The Crusades

By: Gordon Verdugo

The Crusades

The Crusader’s MotivationsWhat were the Crusader’s motivations?Motivations were to

restore the Holy City of Jerusalem to Christian control

Muslims were in control of Jerusalem at the time

Considered the Holy City because it is where Jesus was buried, many Christians went there on pilgrimages

Pope called for crusaders to take up holy journey

Crusaders went seeking virtue and holiness, a sacrifice to God

Some were seeking personal glory(was noble, honorable)

Some went because of peer or family pressure

Some were seeking gold and riches

Some wanted adventure

Some went to spill blood and be knights

The First CrusadeWhere was the first crusade? • It was in Jerusalem• Christians went to recover the Holy

Sepulcher• It was a tomb where Jesus was buried• Started in 1095 AD• Ended in 1099 AD• Peasants started another Crusade army• They had their first success in 1097• Nobles and Knights arrived late• Many peasants were killed or taken captive• A military pilgrimage

Muslims conquered town of EdessaNew Crusade called by Bernard of ClairvauxBernard was mad at the murder and violence toward

jewsFrench and German armies failed to win major battlesMain enemy of crusaders was Nor Ad-Din ZingyCrusaders allied with PortugueseRaymond Berenguer conquered Tortosa Germans and Danes attacked Wends This was also unsuccessfulAfonso the 1 of Portugal retook Lisbon from Muslims

The Second CrusadeWho called the Second Crusade ?

Sultan of Egypt took Jerusalem in 1187Thousands of people were sold into slaveryPope Gregory the VIII sent the Third CrusadeIt was led by Phillip of FranceRichard of EnglandFrederick the Holy Roman EmperorFrederick died in 1194This made French and England enevenRichard captured an islandThe Island Served as a crusade base

The Third CrusadeWho led the Third Crusade?

Many new weapons were created during this timeCrusaders learned of sieges when fighting the Sara

CensBallista- very big crossbowMan gonel- missiles launched from bucketTrebuchet- lever and sling, could throw 200 pound

rocks Siege tower- had 4 wheels, equal to wall height, used

for protectionVery expensive to make these weaponsWould bring carpenters and black smiths alongSoldiers had to help make weapons

Siege weapons of the CrusadesWhat weapons were used during Sieges

1235-1241 A.D. Began by Pope Gregory IX Wanted to stop Christian heresy in Latin Greece Wanted to defend now Christian city of Constantinople Knights were accompanied by 5-6 aides each Went to battle against Turks Turks are enemies of Christians Pope Urban promised glory and riches to knights Leader with the most motivation was count Raymond of

Toulouse Raymond called for the crusade himself

•Leaders of the Baron’s CrusadeWho was the leader of the Barons Crusade?

Miracle of the Holy LanceWhat was the miracle? Peter Bartholomew had a

dream that changed history He was a lowly soldier He dreamt that an apostle

told him that GOD was angry

GOD would forgive them though

He gave them a sign

That people would have the same dreams that Peter had

Raymond of Toulouse had Peter and some priests dig for the lance

They dug under an old church

There they found a rusty lance, it was the Holy Lance

It was surprising because it was already claimed that a holy lance had been found previously

FoodWhat did rich people mostly eat?There was a lack of

food during crusadesThey could grow their

own grain but not much else

Agriculture was badOne of the greatest

things they found was sugar

Balm was imported and used in church services

Balm is an herb

When muslims were attacked they destroyed agricultural infrastructure around city

This caused difficulty for crusaders because it was hard to find food

Europeans enjoyed many Muslim foods

End of the Crusades How did it end?Ended at the end of

the 13th CenturyIn 1244 A.D. the holy

city belongs to Muslims again

Have never let control of city go since then

Last Christian post was lost in 1291 A.D.

Knights still kept important islands like Cyprus and Rhodes

This kept Muslims from spreading to Mediterranean

Crusades were a huge failure

Wasted many lives and much money

Solved nothing in the end

The reason why they gave up after 200 years was because they lost faith and grew tired

Author unknown. “End of the Medieval Crusades”. Middle-ages.org.uk. http://www.middle-ages.org.uk/end-of-medieval-crusades.htm Date accessed 5/17/10 Date accessed5/17/10.

Author unknown. “Food in the Medieval Period”. Eating in Jerusalem of the Crusader Period. http://www.jeru.huji.ac.iwef41.htm Date accessed 5/17/2010.

Author unknown. “Fourth Crusade”. Wikimedia.org. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/crusades#fourth_crusade. Date accessed 5/11/10.

Author unknown. “Second Crusade”. Wikimedia.org. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/crusades#second_crusade_. Date accessed 5/10/10.

Author unknown. “Siege weapons of the Crusades”. Middle-ages.org.uk. www.middle-ages.org.uk/siege-weapons.htm Date accessed 5/10/10.

Author unknown. “Third Crusade”. Wikimedia.org. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/crusades#third_crusade. Date accessed 5/11/10.

Beil, Timothy. The Crusades. “The Crusader’s Motivations.” Lucent Books, San Diego.

Beil, Timothy. The Crusades. “The Leaders of the Baron’s Crusade.” Lucent Books, San Diego.

Beil, Timothy. The Crusades. “The Miracle of the Holy Lance.” Lucent Books, San Diego.

Jordan, William. The Middle Ages. “The First Crusade”. Scribner & Sons. New York.

Bibliography

Test Time

A ballista is a very big crossbow Bernard of Clairvaux was mad at treatment of

Norwegians The Holy Sepulchre was a holy sword The first Crusade was a military pilgrimage to

Jersalem The Crusades lasted for three hundred years Some knights went to seek glory Peter Bartholmew was a famous knight Turks were allies with Christians The Crusades came to an end at the end of the

13th century Agriculture was difficult for Crusaders

GORDON’S TEST true/false

TrueFalseFalseTrueFalseTrueTrueFalseTrueTrue

Answers