teacher.A teacher makes
all or most of the decisions about what, how and when an activity
is started based on objective requirements.This method is based on
the direction and tasks assigned by the teacher.This method is
based on the Behavioral Learning Theory (Behavioristic) who
explains that learning occurs from outside to inside through the
reconstruction of the events correctly (Gallahue, 1993).Teachers
are considered to know how to do the movement skills in the right
way.For example, in a classroom teaching and learning (p & p)
made physical education.Teachers to teach core skills of locomotor
skills titled basic movement.Teachers will teach students to
perform a range of locomotor activity with at least 3 to 4
individual movement activities so skilled individually and
collectively.To that end, students will practice to master these
skills until they are proficient.Once they have mastered these
skills, the teacher will ask the students to demonstrate their
range of movement and activity in lokomotor.Guru movement will
explain orally why should dihayunkan hands and so on.In addition,
students will also be asked to sketch and label the body parts
involved while doing the activity locomotor movements.The
advantageof this method is very effective method, focused on
wishing to learn, t Ye are many opportunities for misunderstanding
and misinterpretation, and structured learning environment.However,
the disadvantage of this method is that it does not take into
account individual differences (suitability of development),
consider student learning and achieve the same progress
(appropriate age group). Methods are also more concerned about the
goals or outcomes of learning experiences from the learning
process.CURRICULUM STANDARDS PRIMARY SCHOOL (USSR)Methods that can
be used by teachers to carry out the teaching and learning of
physical education is the indirect method.This method is
student-centered.It is based on the philosophy that learning is
more than repeat and imitate correct.Learning should also through
trial, problem solving and self-discovery.It is based on Cognitive
Learning Theory mengangapkan learning as a process that occurs from
the inside out and the learning process is just as important adalag
dangan the learning outcomes.In the USSR, locomotor skills, such as
walking, running, jumping, etc. lokotor rhythmic taught separately
in each unit title.Pupils will learn each movement more clearly and
in detail and apply their knowledge and experience in performing
each activity carried out by the teacher.For example, in one p
& p running skills focused on the ability of students to
perform the skills to run correctly.Teachers will give them an
activity, such as running free, running a variety of ways, and ran
in different directions.Pupils will attempt to explore the
activities they do with their own ideas and creativity.This will
encourage students to think critically in a way to solve the
problem of fun while doing their newly learned skills.Indirectly,
the students will be able to identify the direction of movement of
the left, right, front, back, top and bottom.At the end of the p
& p, the teacher will review the proficiency of pupils in
detail for use in future revisions.The advantage of this indirect
method is membolehkan students set goals to achieve this way,
giving freedom to students and give them the opportunity to be
responsible, to take into account differences among students and
provide opportunities for students to experience success at their
own level of ability.The downside of this method is the memakan
time as more time for trial and error and interrogation, and
requires teachers to practice and be patient.Teachers who are not
familiar with this style is always a problem to use it effectively.
Besides, s ukar to control the class and s ukar to ensure
continuity in their education.INTRODUCTION TO THE THEORY OF
ECOLOGICALEcological theory was developed by Urie Bronfenbrenner
(1917).Development of ecological theory is the theory that
emphasizes the influence of the environment on the development of
the individual.Bronfenbrenner Ecological Theory (1979.1989)
explains that a child's development is the result of the
interaction between the environment with the child.In this context,
the interaction between the child with the child's environment that
are believed to affect the growth and development of
children.Refers to the concept in theory, whether we realize it or
not children are individuals who are in the scope of micro (based
in the heart) can be influenced by environmental factors.This
theory states that the process of development and inclusive growth
in the system's environment-conscious interaction with each
other.According to Bronfenbrenner there are five systems that
affect children's development.ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS THEORY OF
ECOLOGICAL BRONFENBRENNER
According to Bronfenbrenner, individual development environment
consists of five systems, namely:
a) microsystemsMicrosystems involves the immediate environment
in which children have direct interaction and spent most of the
time.For example, the interaction of the child in the family of
parents and siblings.Interaction between friends, neighbors and
teachers to be involved in the process of child
development.Families, especially parents is the most important
agent of socialization in the life of a child as an individual and
the immediate or near a child's life, they have a great influence
on the behavior of children.For example, studies in and outside the
country to show that environmental factors such as parental
involvement is actively have a direct impact on all aspects of
child development (Mac Naughtori, 2005).
An anthropologist George Peter Murdock defines the family is a
social group living under one roof, has a collaboration in economic
activity and add offspring (Goode, p. 326).Family vulnerability
factors and socio-economic status of the family will shape the life
of a child.Failure of their parents to correct their children's
vulnerability will cause these children no longer respect them.
