The Crisis Deepens CHAPTER 14 – SECTION 3. Birth of the Republican Party, 1854 ßNorthern Whigs. ßNorthern Democrats. ßFree-Soilers. ßKnow-Nothings. (Political.

The Crisis Deepens

CHAPTER 14 – SECTION 3

Birth of the Republican Party, 1854

Birth of the Republican Party, 1854

ß Northern Whigs.

ß Northern Democrats.

ß Free-Soilers.

ß Know-Nothings. (Political party from 1854-1856 who was against Germans and Irish Catholic immigrants who they felt were ruining America)

ß Other miscellaneous opponents of the Kansas-Nebraska Act.

ß All came together to form the NEW Republican Party in 1854

ß Republicans win 105 of 245 seats in House elections!

ß Northern Whigs.

ß Northern Democrats.

ß Free-Soilers.

ß Know-Nothings. (Political party from 1854-1856 who was against Germans and Irish Catholic immigrants who they felt were ruining America)

ß Other miscellaneous opponents of the Kansas-Nebraska Act.

ß All came together to form the NEW Republican Party in 1854

ß Republicans win 105 of 245 seats in House elections!

1856 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION1856 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION

√ James Buchanan John C. Frémont Millard Fillmore Democrat Republican Whig √ James Buchanan John C. Frémont Millard Fillmore Democrat Republican Whig

1856Election Results

Fremont makes a strong showing

in the North!

1856Election Results

Fremont makes a strong showing

in the North!

Dred Scott v. Sanford, 1857Dred Scott v. Sanford, 1857

DRED SCOTT• Dred Scott was a former slave owned by a U.S.

Army doctor that had moved from Illinois and Wisconsin to Missouri

• Scott sued for his freedom because Illinois and Wisconsin were free states

• Supreme Court Chief Justice Roger Tanney said Scott was not free for two reasons

• One he had no right to sue because he was black

• Two he was considered property!

• Tanney even went further to declare that Congress had no power to prohibit slavery and the Missouri Compromise was therefore unconstitutional

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taney_Arrest_Warrant#mediaviewer/File:Roger_B._Taney_-_Brady-Handy.jpg

REACTION• The South and all supporters of

slavery were dancing in the streets!

• Most Northerners and abolitionists were appalled!

• However, this decision lit the fire for many people who were undecided on the issue and gave rise to fuel the fire for the Lincoln-Douglas debates.

http://a4.files.biography.com/image/upload/c_fill,g_face,h_300,q_80,w_300/MTE5NTU2MzE2MjA1MzE5Njkx.jpg

http://ahistoryofhistory.weebly.com/uploads/1/4/1/9/14195332/544629092.jpg

The Lincoln-Douglas (Illinois Senate) Debates, 1858The Lincoln-Douglas (Illinois Senate) Debates, 1858

A House divided against itself, cannot stand.A House divided against itself, cannot stand.

o Lincoln opposed the Kansas-Nebraska Act that Douglas was responsible for

o “A house divided against itself cannot stand.”

o Lincoln did not want to ban slavery, just the spread of it.

Senator Stephen

Douglas the “Little Giant”

Senator Stephen

Douglas the “Little Giant”

Popular Sovereignty?

o Douglas was not for slavery, just popular sovereignty

o Made Lincoln out to be an abolitionist

o Was not for race equality, but so no reason why blacks should not have rights spelled out in D.O.I.

o Douglas wins in 1858

John Brown’s Raidon Harper’s Ferry, 1859

John Brown’s Raidon Harper’s Ferry, 1859

o After “Bleeding Kansas” John Brown goes east

o 1859 Brown and friends attack Harper’s Ferry and hope to create a slave uprising toward freedoms

o Brown was caught by Robert E. Lee and his troops

o Brown was hung, but became a hero of the North in the cause against slavery

o John Brown Song becomes a battle cry in 1861

• Sung to the same tune as “The Battle of the Hymn Republic”

The Coming of the Civil War

CHAPTER 14 – SECTION 4

Republican Party Platform in 1860Republican Party Platform in 1860

ß Non-extension of slavery [for the Free-Soilers].

ß Protective tariff [for the Industrialists].

ß No abridgment of rights for immigrants [a disappointment for the “Know-Nothings”].

ß Government aid to build a Pacific RR [for the Northwest].

ß Internal improvements [for the West] at federal expense.

ß Free homesteads for the public domain [for farmers].

ß Non-extension of slavery [for the Free-Soilers].

ß Protective tariff [for the Industrialists].

ß No abridgment of rights for immigrants [a disappointment for the “Know-Nothings”].

ß Government aid to build a Pacific RR [for the Northwest].

ß Internal improvements [for the West] at federal expense.

ß Free homesteads for the public domain [for farmers].

1860PRESIDENTIALELECTION

1860PRESIDENTIALELECTION

√ Abraham LincolnRepublican

√ Abraham LincolnRepublican

John BellConstitutional Union

John BellConstitutional Union

Stephen A. DouglasNorthern DemocratStephen A. DouglasNorthern Democrat

John C. BreckinridgeSouthern Democrat

John C. BreckinridgeSouthern Democrat

1860 Election: 3 “Outs” & 1 ”Run!”1860 Election: 3 “Outs” & 1 ”Run!”

1860 Election: A Nation Coming Apart?!1860 Election: A Nation Coming Apart?!

1860

Election

Results

1860

Election

Results

Secession!: South Carolina first on Dec. 20, 1860

Secession!: South Carolina first on Dec. 20, 1860

THE CONFEDERATE STATES OF AMERICA

• From December 1860 – March 1861 when Lincoln is finally able to take the oath of office seven states have left the Union and voted to form their own country

• Jefferson Davis named President of the Confederate States of America

• Not all southerners are for secession, but their voices are not as powerful

Photo from - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jefferson_Davis

LINCOLN’S FIRST INAUGURATION

• March 4, 1861 he tries to ensure the seceded states that he has no intentions of ending slavery

• Also states that they have no right to break free and that if war results that it is their choice not his.

• Lincoln’s speech not accepted by the South and they take over post offices, forts and other federal property

Photo from - http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/presidents/abrahamlincoln

PROBLEMS CONTINUE FOR MR. LINCOLN AT FORT SUMTER

• South tried to starve out soldiers in the fort and force them to surrender from late December 1860 to early April 1861

• Lincoln does not want to lose the fort or be known for starting a war

• Decides to send food, but no guns or troop support

• South throws first punch!

Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861

INSIDE FORT SUMTER

• Your book provides a view of this for us!