The Core Welfare Indicators Questionnaire: A CWIQ Option for Monitoring Poverty Reduction Strategies
Dec 24, 2015
The Core Welfare Indicators Questionnaire:
A CWIQ Option for Monitoring Poverty
Reduction Strategies
The Core Welfare Indicators Questionnaire:
A CWIQ Option for Monitoring Poverty
Reduction Strategies
Inputs
The Logframe defines M&E The Logframe defines M&E activities at four levelsactivities at four levels
Impact
Outcomes
Outputs
Impact on living standards
Who are the beneficiaries?(access, usage & satisfaction)
Goods & services generatedby the project/Program
Resources provided forProject/Program activities
It is used to monitor outcomes of development actions, (such as PRSPs) ….
It is used to monitor outcomes of development actions, (such as PRSPs) ….
…..through the use of leading indicators, such as access, use and satisfaction
…..through the use of leading indicators, such as access, use and satisfaction
The CWIQ is a household survey
The CWIQ is a household survey
Using CWIQ to monitor primary education in Ghana
Using CWIQ to monitor primary education in Ghana
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90100
National Rural Rural poor Urban Urban poor
Access to schools (within 30 minutes)Usage (enrollment rates)Quality of service (% satisfied)
Access to schools (within 30 minutes)Usage (enrollment rates)Quality of service (% satisfied)
WARNING! % satisfied
All households 40%Rural households 30%Poor rural households 18%
Using CWIQ to monitor primary education in Ghana
Using CWIQ to monitor primary education in Ghana
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
National Rural Rural poor Urban Urban poor
Poor teaching Overcrowding Poor facilities Lack of books
What are they complaining about?
Lack of booksa problem
everywhere
Poor facilities - seriousproblem in poor rural
communities
Benue total
Margin of error
(+/-%)All
RuralRural poor
All Urban
Urban poor
Worse now 27.6 5.5 30.6 23.4 14.6 23.8Better now 49.5 5.4 46.7 59.2 61.5 65.7
Household economic situation compared to one year ago
Sample CWIQ outputs - Nigeria
Sample CWIQ outputs - Nigeria
Overall more household feelthey are better off now,
especially among the poorNote margin of
error at 95% confidencelevel
Core Welfare Indicators by District
0
25
50
75
100Safe water source
Adult literacy
Net Primary Enrollment
Net Secondary Enrollment
Access to Health Services
Not Underweight
Kibaha Mtwara Total sample
Sample CWIQ outputs - Tanzania
Sample CWIQ outputs - Tanzania
Countries in which the CWIQ is planned or has
been implemented
Countries in which the CWIQ is planned or has
been implemented Kenya (pilot) Ghana Nigeria Tanzania Lesotho
Senegal Mali Rwanda CAR Guinea Bissau Mozambique
How does the CWIQ work?How does the CWIQ work?
Large sampleShort
questionnaireRigorous control of data quality
Quick data entry & validation
Simple reporting
Fixed core, flexible modules
An off-the-shelf survey package
1. Sampling issues1. Sampling issues
Large samples are encouragedA ‘core’ survey in a 5-10 year survey programAnnual sampling from Master Sample frames
builds up time seriesNot really intended for panel studies - but
these are not excludedSuitable for small area sampling
2. The questionnaire2. The questionnaire
4 pages / 9 sections 3 levels hierarchy (household,
household members, children)Service delivery indicators (access, use
and satisfaction) Indicators on welfare status (Assets,
housing, literacy, nutrition, employment)
2. The questionnaire (contd.)2. The questionnaire (contd.)
The CWIQ does not collect consumption or expenditure data
The issue of poverty predictors– Kenya experience– Ghana experience– Nigeria/Mozambique experience– Rwanda experience
3. Quality control3. Quality control Data quality is achieved through tight control:
– thorough training;
– close supervision in the field;
– rapid data loading with extensive computerised validation checks; and
– early feedback to interviewers in the case of problems.
Average number of interviews per enumerator/day - four
Mean interview duration - about 40 minutes (with anthropometry)
RequiresTELEform for image processing of the scanned forms, converting the marked areas into data values;
Objective is to start data processing as soon as possible after the start of fieldwork.
A questionnaire can be scanned and converted into the database format in about 2 minutes.
Three people in the data processing team can handle 300 questionnaires per day.
The package includes comprehensive documentation on all aspects of the data processing.
4. Data Processing - Stage 14. Data Processing - Stage 14. Data Processing - Stage 14. Data Processing - Stage 1
How character recognition is verified and corrected using TELEform4. Data Processing - Stage 14. Data Processing - Stage 14. Data Processing - Stage 14. Data Processing - Stage 1
Requires Microsoft Access to build data structures, validate, correct, summarise and tabulate the data;
Once scanned the data are transferred to MS-Access which has been configured to:– perform a number of validation checks to test logical
consistency of the data– provide a means of editing erroneous records– generate derived variables
4. Data Processing - Stage 24. Data Processing - Stage 2
5. Generating results
Pre-programmed standard report using Access and Excel
Data can be exported to standard statistical analysis packages
Data and metadata stored and disseminated on CD-ROM
Standardized indicators simplify cross-country comparisons
Summary information It is quick! It’s a packageHelps build institutional capacity:– to collect quality data– to speed up turnaround time– to generate annual series
TA is needed (2X6 weeks)Duration: 2-6 monthsCost per household (approximate):
– First year $54: (pilot survey on 1000 hh. costs $54,000)– Next year $33: (national survey on 10,000 hh. costs $330,000)
The CWIQ is just one of several tools needed for a poverty reduction
information system
The CWIQ is just one of several tools needed for a poverty reduction
information systemPoverty monitoring and moneymetric
analysis LSMS: Income and expenditure surveys
Poverty monitoring over time CWIQ; Admin. records; Prices collection
Poverty monitoring and poverty maps Censuses; small area surveys
Participative poverty monitoring (listening to the poor)