The Crusades Coach Parrish OMS Chapter 14, Section 3.

The CrusadesThe Crusades

Coach ParrishCoach Parrish

OMSOMSChapter 14, Section 3Chapter 14, Section 3

The MessageThe Message

On November 18, 1095, a crowd On November 18, 1095, a crowd gathered to hear the message of Pope gathered to hear the message of Pope Urban II. He urged his people to Urban II. He urged his people to become soldiers for God.become soldiers for God.

““You common people who have been You common people who have been miserable sinners, become soldiers of miserable sinners, become soldiers of Christ! You nobles, do not fight with Christ! You nobles, do not fight with one another. Use your arms in a just one another. Use your arms in a just war! Labor for an everlasting reward.”war! Labor for an everlasting reward.”

The Message, cont.The Message, cont.

The crowd roared its approval. The crowd roared its approval. They shouted “God wills it!” Pope They shouted “God wills it!” Pope Urban II called for the people to Urban II called for the people to capture the capture the Holy LandHoly Land – region – region sacred to Christians because sacred to Christians because Jesus had lived and taught there.Jesus had lived and taught there.

Pope Urban II @ Pope Urban II @ ClermontClermont

Causes of the Causes of the CrusadesCrusades

Over the next 200 years, the Over the next 200 years, the Church launched eight military Church launched eight military expeditions called the Crusades, expeditions called the Crusades, to capture the Holy Land. to capture the Holy Land.

Pilgrims to the Holy Pilgrims to the Holy LandLand Since about 200 AD, European Since about 200 AD, European

Christians had been traveling to Christians had been traveling to JerusalemJerusalem – city in the Holy Land – city in the Holy Land sacred to Christians, Jews, and sacred to Christians, Jews, and Muslims.Muslims.

PilgrimsPilgrims – people who journey to a – people who journey to a sacred place.sacred place.

Rise of the TurksRise of the Turks

For centuries, Jerusalem had been For centuries, Jerusalem had been controlled by Arab Muslims who controlled by Arab Muslims who welcomed Christian pilgrims. In welcomed Christian pilgrims. In the 1000s, the Seljuk Turks took the 1000s, the Seljuk Turks took control of the Holy Land and began control of the Holy Land and began attacking Christians.attacking Christians.

They also attacked Constantinople, They also attacked Constantinople, capital of the Byzantines.capital of the Byzantines.

Why Go to War??Why Go to War??

The Pope wanted to return the Holy The Pope wanted to return the Holy Land to the Christians. He wanted Land to the Christians. He wanted pilgrims to be able to visit the Holy pilgrims to be able to visit the Holy Land without attack from the Turks.Land without attack from the Turks.

He also wanted war because it would He also wanted war because it would unite Europeans against the unite Europeans against the Muslims. The Crusades would also Muslims. The Crusades would also make him and the Church look make him and the Church look better.better.

A Series of CrusadesA Series of Crusades

The pope’s best chance for The pope’s best chance for capturing the Holy Land was with capturing the Holy Land was with the lords and knights. Before the lords and knights. Before these armies could assemble these armies could assemble however, a group of common however, a group of common people set out for Jerusalem.people set out for Jerusalem.

Peter the Hermit and Peter the Hermit and the People’s Crusadethe People’s Crusade In 1096, a group of common In 1096, a group of common

people led by Peter the Hermit people led by Peter the Hermit set out for battle. They settled in set out for battle. They settled in Constantinople and were advised Constantinople and were advised to wait for help. The people to wait for help. The people rebelled and attacked the Turks.rebelled and attacked the Turks.

They were defeated as only a They were defeated as only a small part of his army survived.small part of his army survived.

Peter the Hermit – Peter the Hermit – Leading the way to Leading the way to JerusalemJerusalem

The First CrusadeThe First Crusade

At last, the European armies sent by At last, the European armies sent by Pope Urban II reached Constantinople. Pope Urban II reached Constantinople. Joined by Peter’s army, the knights Joined by Peter’s army, the knights fought their way to Jerusalem.fought their way to Jerusalem.

They captured Jerusalem in 1099 killing They captured Jerusalem in 1099 killing 10,000 people in the process. After the 10,000 people in the process. After the battle, they set up four kingdoms. The battle, they set up four kingdoms. The kingdoms were attacked by the kingdoms were attacked by the Muslims, causing more crusades.Muslims, causing more crusades.

First Crusade PaintingFirst Crusade Painting

Later CrusadesLater Crusades

The Second Crusade had little success. The Second Crusade had little success. Then a strong Arab Muslim leader, Then a strong Arab Muslim leader, Saladin, rose to power. Saladin, rose to power.

By 1187, Saladin had retaken By 1187, Saladin had retaken Jerusalem. King Richard I of England Jerusalem. King Richard I of England tried to persuade Saladin to give back tried to persuade Saladin to give back Jerusalem. They worked out a deal Jerusalem. They worked out a deal where Christians were able to travel where Christians were able to travel there again safely.there again safely.

King Richard I - King Richard I - LionheartLionheart

Statue of Saladin – Statue of Saladin – Damascus (Place of Damascus (Place of Death)Death)

Results of the Results of the CrusadesCrusades The Crusades brought important The Crusades brought important

and lasting changes to Europe and lasting changes to Europe even though the Crusaders were even though the Crusaders were never able to regain all of the never able to regain all of the Holy Land.Holy Land.

Increased TradeIncreased Trade

The European ships that were used to The European ships that were used to carry the Crusaders brought back carry the Crusaders brought back important goods such as jewelry, important goods such as jewelry, glass, rugs, and spices. The glass, rugs, and spices. The increased trade helped the growth of increased trade helped the growth of towns.towns.

The Crusades also encouraged the The Crusades also encouraged the use of money. People that far from use of money. People that far from home needed money to buy supplies. home needed money to buy supplies.

New IdeasNew Ideas

Returning Crusaders also brought Returning Crusaders also brought new ideas and technology back to new ideas and technology back to Europe. The Crusaders helped Europe. The Crusaders helped increase European knowledge of increase European knowledge of medicine, mathematics, and medicine, mathematics, and technology.technology.

They also learned how to build They also learned how to build ships and make maps.ships and make maps.