In a study that Iain is, Ting (2005) found that the level of
involvement of parents in rural areas were at a low level.Do not be
surprised if before Berger (1995) through the study expressed the
diversity of role models for parents to support their children's
learning at school.
b) Mesosistem
Mesosistem is the relationship between microsystems with other
microsystems.Any thing that happens in a microsystems can affect
interactions with other microsystems.For example, the situation in
the home can affect the behavior and personality of an individual
when they are in school.Individuals who have problems at home will
bring the problem to the school.This will cause them emotional
upset and its implications is that the problem will affect their
studies.c) ecosystems
Ecosystems of the experience with the environment that does not
involve students directly, but the decisions taken in the
environment affect children or adults involved with the child.The
point here, the experience of the individual will also influence
others.For example, schools -pasar election.Condition management,
facilities and regulations enforced in places shopping will
indirectly affect social development of the child.d)
Makrosistem
Makrosistem involves the development of individuals who
dipangaruhi by the norms, values and practices of society.For
example, in some societies, gender roles are emphasized (Santrock,
2008).In some countries, the men rated the roles and
responsibilities of a more dominant where they are given the
opportunity of education and the important jobs than women.This is
because women are considered as the weakest and not eligible for
education than men.For parents who are still in the minds of
conservatives, they have thought of the education is not important
to girls because women work only in the kitchen alone.e)
Kronosistem
Kronosistem is a change of state in a period of time.For
example, children nowadays are more focused on the game in line
with the changing technology and the development of a country, such
as Internet gaming, downloading the information via the Internet
and so on.INTEGRATED CURRICULUM THEORY OF ECOLOGY IN PRIMARY SCHOOL
(KBSR)Ecological theory is defined by humans is a paradigm to
explain the movement of people in which the individual interacts
with the environment.In terms of commentary, they also involve a
dynamic systems approach in which the individual, through movement,
interact with the environment.Each individual interaction is
related to the environment.It results from a combination of system
dynamics approach and the perception of individuals and making
student-centered.Individuals across the environment proactively
forming concepts - concepts to enhance the learning of motor
skills.In addition it also helps in identifying what prevents the
learning of motor skills.Integrated Curriculum for Primary Schools
in physical education,students need to be given the opportunity to
learn the knowledge, skills and values related to the subject by
doing activities, experiments and practice routine.Active
participation of each student in Physical Education class is
required.Students should be given the opportunity to express their
emotions, develop mental processes, forming healthy relationships
and doing physical activities in a constructive and safe.The
approach used is a teacher as "Role Model" or as an example to all
students.In each treatment teachers, students - students will
follow the behavior taught by teachers.In addition, students can
master the skills of critical thinking, creative and
innovative.These subjects provide opportunities for pupils to
participate actively, to acquire knowledge and practical
skills.Thinking skills in subjects including making categories,
explaining why, check examine assumptions, making predictions,
creating metaphors and creating definitions.These subjects also
educate students to make informed decisions and solve
problems.Based on the study of ecological theory, the environment
is defined by what and whom students learn, and how results will be
achieved.An example is the teacher.Guru is one of the learning
environment.For example, in teaching the sprint technique, the
teacher will show the student demonstration - students how
techniques are applied to the movement of running feet and
hands.Then students - students will emulate what has been taught by
the teacher and try to apply and mengadaptasikannya in real
situations.This lesson requires students in thinking abilities and
competence of students in considering each learning taught by the
teacher.In this curriculum is a pioneer teacher or principal
instructor who will teach and be a model to show how the betul.Ini
also closely related to the strengthening of the responses given by
teachers to students in doing a movement.Strengthened into strong
action.For example, while doing a running locomotor skills.Teachers
will comment on how run properly, students will try to improve the
way the movement and it runs according to the requirements of the
teacher so that learning objectives are met.Teachers play an
important role in motor learning for each skill to be learned by
students, depending on how the teacher is able to perform an
activity in order to achieve the required skills effectively.Pupils
will be interpretations of teacher instruction and interact with
teachers to hear the instructions correctly so that what has been
learned can be received and understood.Among others are the
textbooks.The textbook is also one other environments to replace
teachers.Without instruction from the teacher, a little difficult
for the students to imitate the style and techniques taught by the
teacher.In practice, the student is required to manipulate or
mempraktikknya itself and the results will be seen by the teacher
whether the results shown by the students' learning correct or
not.Then each of the examples described by teachers committed to
students to understand the causes and consequences of each lesson
is done.Thus, students are able to differentiate and try to use
what is best in teaching so as to obtain the desired
