The Decade of Nondirection 1950s: a blend of R&B, C&W and pop , creating rock & roll 1960s: a fragmented music market where the Beatles overwhelmed all markets Rock eventually blended with other styles to create folk rock, soul music, jazz rock, and art rock Mainstream rock was rejuvenated by the British in the mid-1960s and created 2 styles: The harder blues-based style (Stones) This then turned into “acid” or “psychedelic rock” The refined, expansionist style (Beatles) Early 1970s: what styles will appear now??? In the early 1970s: Beatles were disbanding 4 students were killed at Kent State University Vietnam War protest Jimi Hendrix, Janis Joplin, Jim Morrison all pass away Altamont violence just happened in December 1969
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The Decade of Nondirection 1950s: a blend of R&B, C&W and pop, creating rock & roll 1960s: a fragmented music market where the Beatles overwhelmed.
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The Decade of Nondirection 1950s: a blend of R&B, C&W and pop , creating rock & roll 1960s: a fragmented music market where the Beatles overwhelmed all
markets Rock eventually blended with other styles to create folk rock, soul music, jazz
rock, and art rock Mainstream rock was rejuvenated by the British in the mid-1960s and created 2
styles: The harder blues-based style (Stones)
This then turned into “acid” or “psychedelic rock” The refined, expansionist style (Beatles)
Early 1970s: what styles will appear now???
In the early 1970s: Beatles were disbanding 4 students were killed at Kent State University Vietnam War protest Jimi Hendrix, Janis Joplin, Jim Morrison all pass away Altamont violence just happened in December 1969
The youth movement was gone; the youth thought there would be no new exciting trends, revolutionary styles or musical giants. Instead: fragmentation, reaction and continuation.
Factors that characterize the 1970s:
1) The fragmentation of the market Roots laying in the “me first” mentality
Self-realization, self-fulfillment; people wanting to “find themselves” Students concerned with acquiring skills needed for jobs and making money Many of these students were tired of the “heavy” stuff and went back to simpler
styles of disco, country-oriented rock and hard rock Society fragmented into self-interest groups (black, white, male, female,
youth, adult, lower class, upper class, etc) Went from an “either/or” society to a “multiple option” society Radio discovered “formatting”; programming certain styles for a specific
audience Music was divided and segregated into categories and genres
The Decade of Nondirection (cont)
Factors that characterize the 1970s (cont):
2) The consolidation of power within the record industry By the end of the 1970s, the rock market was controlled by 6 major
companies Each fragment of the market was given the product it wanted Stick to the product that works; one they know, understand, and like
Across all 1970s music:
Electronic technology- the synthesizer was in almost every style
Sound reproduction- new heights of sophistication
Recording studio technology- unlimited spectrum of possibilities
Therefore, the 70s is know as the decade of electronic rock
The Decade of Nondirection (cont)
The British Keep Coming The rock mainstream split in the 1970s:
The harder, blues-based (Stones) British art rock trend – eventually fragmented further art rock became known as “progressive rock” “heavy metal”- increased the “hardness” “glitter rock” or “glam rock”- a visual/theatrical distinction Others rebelled against everything and developed the “punk” trend
The refined, expansionist (Beatles) trend: Art rock Top 40 oriented- commercially popular sound
The British Keep ComingEric Clapton & Cream Was a member of the Bluesbreakers and Yardbirds Formed Cream in 1966 (a rock trio)
Their second album, Disraeli Gears (1967), has many improvisational solos “Sunshine of Your Love” (#5 in 1968) uses a very common riff
Wheels of Fire (1968) uses the 12-bar blues “Politician” “Crossroads”
The band broke up in late 1968 Formed the short-lived band, Derek and the Dominoes (1970-
1972) “Layla” – written about his on-and-off love affair with Patti Harrison
Ocean Boulevard released under his own name in 1974 “I Shot the Sheriff”- a #1 hit composed by Bob Marley
The British Keep Coming (cont)Rod Stewart Born in London in 1945 Helped form the Jeff Beck Group in 1967 By 1970, he joined the group Faces & also pursued a solo career His 2nd album: Gasoline Alley (1970)
Hard-rocking album with blues roots Stewart had a hoarse, raspy voice, perfect for the shouting traditionh
of blues-based mainstream rock 3rd album: Every Picture Tells a Story (1971 and #1)
“Maggie May” (#1 in 1971) Atlantic Crossing (1975- made the Top 10)
Some feel his post-1975 work falls short of his earlier blues-based classics
The Gentler Side of the BritishFleetwood Mac Formed in 1967 from the John Mayall’s Bluesbreakers Debuted as the quartet in August 1967- Jeremy Spencer,
Peter Green, Mick Fleetwood, John McVie In the early 1970s, they transitioned from a strong blues
base style to a softer style Moved to Los Angeles by 1974 with a new lineup: Fleetwood,
two McVies, Stevie Nicks, and Lindsey Buckingham Fleetwood Mac (1975) became their first #1 album Rumours (1977)
“Dreams” (#1) “Go Your Own Way”
By the 1980s, many members pursued individual careers, including Stevie Nix
Mainstream Rock in the StatesCreedence Clearwater Revival (CCR) Led by John Fogerty in San Francisco Formed as a high school group called the Blue Velvets in 1959;
