The Day of the Black Blizzard A Day in the Life of A Dust Bowl Farmer.

The Day of the The Day of the Black BlizzardBlack Blizzard

A Day in the Life of A A Day in the Life of A Dust Bowl FarmerDust Bowl Farmer

IntroductionIntroduction Today the Great Today the Great

Plains is again a place Plains is again a place of dust and drought. of dust and drought. In the early 1930’s it In the early 1930’s it started like this, and started like this, and farm families learned farm families learned to cope with swirling to cope with swirling soil, as they awaited soil, as they awaited a saving rain, then a saving rain, then came Palm Sunday, came Palm Sunday, 1935, the day the 1935, the day the Dust Bowl was born.Dust Bowl was born.

8:00 AM8:00 AM The day broke with a clear, The day broke with a clear,

clean sun over the Great clean sun over the Great Plains, a blue skied Plains, a blue skied morning the likes of which morning the likes of which hadn’t been seen in hadn’t been seen in months. Farm families in months. Farm families in northwestern Kansas shook northwestern Kansas shook off their dust blues and off their dust blues and looked forward to a day of looked forward to a day of life the way it used to be, life the way it used to be, back when people weren’t back when people weren’t afraid to visit neighbors or afraid to visit neighbors or go to 4-H meetings for fear go to 4-H meetings for fear of getting caught in a dust of getting caught in a dust storm.storm.

8:00 AM 8:00 AM Many families came to Many families came to

visit the clapboard visit the clapboard churches scattered along churches scattered along the countryside. Others the countryside. Others decided to celebrate decided to celebrate Palm Sunday by going for Palm Sunday by going for rides in their rides in their automobiles; still others automobiles; still others saw the break in the saw the break in the weather as a chance to weather as a chance to catch up on chores they catch up on chores they didn’t dare attempt when didn’t dare attempt when the dust was flying.the dust was flying.

8:00 AM8:00 AM On a farm 17 miles On a farm 17 miles

northeast of Dodge City, northeast of Dodge City, Kansas, Harley Holladay’s Kansas, Harley Holladay’s mother worked away on mother worked away on the rugs and upholstered the rugs and upholstered chairs that had been chairs that had been moved onto the lawn. She moved onto the lawn. She had already hung laundry had already hung laundry on the line, for once on the line, for once confident that it wouldn’t confident that it wouldn’t come back into the house come back into the house dirtier than when it left.dirtier than when it left.

8:00 AM8:00 AM Inside homes the dust Inside homes the dust

was almost as bad. was almost as bad. Women like Mrs. Holladay Women like Mrs. Holladay had learned to knead had learned to knead bread dough inside bread dough inside drawers just wide enough drawers just wide enough for two hands, to stir pots for two hands, to stir pots quickly, and above all, to quickly, and above all, to keep all water you didn’t keep all water you didn’t want turning into red mud want turning into red mud inside sealed mason jars. inside sealed mason jars. But on this day hope was But on this day hope was in the air. 13 year old in the air. 13 year old Harley went down to the Harley went down to the horse pond to skip stones.horse pond to skip stones.

8:00 AM8:00 AM In Dodge City Art Leonard In Dodge City Art Leonard

returned from church with returned from church with his family. Neighbors and his family. Neighbors and friends congregated in friends congregated in the Leonard's living room the Leonard's living room making small talk, a making small talk, a luxury these days. Art luxury these days. Art could stay only a little could stay only a little while before he had to while before he had to leave for work at his leave for work at his father’s tire store. During father’s tire store. During the Depression most the Depression most families could not afford a families could not afford a day of rest.day of rest.

12:00 PM12:00 PM By noon the mercury had By noon the mercury had

climbed to 90 degrees, the climbed to 90 degrees, the hottest day of the year so hottest day of the year so far. Suddenly the far. Suddenly the temperature began to fall, temperature began to fall, as much as 50 degrees in as much as 50 degrees in a few hours. Chattering a few hours. Chattering birds gathered in yards birds gathered in yards and along roadways, and along roadways, hundreds of them hundreds of them fluttering nervously. No fluttering nervously. No one knew what was one knew what was making the birds so making the birds so anxious. They soon would.anxious. They soon would.