results.Individual interaction with friends occur when doing group
activities.Students will work, berbicang and exchange views on
their understanding of the movements required to do something under
the direction of the activities provided by the teacher.Indirectly,
to enhance the learning of motor skills in individuals with greater
efficiency and quality as a result of discussions among
themselves.For example, students who are weak in doing jumping
skills such as will ask the opinion and guidance of students who
are proficient as a model for improving the understanding and
treatment shows the correct movement.Through this interaction, the
two students could benefit indirectly.Poor students will be able to
improve and enhance the skills to do jumping skills, while students
who are proficient will increase confidence and performance in
doing jumping skills.The activities of individual interactions can
also explain the individual's perception of the environmental
situation.Motor learning is the result of individual effort to
analyze the situation, to see and understand the relationships and
solve problems.Activities should be fun and can be done to
stimulate their minds as well as to attract their attention.For
example, in a physical education class.teachers locomotor skills of
walking skills will do an activity like walking individually or in
groups by asking them to walk imitating animals, such as rabbits
and snakes.Interaction with these activities could indirectly
enhance motor learning and knowledge students kepekaaan their
surrounding environment by encouraging them to control a movement
as a result of the activities they have done.ECOLOGICAL THEORY IN
THE PRIMARY SCHOOL CURRICULUM STANDARDS (USSR)Man is a paradigm to
explain the movement of people in which the individualinteracts
with the environment.Proponents of this theory is Turvey and
Carello (Kluka, 1999).This theory was combined with the findings of
Gibson and Bernstein (Kluka, 1999).They also involve a dynamic
system approach where a process in which the individual, through
movement, interact with the environment.According to the Ecological
Theory.Movement produced by the students is the result of the
interaction of students to various aspects.Thus, the resulting
movement or desired information.USSR is specially formulated to
meet the needs of exploration and discovery methods by the
students.From the USSR, the activities are designed and intended to
be specific to the student is to generate the mind and thinking of
students as a whole.Examples of activities designed to title Space
Awareness in Physical Education KSSR Year 1 is that students should
use imagination to form themselves into something.Example of one
direction ie straighten the body, such as an elephant.Once a
teacher member of the ruling, the students should explore what
exactly is meant by straight like an elephant.The resulting shape
is a result of exploration discoveries made by the students.That's
why the method used for the learning process is very important in
fostering students' thinking.Along with the advancement of
technology developed at present, mind and thought students were
filled with information that is influenced by the environment.At
school, the activities carried out not only seeks to introduce a
concept, but also enrich their minds.Environment includes
everything found in the area during the learning process
berlaku.Guru also become environment makes students in the learning
process.In the USSR, but a mentor teacher in a learning process.Any
questions, students can ask the teacher.However, a student can only
use their minds and thoughts.Teacher who is a part of the
environment when facing the students learning process.So, the
interaction of students with the same teachers as the students have
to interact with the environment.So, it meets the principles of
ecology in which the learning process occurs because the presence
of the students' interaction with the environment.Aspects of the
environment that includes the individual.The students themselves
are the people who become one of the environment.Individuals should
try to adapt to the environment to produce a learning process
desired by each individual.That individual will use their mind and
thoughts to the process of learning through exploration and
discovery.Self-awareness also plays a very important role in the
process of adapting to the environment.Arguably, the process of
learning that takes place is one of the individual processes
interact with the environment in a way they adapt to their
environment.Self-awareness is also very important in the process of
adaptation to the environment.For example, a student should know
the capabilities themselves.By view the learning process as well as
methods of exploration and discovery that they can to ensure the
ability of the stage themselves.Examples can be seen in the
activities of the body Shaping is they know they are not able to
form the letters as M individually.According to the ecological
theory of perception and human pergerakkkan a paradigm to explain
human movement where the individual interacts with the
environment.These theories are supported by Turvey and carello
(Kluka 1999).In the implementation of the standard curriculum for
primary schools has been given a number of elements that give new
impetus to the Malaysian education curriculum which added several
new elements such as the use ofbasic skills in information and
communication technology (ICT) as well as theelement of creativity
and innovation, entrepreneurship and information and communication
technology (ICT) Explicit also applied with more focus on4M of
Reading, writing, mathematics, and a new element of
reasoning.According to this theory, yeteach individual interaction
is related to the environment.It results from a combination of
system dynamics approach and the perception of individuals and
making student-centered.Individuals across the environment
proactively forming concepts - concepts to enhance the learning of
motor skills.In addition it also helps in identifying what prevents
the learning of motor skills.For example, in the first year under
