The Design and Evaluation of Beahvior Change Tech

• 1. The Design and Evaluation of Behavior Change Technologies: Research at the Intersection of Behavioral Science, HCI/CS, and EngineeringEric Hekler Assistant Prof, Nutrition & Health Promotion Arizona State University [email protected] www.designinghealth.orgSeminar for CIDSE 11/1/2

2. Outline Who am I? Why Behavior Change Technologies? BCT Development Model Projects mHealth Physical Activity Interventions DIY Self-Experimentation Toolkit Online Support Group Other BCT-related Projects at SNHP 3. Outline Who am I? Why Behavior Change Technologies? BCT Development Model Projects mHealth Physical Activity Interventions DIY Self-Experimentation Toolkit Online Support Group Other BCT-related Projects at SNHP 4. Who we areSoftware Programming and Development Core Lead Programmer 5. Outline Who am I? Why Behavior Change Technologies? HCI/Behavioral Science Combined Process Projects mHealth Physical Activity Interventions DIY Self-Experimentation Toolkit Online Support Group Other BCT-related Projects at SNHP 6. http://youtu.be/QPKKQnijnsM Why care about BCTs?Flickr just.LucFlickr-meanMrmustard 7. Digital technologies arePervasive Interconnected Powerful enough to tackle the complexity?Flickr Stuck in Customs 8. Health is complexIndividual characteristics Over the lifespan 9. We want Behavior Change Technologies that are Evidence-based Cost-effective Personalized Easy to disseminate Promote maintenance Fit into a persons daily life Financially self-sustaining 10. Behaviora l ScienceBehavior Change TechnologiesEngineeringHuman ComputerInteractionHekler, Klasnja, Froehlich, & Buman, 2013, SIGCHI; Hekler, Klasnja, Travers, & Hendriks, 2013 IEEE Pulse 11. Outline Who am I? Why Behavior Change Technologies? BCT Development Model Projects mHealth Physical Activity Interventions DIY Self-Experimentation Toolkit Online Support Group Other BCT-related Projects at SNHP 12. Mind the Theoretical Gap: Interpreting, Using, and Developing Behavioral Theory in HCI ResearchEric HeklerPredrag KlasnjaJon FroehlichMatthew BumanAssistant Prof, Nutrition & Health Promotion Arizona State University [email protected] Prof, iSchool U. of Michigan [email protected] Prof, CS U. of Maryland [email protected] Prof, Nutrition & Health Promotion Arizona State University [email protected] 13. GoalHCI/Design The design and creation of useful and usable technologies and interactions.Behavioral Science The systematic search for generalizable truths about behavior to create effective interventions.Hekler, Klasnja, Froehlich, & Buman, 2013, SIGCHIflickr Amyn Kassam 14. The design, creation, and evaluation of useful and usable technologies to effectively promote behavior change for positive societal change.Flickr ecstaticistHekler, Klasnja, Froehlich, & Buman, 2013, SIGCHI 15. Nine Questions for BCT Development DEFINE THE PROBLEM 1) What behavior(s) are you trying to change for whom? 2) What influences target behavior(s) for this user group? 3) How can we change the target behavior(s)? DESIGN THE TECHNOLOGY & USER EXPERIENCE 4) How can technology support behavior change? 5) How should individual features work? 6) How is technology used and experienced? DETERMINE IF IT WORKS 7) How are features working to change the target behavior? Klasnja, Hekler, Froehlich, & Buman, Manuscript Submitted for Publication 16. Defining the Behavior 17. Designing Behavior Change ClassSyllabus: 18. Class Projectswk6wk18Develop an SMS health behavior Intervention.Use theory to make yourself healthier.Use previous work, theory, and UX Design to iterate on a health intervention.Family & FriendsSelfTargeted User GroupPre/Post ComparisonBaseline Intervention Baseline StudyIterate at least 3 times Test with A vs. B experimentsMethodsFocuswk4Who?wk1Syllabus: 19. Outline Who am I? Why Behavior Change Technologies? BCT Development Model Projects mHealth Physical Activity Interventions DIY Self-Experimentation Toolkit Online Support Group Other BCT-related Projects at SNHP 20. ProjectsIndividual characteristicsOver the lifespan*** ****PI/ Co-PI 21. mHealth Physical Activity Interventions 22. MILES Study Develop theoretically meaningful smartphone apps for midlife & older adults Physical activity & behaviorsedentary Passively assess PA & SB Feedback for behavior changeAbby King 23. Activity Monitor Validation N=15, Men & Women, Mean Age=55 12 laboratory-based activities 3-4 min each Hip- and pocket-worn Android phones Compared to Actigraph & Zephyr BioharnessHekler et al. Manuscript in Preparation 24. Validation ResultsHekler et al. Manuscript in Preparation 25. Validation ResultsHekler et al. Manuscript in Preparation 26. The smartphone apps mTrackmSmilesmConnectCalorificHekler et al. 2011, Personal Informatics Workshop at CHI Design paper King, Hekler, et al. 2013 PLoS One, King, Hekler, et al. Manuscript in Preparation 27. Componentsstudy arms mConnec mTrack mSmiles t Calorific Push component X X X X Pull component X X X X "Glance-able" display X X X X Passive activity assessment X X X X Real-time feedback X X X X Self-monitoring X X X X Help tab X X X X Goal-setting X X Feedback about goals X X Problem-solving X X Reinforcement X X X Variable reinforcement schedule X X Attachment X "Play" X "Jack pot" random reinforcement X Hekler et al. 2011, Personal Informatics Workshop at CHI Design paper Social norm comparison X King, Hekler, et al. 2013 PLoS One, King, Hekler, et al. Manuscript in Preparation 28. MILES Study Design PrestudyBaseline Week1 Visit1Follow upFeedback Week2Week8Visit2, check inVisit3 mTrack (Analytic App)RandomizemSmiles (Affect App) mConnect (Social App) Diet Tracker Control App)Assess:Assess:Activity Assessment, ContinuousModerators Self-report Ecological Momentary Assessment, Daily PA, Sed Beh Real-time use of phone featuresAcceptability Self-report PA, Sed BehKing, Hekler, et al. 2013 PLoS One, King, Hekler, et al. Manuscript in Preparation 29. min/week of activity at study completionPhysical Activity - 8wk Results300 250 200 150Brisk walking (min/week)100 50MVPA (min/week)0 AnalyticSocial Smartphone AppsAffect Paired t [60] = 5.3, p