2:40 PM2:40 PM Harley looked up as his last Harley looked up as his last

stoned skipped across the stoned skipped across the water. A massive, boiling water. A massive, boiling cloud darkened the horizon. cloud darkened the horizon. He ran to the house to warn He ran to the house to warn his family. He helped scoop his family. He helped scoop laundry, rugs and chairs and laundry, rugs and chairs and threw them into the house in threw them into the house in awkward bundles. With the awkward bundles. With the last load in his arms, Harley last load in his arms, Harley turned back to the house, but turned back to the house, but now the sky was almost coal now the sky was almost coal black. He was only a few feet black. He was only a few feet from the porch when he had from the porch when he had to fall on his hands and knees to fall on his hands and knees and crawl before he could and crawl before he could find the house. find the house.

2:40 PM2:40 PM

To many who stood in To many who stood in the clear air watching the clear air watching the billowing wave the billowing wave approach, the wrath of approach, the wrath of God was at hand. The God was at hand. The cold boil of dust more cold boil of dust more than 7,000 feet high than 7,000 feet high rolled over them, a dry rolled over them, a dry tidal wave engulfing tidal wave engulfing everything in its path. everything in its path. Escape was Escape was impossible.impossible.

2:40 PM2:40 PM Art Leonard, on his way to

work, had to inch his way to his father’s store. Drivers stuck in the storm put on their headlights, but it didn't do much good. Neighbors out for a Sunday drive crashed into one another. Drivers had another problem too. The static electricity caused by millions of dirt particles rubbing together shorted out ignitions. It also jammed radio broadcasts and created an eerie outline along the metal edges of windmill blades and fences. When he looked out the window Harley was struck by what he saw- balls of electricity dancing along the barbed wire. wire.

3:00 PM3:00 PM 15 year old Opal Musselman 15 year old Opal Musselman

had gone with her family to had gone with her family to visit their Uncle Jessie and visit their Uncle Jessie and now, as they headed home, now, as they headed home, their car was swallowed by their car was swallowed by the dark cloud. Unable to see, the dark cloud. Unable to see, her Uncle Basil hugged the her Uncle Basil hugged the right side of the road while the right side of the road while the others hung their heads out others hung their heads out the side windows in a the side windows in a desperate attempt to help desperate attempt to help guide him. The peppery dust guide him. The peppery dust burned Opal’s nose. For seven burned Opal’s nose. For seven miles they crept along, hoping miles they crept along, hoping they could somehow make it they could somehow make it home without crashing. They home without crashing. They did, but it took them 2 ½ did, but it took them 2 ½ hours.hours.

3:00 PM3:00 PM Home was the safest place to Home was the safest place to

be, but even that offered only be, but even that offered only limited sanctuary. The dust limited sanctuary. The dust was so thick that it filtered was so thick that it filtered into the house as if walls into the house as if walls were made of cheesecloth, were made of cheesecloth, not stone. The rags stuffed not stone. The rags stuffed under doors and windows under doors and windows could no longer hold it out. could no longer hold it out. Sand swirled into closets and Sand swirled into closets and cupboards, leaving its grimy cupboards, leaving its grimy fingerprints on dishes and fingerprints on dishes and clothes, sparing neither clothes, sparing neither porcelain bowls lovingly porcelain bowls lovingly passed through generations passed through generations nor Easter dresses purchased nor Easter dresses purchased yesterday.yesterday.

3:00 PM3:00 PM Art Leonard sat in the Art Leonard sat in the

middle of his family’s tire middle of his family’s tire store, listening to the store, listening to the thrashing winds and thrashing winds and gazing at the miniature gazing at the miniature dust storms billowing dust storms billowing about the room. Those about the room. Those daring to peek through the daring to peek through the open doors were stung by open doors were stung by sand on their faces and sand on their faces and bare legs. Many would bare legs. Many would later talk about how as later talk about how as they peered out the they peered out the windows, they say Kansas, windows, they say Kansas, Oklahoma, and a little bit Oklahoma, and a little bit of Texas roll by.of Texas roll by.

6:00 PM6:00 PM The winds subsided. The winds subsided.

Through a curtain of Through a curtain of dust hanging over the dust hanging over the landscape, a light landscape, a light orange glow could be orange glow could be seen on the horizon. seen on the horizon. With the howling With the howling replaced by a sudden replaced by a sudden stillness, family stillness, family members gazed into members gazed into each other’s grimy each other’s grimy faces, relieved that the faces, relieved that the world hadn’t ended world hadn’t ended after all.after all.