the USSR measure aspects of movement, rhythmic movement requires
students to perform a variety of skill moves to the beat.Therefore
the use of radio equipment and other audio-visual material is
environment for the pupils.Through activities such as the movement
of the various characters imitate the rhythm and music can help
improve motor skills pembelajarn child, this coincides with what
has been submitted by Turvey and Carello (Kluka 1999), they involve
dynamic systems approach where the individual through movement,
interaction environment.Additionally, the use ofbasic skills and
information and communication technology (ICT) is an environment
that can positively impact member to increase motor
learning.Implementation ofthebasic skills and information and
communication technology (ICT) is done in stages.through the use of
ICT is easier to find students understand the basics of movement,
such as view videos that have disediakan.tambahan movement, the use
of audio visual equipment like sound clear and attractive pictures
to attract children.In addition, students will also be motivated
indirectly.Could attract the interest of children to be present,
thus helping to eliminate the problem kekelas students'
attendance.Apart from the use of ICT, the interaction of other
environmental factors such as teacher and his classmates also play
a role in enhancing the learning of motor skills of children.If
viewed in KBSR more teachers to give pupils an example then do
drills like that of the teacher, but little in the USSR where
kerlainan rules apply reasoning skills.Reasoning skills is a skill
to encourage pupils menajana ideas creatively and critically.these
strategies help students solve problems using critical and creative
ideas are original and unique to the problem.example, a teacher
asks a student to kicking a ball doing it the right way.While other
students observe the movement of pupils of their colleagues.Then
the other disciple asked students to comment on the move that was
made by a friend of the child.From there, the student will have a
discussion to provide comments, reviews and so on.CONCLUSIONIn line
with the times and keep pace with the rapidly growing facilities,
the curriculum aims to increase the filling-good education
system.The formulation and improvement of the curriculum are made
from time to time to keep pace with the growth and development of
children at this age.Even so, each produced by a human being has
weaknesses that need to be corrected from time to time.Time will
continue to change, the child will continue expanded and expanded
in line with the changing and increasingly challenging and changing
times, from time to time.Curriculum designed to be effective and
can be adapted to the application of the maximum impact for the
overall development of the individual and capable of producing
first class human capital.Government efforts to enrich the
education system at all times is very important in helping the
generation that will rule in the future.Hope in the present and for
the future so that efforts are being carried out is not in vain and
are able to develop and produce a new generation of quality human
capital.BSR AND USSR in the teaching of Physical
EducationCURRICULUMDefinition of curriculum and curriculum goals
and objectives based on the writings of Isaac Ramly (2003), the
curriculum covers all the experience gathered in and outside the
school and what is taught in schools and classrooms.He also
classifies the curriculum into three parts, namely the curriculum
as a program designed and implemented in the school curriculum as a
program designed and implemented practically in the
classroom.curriculum is filling a culture of lifelong knowledge and
experience of an individual or group.Curriculum and serve as a
guideline for determining the boundaries of knowledge to be
presented in a certain level.School curriculum should be relevant
needs of the time.Curriculum Development Centre always formulate
curriculum in Malaysia from time to time by high flows.Curriculum
should be modified according to the needs of the pupils always keep
pace with the trends of current knowledge.
Curriculum and its relationship with the Physical Education
Syllabus.A curriculum is a written document Which may Contain many
ingredients, but basically it is a plan for the education of pupils
during your enrollment in Their given school -George A.Beauchamp
(1986)
Based on the George A. Beauchamp, he defines curriculum as a
written document in which it is contained in a variety of
materials, but basically it is a plan for the education of students
while they are in school.Formulated curriculum has a particular
interest related to the subjects of Physical Education.Curriculum
designed to help produce a balanced psychomotor ability, affective
and cognitive.Aspects of the development needs of the country j is
in the process of quality human capital formation.Education in
Malaysia has undergone a phase change in the curriculum in line
with the times to ensure that the curriculum is always relevant for
a balanced human capital that can address current and future
challenges.The curriculum is the New Primary School Curriculum
(KBSR), Integrated Curriculum for Primary Schools (KBSR) and the
latest Standard Curriculum for Primary Schools.INTEGRATED
CURRICULUM PRIMARY SCHOOL (KBSR)GOAL OF SCHOOL EDUCATIONThe goal of
the School of Education is to ensure the development of students'
potential in a balanced and integrated and covers aspects of
intellectual, spiritual, emotional and physical well-balanced for
malahirkan insane harmonious and virtuous.Goals KBSRThe goal of
primary education is to ensure the development of students'
potential in a balanced and integrated.These developments include
aspects of intellectual, spiritual, emotional and physical
development towards a balanced, harmonious and virtuous.Goals
KBSRThe goal of primary education is to ensure the development of
students' potential in a balanced and integrated.These developments
include aspects of intellectual, spiritual, emotional and physical
development towards a balanced, harmonious and virtuous.
