The DAPPLE project: Overview and wind tunnel experiments Alan Robins 1 , Paul Hayden 1 , Janet Barlow 2 , and the DAPPLE Consortium Home Office CBRN S&T Programme 2 University of Reading, UK 1 University of Surrey, UK
Dec 30, 2015
The DAPPLE project:
Overview and wind tunnel experimentsAlan Robins1, Paul Hayden1, Janet Barlow2,
and the DAPPLE Consortium
Home Office
CBRN S&T Programme
2University of Reading, UK
1University of Surrey, UK
Cities are collections of relatively short streets between intersections - the classical street canyon is a rarity.
Dispersion through an intersection
Scaperdas, A (2000), PhD thesis, Imperial College London
What is the impact of the street network on dispersion of and exposure to pollutants?
Dispersion of Air Pollutants and their Penetration into the Local Environment
Surrey - project leader, wind tunnel modelling
Bristol - tracer studies, analysis
Cambridge - tracer studies, modelling & applications
Imperial - field site management, exposure, modelling & applications
Leeds - traffic movement, emissions, pollution & wind field measurement
Reading - meteorology, wind field & modelling
Golder Associates (UK) Ltd. (from 2006) - field site management
Support and practical outputs
Additional support from GLA, APRIL, DEFRA, EA, DSTL (Porton Down), HSE, BRE, NRPB, NSCA, other UK CCs, Din Café & Restaurant.
In collaboration with TfL, Westminster CC, Camden CC, UK Met Office, HSL, NERI, other UK universities and projects
With approval from Met. Police, TfL, Westminster CC, HSE, UK Government
• Strategies to control personal exposure
• Guidance on the effectiveness of air quality management strategies; traffic queue and flow control
• Education and training material for local authorities and emergency responders
Chronology
2002 EPSRC-DAPPLE start
2003 Spring field work
2004 Spring and Autumn field work
2005 Analysis, workshops, dissemination
2006 EPSRC-DAPPLE endDAPPLE-HO start
2007 Spring/Summer field work
20082009
Winter/Spring 07/08 field workData release by Home Office end 2009
Arnold S et al. (2003) STOTEN
Wood C R et al., in press BAMS
Routes used in personal exposure
study
CO T15 Langan measures carbon monoxide every 10 seconds
TSI P-Trak measures ultra-fine particles every second
Casella Ultraflow Pump + Filter measures average PM2.5 concentration for the route
Personal Exposure
Voice and video
Kaur S et al. (2005, 2006) Atmospheric Environment
Field Instrumentation
• 7 to 11 sonic anemometers
• References on rooftops and at 190m on BT Tower
• Automatic Weather Stations, Doppler lidar and Met Office forecasts
• CO/NO2 Learian Street Boxes; Instrumented Vehicle; SCOOT (traffic data)
• 3 PFC tracer release kits, 18 tracer sampling units
• 5 - 25 people on-site (exposure measurement, tracer studies)
Wind tunnel flow visualisation
Wind tunnel research
mixed basic and detailed 1:200 scale
model
• EnFlo 20x3.5x1.5 m boundary layer wind tunnel
• U = 0 to 3.5 m s-1 ; inlet flow heating; surface heating and cooling
Large Eddy Simulation
Flow structure at an intersection
Smoke source in Gloucester Place, south of Marylebone Road; wind from the SW.
Carpentieri M et al., submitted Atmospheric Environment
Tracer release examples
Field tracer studies yield sets of examples drawn from ensembles in which the mean and standard deviation are of the same magnitude.
Receptor at plume centre
Receptor at plume edge
White - ensemble average (~ 100 realisations)
Red - single example
Simulation of 15 minute release at full
scale
Dispersion and intersections
The basic mean concentration decay function, CUH2/Q = 12 (R/H)-2
Summary
• DAPPLE project – extensive UK dispersion study in urban area
• Short range dispersion (0 – 1km)
• 51 full-scale tracer experiments; point and mobile source releases
• Detailed wind tunnel and full-scale flow measurements
• Intensive fixed and mobile pollution measurements
• Fully integrated traffic, pollution, flow and exposure measurements
For further information and data queries contact:
Project leader Alan Robins