group later became known as the Golliwogs and then CCR in 1967 Remade the hit “Suzie Q” by Dale Hawkins (#11 in 1968) 2nd album: Bayou Country (1969)- fosters the deep southern image
“Proud Mary” (#2 in 1969) Willy and the Poorboys
“It Came Out of the Sky” “Down on the Corner” “Cotton Fields”
1971- Tom Fogerty left the band (John’s brother) They released Mardi Gras but it was not as successful October 1971- they disbanded
Mainstream Rock in the States (cont)Steve Miller Raised in Dallas and liked R&B Moved to Chicago to play with Muddy Waters Moved to San Francisco in 1966 and formed his own band
He remained with the blues-based rock instead of joining the acid rock scene
His big break was his 9th Album: The Joker (# 2 in 1973) “The Joker” (#1)
1982: Abracadabra (#3) “Abracadabra” (#1)
His music showed his blues roots with a little country and the old San Francisco sound
Mainstream Rock in the States (cont)Sly and the Family Stone Sylvester Stewart was born in 1944 in Dallas but moved to California He created “psychedelic soul”- soul music with psychedelic rock His group, The Stoners, became known as “Sly and the Family Stone”
in 1967 Dance to the Music (1968)- title song made top 10 4th album: Stand! (#13 in 1969)
“Everyday People” (#1) They performed at Woodstock in 1969
The Woodstock film enhanced their popularity “I Want to Take You Higher”
Their style combined many elements: Funky beat with bass line and jazzy/soul hornline The guitar work was the psychedelic sound of San Francisco Their lyrics were drug-, black-, and youth-oriented Typically 2 or 3 lead singers on one sing
Mainstream Rock in the States (cont)The Allman Brothers 1969- Duane and Gregg Allman (born in Nashville in 1946/47)
formed the group A sextet with 2 drummers and a dual lead guitar format Initiated the southern rock trend
Their breakthrough was the live album At Fillmore East (1971) “In Memory of Elizabeth Reed” “Whipping Post”
Duane died in a motorcycle accident in October 1971 His last recordings were on the double album, Eat a Peach (#4 in 1972) The bassist was killed in a motorcycle accident near Duane’s accident a
year later Brothers and Sisters (#1 in 1973)
“Southbound”- a 12-bar blues blending R&B and rock 1976- the band had fragmented
Mainstream Rock in the States (cont)Foreigner An international band- 3 New Yorkers and 3 Londoners Formed in 1976 and signed with Atlantic Records Foreigner (1977) was their first album Also moved from hard rock to heavy metal to softer side for contrast 4 (#1 album in 1981)
“Waiting for a Girl Like You” Agent Provocateur (1984)
“I Want to Know What Love Is” (#1 in 1985) – power ballad
Mainstream Rock in the EightiesBruce Springsteen Born in 1949 in Freehold, NJ and worked throughout NJ and NYC 1972- signed a deal with Columbia Records thanks to John
Hammond Born To Run (1975) broke top 5
“Born To Run” (#23 in 1975) Side 2 features Clarence Clemons on saxophone Bruce’s voice was raw and unsophisticated Lyrics are related to the folk rock trend- discusses average working-person
themes “Meeting Across the River” “Jungleland”
Born in the U.S.A. (#1 in 1984) “Born in the U.S.A.” (#9) “Dancing in the Dark” (#2) “Cover Me” (#7)
Mainstream Rock in the Eighties (cont)U2 Formed in 1976 in Ireland Island Records signed the band to a contract in 1980 War became #12 in 1983 Under a Blood Red Sky was #28 (live album)
“Sunday Bloody Sunday” “New Years Day”
The Unforgettable Fire (#12) “4th of July”- has a New Age feeling “Bad”- repetitive and minimalistic “MLK” – Bono’s vocal abilities are taxed
Mainstream Rock in the Eighties (cont)U2 (cont) The Joshua Tree (#1 in 1987)
The group was together for 11 years without a change in membership Was awarded a Grammy- “Album of the Year” “With or Without You” “I Still Haven’t Found What I’m Looking For” “Where The Streets Have No Name”
Rattle and Hum (#1 in 1988) Double album that adds other stars to the songs “Helter Skelter” “Hawkmoon”
Achtung Baby (#1 in 1991) Zooropa (#1 in 1993)
“The First Time” All That You Can’t Leave Behind (#3 in 2000)
“Beautiful Day” “Stuck in a Moment That You Can’t Get Out Of”
Rock LyricsEarly Topics 1950s- boy-girl romance, good times, teenage life in the 1950s 1960s-the folk trend brought about social and political issues,
promoted change in society, provided a better way of life
Drugs 1967- drugs became explicit and obvious (no longer a double
entendre) Since the 1960s- artists reflected the drug-oriented segment of the
rock community and spread the pro-drug message to a broader audience Therefore yes, rock music was an active agent in the growing use of drugs
Sex The late 1960s had more explicit sexual references It remained constant through the 1970s and intensified in the 1980s Two aspects: 1) combination of sex and violence, 2) fascination of
“deviant” sexual behavior
Rock Lyrics (cont)Rebellion The more the adult society did not like it, the more kids did It became a youth society The rebellion of the 70s and 80s grew increasingly angry and
negative Including against school, parents and other authority figures Rappers then carried these topics further against women, police, and white
people There was a trend towards the occult and satanism
Suicide A few songs were fascinated in death in the late 50s and early 60s By the 1980s, suicide rates had tripled and was the 2nd leading cause
of death of people under 25 yrs old, many of which committed suicide while listening to suicide-oriented songs
Not all rock-and-roll lyrics deal explicitly or implicitly with drugs, sex, violent rebellion, satanism and suicide.