Objective KBSRTo achieve these goals, education at the primary
level to enable to enable students to:i.mastering the Malay
language befitting its status as the national languageand the
official language of the country;ii.master basic skills of language
to speak, read and write in the languagemedium schools;iii.dominate
a strong foundation in computing skills and use them insolve
everyday problems;iv.study skills;v.thinking skills;vi. speak,
read, write and understand the English language in accordance with
the positionas a second language;vii.acquire knowledge and trying
to add;viii.build leadership skills and self-confidence;ix. have
the knowledge, understanding, interest and sensitivity to human and
environmentalenvironment;x. scientific and technical
skills;xi.understand, take advantage of, enjoy and participate in
charitable activities, arts and recreationwithin the national
culture;xii.health and fitness;xiii.acquire skills and build
enthusiasm and positive attitudeentrepreneurship and
productivity;xiv.master the skills of reading, memorizing and
understanding the meaning of certain sentencesQuran for Muslim
students;xv.believe in the fundamentals of the faith, and do deeds
of worship and practice moral behavior;xvi.build a spirit of
patriotism;xvii.develop talent and creativity;andxviii.adopt
attitudes and behaviors based on the values that makethe basis for
a way of life.Principles KBSRKBSR formulated based on the following
principles that are in line with the National Education Philosophy:
-i.Integrated Approach;ii.Development of the individual as a
whole;iii.The same education for all students;andiv.Lifelong
education.v.primary school pupils often easy to obtain knowledge
and skills through activities in the classroom skills compared with
penglaman life, hence all learning activities should be linked with
the experience of living in thevi.atmosphere of the school is
conducive to always bring big opportunities and encourage social
interaction, exchange of views and cooperation among
studentsvii.activities in the classroom should enable students to
develop critical and creative thinking and engage them actively in
the process of acquiring basic skillsviii.organization's activities
and classroom management to be flexibleix.emphasis on the
(cross-curricular)x.mastery of the 3Rs (reading, writing and
arithmetic)xi.evaluation should be in intergrasikan in all learning
activities in the classroom.Emphasis
Focus Level Ii. Mastery of the basic skills of language
(listening, speaking, reading and writing)ii. Domination numbers
and basic operation countiii. Literacy and reading, menhafaz and
appreciate the verses of Al-Quran;iv. Recognizing and understanding
the norms and values of society.
The focus of Phase IIi.Strengthening of basic language
skills;ii.Strengthening basic skills and problem-solving
mathematical operations;iii.Acquisition of knowledge and skills to
otheriv.Study Skills and Critical Thinking Skills and
Creativev.Read, memorize, understand and appreciate the teaching of
the Koran;vi.Appreciate and practice the values.Structure KBSR
KBSR structure consists of three areas, namely: -
i.Communication;ii.Man and Nature around;andiii.Individual Self
Development.
Three fields were divided into six components that are central
to the structure KBSR.These components are:
i.Basic Skills;ii.Human Environment;iii.Arts and
Health;iv.Spirituality, values and attitudesv.Life
Skills;andvi.Curriculum
Core KBSR
i.Integration;ii.Absorption;iii.Evaluation;iv.Enrichment;andv.Recovery.
Emphasis in KBSR
In implementing KBSR, emphasis was given to: -
i.Basic skills;ii.Thinking skills;iii.Across the
Curriculum;iv.Language across the curriculum;v.Patriotism across
the curriculum;vi.Teaching strategies and student-centered
learning;vii.Continuous assessment;viii.Remedial and
enrichment;ix.Volatile principle;andx.Science and technology across
the curriculum
Teaching and Learning Strategies
In the course of teaching and student-centered learning, a
teacher should be;
i.Create a stimulating learning environment;
Class physical facilities
comfortable learning space; learning corner equipped with
interactive materials; Exhibit space work; reference materials for
student use; learning materials challenging thinking.Emotional
aspects of social Use friendly language; the ability of teachers to
students, and use a variety of techniques.ii.Adopt certain
principles in the teaching and learning process.-Actively involve
students;-Conduct continuous assessment;-Create opportunities for
students to evaluate their work;-Train students to explore various
ways in completing tasks;-Provide opportunities for students to get
experience repeatedly in situationsdifferent;-Provide a learning
environment that encourages students to make
decisionsrational;-Appreciation for the efforts of students in
order to assist and build capacitybold, confident and forces
fighting;-To train students to learn skills in thinking
skills;-Take immediate action against the student's learning
problems.
iii.Teaching and Learning Methods
To make teaching and learning more meaningful, effective and fun
teachers must use methods that involve students actively.Teachers
can organize the whole class, groups, pairs or
individually.Formation of student groups based on their abilities,
almost the same or to a range of abilities.
