The Declaration of Independence. What philosophical movement occurred in Europe during the 17 th and 18 th centuries? The EnlightenmentThe Enlightenment.

The Declaration of The Declaration of IndependenceIndependence

What philosophical What philosophical movement occurred in movement occurred in

Europe during the 17Europe during the 17thth and and 1818thth centuries? centuries?

• The EnlightenmentThe Enlightenment

What new ideas developed in What new ideas developed in Europe during the Europe during the Enlightenment?Enlightenment?

• Ideas about the rights of Ideas about the rights of people and their relationship people and their relationship to their rulersto their rulers

What 17What 17thth century century philosopher led the philosopher led the

British Enlightenment?British Enlightenment?

• John LockeJohn Locke

Whose ideas influenced the Whose ideas influenced the American colonists’ belief American colonists’ belief

in self-government?in self-government?

• John LockeJohn Locke

What “natural rights” did What “natural rights” did Locke believe all people Locke believe all people

possessed?possessed?

• LifeLife

• LibertyLiberty

• PropertyProperty

What did Locke mean by the What did Locke mean by the term “social contract”?term “social contract”?

• The people voluntarily agree The people voluntarily agree among themselves to form a among themselves to form a government to protect their government to protect their rights.rights.

• The people promise to obey the The people promise to obey the laws made by this government.laws made by this government.

According to Locke, how According to Locke, how were the government’s were the government’s

powers limited?powers limited?

• Limited to those powers Limited to those powers which the people decided to which the people decided to give the governmentgive the government

According to Locke, whenever According to Locke, whenever government becomes a threat government becomes a threat to the people’s natural rights, to the people’s natural rights,

what right do the people what right do the people have?have?

• The right to change or The right to change or overthrow the governmentoverthrow the government

How were John Locke’s How were John Locke’s ideas radical or extreme?ideas radical or extreme?

•Challenged the idea of Challenged the idea of dictatorial rule by kingsdictatorial rule by kings

When did colonial When did colonial resistance against British resistance against British

rule reach a climax?rule reach a climax?

• When the Continental When the Continental Congress adopted Congress adopted The The Declaration of IndependenceDeclaration of Independence

What types of ideas What types of ideas inspired the inspired the

American Revolution?American Revolution?

• Ideas about natural rightsIdeas about natural rights

• Ideas about political Ideas about political (governmental) authority(governmental) authority

What pamphlet did Thomas What pamphlet did Thomas Paine publish in 1776?Paine publish in 1776?

•Common SenseCommon Sense

What did What did Common Common SenseSense challenge? challenge?

• The rule of the American The rule of the American colonies by the King of colonies by the King of EnglandEngland

What was the effect of What was the effect of the publication of the publication of Common SenseCommon Sense??

• A growing American A growing American desire for independence desire for independence from Englandfrom England

When did the Continental When did the Continental Congress adopt Congress adopt The The

Declaration of IndependenceDeclaration of Independence??

• July 4, 1776July 4, 1776

Who wrote the final draft of Who wrote the final draft of

The Declaration of The Declaration of IndependenceIndependence??

•Thomas JeffersonThomas Jefferson

Whose ideas did Thomas Whose ideas did Thomas Jefferson borrow, when he Jefferson borrow, when he wrote wrote The Declaration of The Declaration of

Independence?Independence?

• Thomas Paine Thomas Paine andand

• John LockeJohn Locke

Who wrote that all men Who wrote that all men have the right to “life, have the right to “life, liberty and property”?liberty and property”?

• John LockeJohn Locke

Who wrote that all men have Who wrote that all men have the right to “life, liberty, and the right to “life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness”?the pursuit of happiness”?

• Thomas JeffersonThomas Jefferson

What ideas did Thomas What ideas did Thomas Jefferson borrow from Jefferson borrow from

Thomas Paine?Thomas Paine?

• Grievances against the KingGrievances against the King

• In other words, the ways In other words, the ways King George III had King George III had mistreated the American mistreated the American colonistscolonists

What two realities of What two realities of American life in 1776 American life in 1776

conflicted with the promise of conflicted with the promise of equality in equality in The Declaration of The Declaration of

IndependenceIndependence??

• 1)1) African-American slaveryAfrican-American slavery

• 2) Most Americans could not 2) Most Americans could not vote in 1776vote in 1776

How has the United How has the United States expressed its States expressed its

search for equality since search for equality since 1776?1776?

•By the right to voteBy the right to vote

What has been a major What has been a major theme in American history theme in American history

since 1776?since 1776?

•Expansion of Expansion of democracydemocracy

How has the United States How has the United States expanded the right to vote expanded the right to vote

since 1776?since 1776?

• From only adult white males From only adult white males who owned property and who owned property and belonged to a particular belonged to a particular church to all Americans who church to all Americans who were at least 18 years-oldwere at least 18 years-old

What two constitutional What two constitutional amendments guarantee amendments guarantee

due process of law?due process of law?

• The 5The 5thth Amendment Amendment

• The 14The 14thth Amendment Amendment

What two things does the What two things does the right of due process right of due process

guarantee?guarantee?

• That a person accused of That a person accused of a crime receives a fair triala crime receives a fair trial

• That the state does not That the state does not take away a person’s life, take away a person’s life, liberty, or property liberty, or property without following proper without following proper proceduresprocedures

As part of the United States’ As part of the United States’ search for equality, what right do search for equality, what right do

all fifty states guarantee to all fifty states guarantee to America’s children?America’s children?

• The right to a free public The right to a free public educationeducation

In what two ways have the In what two ways have the key principles of key principles of The The

Declaration of Declaration of IndependenceIndependence increased increased

liberty for American liberty for American minorities?minorities?

• Ending African-American Ending African-American slavery by the 13slavery by the 13thth AmendmentAmendment

• Giving civil rights to Giving civil rights to American minoritiesAmerican minorities

What did “the pursuit of What did “the pursuit of happiness” mean for the happiness” mean for the

Revolutionary generation?Revolutionary generation?

• The chance to benefit The chance to benefit from America’s free from America’s free enterprise systementerprise system

With what belief of John With what belief of John Locke did Jefferson equate Locke did Jefferson equate “the pursuit of happiness”?“the pursuit of happiness”?

• The belief in property The belief in property rightsrights

What are all Americans What are all Americans supposed to possess a supposed to possess a

chance to achieve?chance to achieve?

• Financial success Financial success through hard workthrough hard work

What principles have What principles have become the unifying ideas become the unifying ideas of American democracy?of American democracy?

• The key ideas of The key ideas of The The Declaration of IndependenceDeclaration of Independence

In what three ways has the In what three ways has the U.S. government followed U.S. government followed

the principles of the principles of The The Declaration of Declaration of

IndependenceIndependence as a road as a road map for the American map for the American

republic?republic?

• Given more people the right Given more people the right to voteto vote

• Provided equality of Provided equality of opportunity to all Americans opportunity to all Americans

• Guaranteed all Americans Guaranteed all Americans “unalienable rights”“unalienable rights”

What term means the What term means the right to vote?right to vote?

• The franchiseThe franchise

What does the term What does the term “unalienable rights” mean?“unalienable rights” mean?

• Rights that cannot be Rights that cannot be given away or taken awaygiven away or taken away