Various methods can be carried out through the following
activities;-Simulation-Acting-Toy-Tutoring-Visit-Storytelling-Project-Brainstorm-Play
the role of-Pidato
Ratingsi.Evaluation of School-based (PKBS)ii.Operating Ratings
Primary Schooliii.Primary School Achievement Test (UPSR)INTEGRATED
CURRICULUM PHYSICAL EDUCATION PRIMARY SCHOOLGOALS:Physical
Education aims to help students become active learning through
physical activity and fitness practices.OBJECTIVES:Students
can:1.Improve and maintain health based fitness and motor
behavior;2.mastering basic movements and self-paced game,3.exercise
and physical activity as a daily routine,4.apply knowledge of
health and safety while participating in a variety of physical
activities;5.build character and self-discipline;and6.make wise
decisions in life.Syllabus of Physical Education in Integrated
Primary School Curriculum is organized into three main pillars,
namely:1.FitnessThis concept emphasizes the ability of students
cord physical activity continuously without feeling tired.The focus
is on physical fitness component-based health and motor
behavior.2.SkillsThis emphasizes the concept of core skills enable
students to do in terms of large muscle movement and muscle
halus.Tumpuan given to basic skills in games, athletics,
gymnastics, creative movement and recreation.3.SportsmanshipThis
emphasizes the concept of core knowledge and understanding in order
to strengthenthe practice of physical education and sport.The focus
is on safety, management, career, and ethical issues in physical
education and sport.CURRICULUM CONTENT ORGANIZATIONSubject content
focuses on the fitness according to the characteristics and needs
of students.The proposed approach to this subject is learning
through activities.Students should be given the opportunity to
learn the knowledge, skills and values related subjects by doing
activities, experiments and practice routine.Active participation
of each student in Physical Education class is required.Students
should be given the opportunity to express their emotions, develop
mental processes, forming healthy relationships and doing physical
activities in a constructive and safe.Physical Education experience
includes three important aspects, namely:i. Active student
participation and secure.ii. Creative interaction with materials,
tools, and partners.iii. Recordkeeping activities of the students
as evidence that learning has occurred.Standard Curriculum for
Primary Schools (USSR)Starting in 2011, all schools will be using a
new curriculum, known as the Standard Curriculum for Primary
Schools (USSR).This curriculum will be carried out in stages
throughout Malaysia beginning year 1 2011 curriculum is in line
with current developments and demand demanding a better quality of
human capital in line with the era's well-developed and
sophisticated now.Curriculum TransformationThe process of
performing a form of holistic changes to the school
curriculumExisting involving changes shape, organization, content,
pedagogy, time allocation, assessment methods, materials and
management of the school curriculum.THE CONCEPT OF TRANSFORMATION
PRIMARY SCHOOL CURRICULUMBased on the Philosophy of Education
(FPN)Principles based KBSR:-Integrated approach-Development of the
individual as a whole-Opportunities and quality education for all
students-Lifelong education B CURRICULUM OF
TRANSFORMATIONCommunication -integration of language skills in
verbal and non-verbal when interactingScience & Technology
-Mastery of scientific knowledge, skills and scientific
attitudesMastery of the knowledge and skills of mathematicsMastery
of knowledge and skills based on technologyPhysical Development
& Aesthetics -physical development and health for
well-beingFostering imagination, creativity, talent and
appreciationSpirituality, Attitude & Value -Appreciation of
religious practices, beliefs, attitudes and valuesHumanities
-Possession of knowledge and practice of community and local
environment, national and globalTo inculcate the spirit of
patriotism and unityPersonal skills -Nurturing leadership and
personal development through curricular and co-curricular
activitiesVALUE ADDED SKILLS / ELEMENTS ACROSS THE CURRICULUM
(EMK)-Creativity and innovation-Entrepreneurship-Information and
Communication Technology (ICT)STANDARDS-BASED CURRICULUMPrimary
School Curriculum Transformation enacted standards-based content
and learning standards. St Standard Content
Learning Standards
Specific statements about what students should know and can do
in a period of schooling covers the knowledge, skills and
values.
A setting of criteria or indicators of quality of learning and
achievement can be measured for each content standard.
Example of Content & Standards Learning StandardsStan
Standard Content
Learning Standards
EnglishListen, understandand to respond to any commands,
questions and messages heard correctly
EnglishListen, understand and respond correctly to various
questions orally bercapah.
EnglishAble to express a personal response to literary texts
EnglishAble to respond to:a.Book coversb.Pictures in
booksc.Characterswith guidance
MathematicsRename and determine the number
MathematicsNamed the number to 100:a.Count the number of objects
in a group.b.Naming number of groups of objects to represent
quantities.
Why Standard?Ensure ALL students passing standards.Setting
knowledge, skills and values that need to be measured
clearly.Identify strategies for improvement(assessment for
learning).Addressing the problem of dropout students in
learning.Implementation of school-based assessment.Curriculum
Materials1.Curriculum documents
2.Textbook
Content StandardLearning Standards
Modular Berpendekatan
,Ped Pedagogy ThinkingLearn How to Learn
Application of Multiple Intelligences TheoryMastery Learning
Self-Access LearningPembelanjaran In Contextual
Lessons ConstructivismBased Learning Future
Use of Information Technology and Komuinikasi (TMK)
Pent AssessmentPent Assessment of R & DConducted on an
ongoing basis to track the progress and achievement of pupils in
learningUsing a variety of assessment methodsBe authentic and
holisticCURRICULUM STANDARDS FOR PHYSICAL EDUCATION PRIMARY
SCHOOLStandard Curriculum for Physical Education was formed based
on content standards and learning standards that students need to
master and accomplish.Content standards is a clear statement of
what students should know and can do in a period of schooling that
includes skills, knowledge and values.Learning standards are a set
of criteria or measure the performance of each content
standard.Standard Curriculum for Physical Education itself still
contains the principles found in the New Primary School Curriculum
(KBSR) Physical Education and also using International Standards
for Physical Education and Sports School Students by the
International Council for Health, Physical Education, Recreational,
Sports And Dance (ICHPER-SD) as a guide.This new curriculum retains
the three main domains of education ie psychomotor, cognitive and
affective very important in educating and guiding the next
generation.Drafting of the Standard Curriculum for Primary School
Physical Education major seeks to fulfill the aspirations of the
National Education Philosophy to produce a balanced and harmonious
intellectually, emotionally, spiritually, and physically.The
curriculum is also able to provide students towards building the
human capital of a healthy and active.Not only the students who
have the knowledge and skills required in the USSR Physical
Education, teachers and even the Standard Curriculum for Primary
School Physical Education Year One should have the basic knowledge
and skills as contained in movement skills and fitness based
discipline of Physical Education.Which involves motor learning,
motor development, biomechanics, conditioning, exercise physiology,
sports psychology, sports sociology, aesthetics and value.Teaching
and learning Primary School Standard Curriculum Physical Education
should be implemented in a relaxed atmosphere and environment with
emphasis on safety.GOALStandard Curriculum for Primary School
Physical Education seeks to develop students to become fit and
healthy individuals with skills, knowledge and values through the
practice of physical activity to achieve
well-being.OBJECTIVESAccording to documents KSSR Physical Education
Syllabus Year 1, pupils who follow the teaching and learning of the
Standard Curriculum for Primary Schools Physical Education will be
able to: -1.Perform basic skills with correct behavior according to
the concept of movement.2.Develop skills in movement and motor
skills.3.Identify the correct body position while performing the
movement.4.Identifying activities to increase fitness
levels.5.Knowing the importance of regular physical
activity.6.Demonstrate personal responsibility while doing physical
activity.7.Perform physical activity in a fun and safe
environment.8.Comply with the rules and adopt safety measures while
doing physical activity.9.Adopt a healthy lifestyle to
wellness.FOCUS OF SUBJECTSThere are three focus Standard Curriculum
for Primary School Physical Education for Year One pupils develop
basic skills of movement and motor skills, introduce the concept of
health-related fitness, and promote security element, personal
responsibility, and social interaction during physical
activity.CONTENT ORGANIZATIONPhysical Education Curriculum KSSR
organized in a modular.In a modular curriculum, content grouped
into sections called modules.Modules include learning content in
the form of self-contained unit (self-contained) which consists of
knowledge, skills and values that have been identified for
controlled and accessed.Physical Education Curriculum Year One is
built on five aspects:Aspect 1: Movement Skills.Students master the
motor skills and movement patterns needed to perform a variety of
physical activities through the concept of movement, basic
pergerkan lokomoto involving movement, not locomotor, rhythmic
movement and manipulation tools.Others involve sports noteworthy
that basic gymnastics and aquatics base.Finally, recreation and
leisure activities.Aspect 2: Application of Knowledge in MovementBy
Aspect 2, students can apply their knowledge of concepts,
principles and strategies of movement in learning and developing
motor skills in performing physical activities.Aspect 3: Improving
Health FitnessPupils capable of improving and maintaining fitness
levels for health and physical performance through the concept of
fitness and health components of fitness based on aerobic capacity,
flexibility, strength and endurance, and body composition.Aspect 4:
Application of Knowledge to Improve FitnessApply knowledge of
concepts, principles and strategies to improve health and fitness
physical performance.Aspect5: SportsmanshipBy Aspect 5, pupils
capable of strengthening the practice of Physical Education through
the security element, sociological and psychological concepts,
principles and strategies in physical activity effectively
involving:1.security and management,2.Self-responsibility,3.social
interaction, and4.group dynamics.ANALYSIS METHODSLetter-diff.We
have chosen to use the method of appeal widely to analyze the
relevance of the theory used by the teaching methods used in KBSR
and USSR.Disunity between its different is its appeal:FEATURES
Compare and contrast-Similarities and differences in each item to
be evaluated.-Subjects who used to be fit and have a different
subject for dibandingbezakan like KSSR dibandingbeza with KBSR
about the advantages and disadvantages of each.Dibandingbezakan
-Topik want to be clear and proven facts such as the application
environment improves learning in KBSR and USSR.-Restructuring
discussions diff appeal must be organized in a specific
order.-Keutamaan Given to important aspects of the features that
are important to the least important features.-Aspects that should
be evaluated together with examples in order to provide more
detailed explanations about every aspect of facilitating compare
the difference between two things.-Have a complete
solution.TEACHING METHODS AND KSSR KBSRINTEGRATED CURRICULUM
PRIMARY SCHOOL (KBSR)Methods that can be used by teachers to carry
out the teaching and learning of physical education is the direct
method.This method is concerned with the teacher.A teacher makes
all or most of the decisions about what, how and when an activity
is started based on objective requirements.This method is based on
the direction and tasks assigned by the teacher.This method is
based on the Behavioral Learning Theory (Behavioristic) who
explains that learning occurs from outside to inside through the
reconstruction of the events correctly (Gallahue, 1993).Teachers
are considered to know how to do the movement skills in the right
way.For example, in a classroom teaching and learning (p & p)
made physical education.Teachers to teach core skills of locomotor
skills titled basic movement.Teachers will teach students to
perform a range of locomotor activity with at least 3 to 4
individual movement activities so skilled individually and
collectively.To that end, students will practice to master these
skills until they are proficient.Once they have mastered these
skills, the teacher will ask the students to demonstrate their
range of movement and activity in lokomotor.Guru movement will
explain orally why should dihayunkan hands and so on.In addition,
students will also be asked to sketch and label the body parts
involved while doing the activity locomotor movements.The
advantageof this method is very effective method, focused on
wishing to learn, t Ye are many opportunities for misunderstanding
and misinterpretation, and structured learning environment.However,
the disadvantage of this method is that it does not take into
account individual differences (suitability of development),
consider student learning and achieve the same progress
(appropriate age group). Methods are also more concerned about the
goals or outcomes of learning experiences from the learning
process.CURRICULUM STANDARDS PRIMARY SCHOOL (USSR)Methods that can
be used by teachers to carry out the teaching and learning of
physical education is the indirect method.This method is
student-centered.It is based on the philosophy that learning is
more than repeat and imitate correct.Learning should also through
trial, problem solving and self-discovery.It is based on Cognitive
Learning Theory mengangapkan learning as a process that occurs from
the inside out and the learning process is just as important adalag
dangan the learning outcomes.In the USSR, locomotor skills, such as
walking, running, jumping, etc. lokotor rhythmic taught separately
in each unit title.Pupils will learn each movement more clearly and
in detail and apply their knowledge and experience in performing
each activity carried out by the teacher.For example, in one p
& p running skills focused on the ability of students to
perform the skills to run correctly.Teachers will give them an
activity, such as running free, running a variety of ways, and ran
in different directions.Pupils will attempt to explore the
activities they do with their own ideas and creativity.This will
encourage students to think critically in a way to solve the
problem of fun while doing their newly learned skills.Indirectly,
the students will be able to identify the direction of movement of
the left, right, front, back, top and bottom.At the end of the p
& p, the teacher will review the proficiency of pupils in
detail for use in future revisions.The advantage of this indirect
method is membolehkan students set goals to achieve this way,
giving freedom to students and give them the opportunity to be
responsible, to take into account differences among students and
provide opportunities for students to experience success at their
own level of ability.The downside of this method is the memakan
time as more time for trial and error and interrogation, and
requires teachers to practice and be patient.Teachers who are not
familiar with this style is always a problem to use it effectively.
Besides, s ukar to control the class and s ukar to ensure
continuity in their education.INTRODUCTION TO THE THEORY OF
ECOLOGICALEcological theory was developed by Urie Bronfenbrenner
(1917).Development of ecological theory is the theory that
emphasizes the influence of the environment on the development of
t