The Construction Specifications Institute Session 1 FUNDAMENTALS Project Delivery Education Program Construction Document Technology (CDT) Preparatory.

The Construction Specifications Institute

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Session 1

FUNDAMENTALS

Project Delivery

Education ProgramConstruction Document Technology (CDT)

Preparatory Course2011

1www.csinet.org

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© The Construction Specifications Institute 2011

The Construction Specifications Institute is a Registered Provider with The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems. Credit earned on completion of this program will be reported to CES Records for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for non-AIA members available on request.

This program is registered with the AIA/CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product. Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.

AIA

2


Learning Objectives• To understand the composition and responsibilities of four Project

Teams who come together as a single Team.

• To gain an insight into the definitions of the various stages of the life cycle of a facility, the activities and documents produced during each stage, and team member responsibilities.

• To introduce the basic relationship between drawings and specifications and to emphasize the importance of coordination.

• To introduce the basic structure of OmniClassTM, UniFormatTM, and MasterFormatTM and the primary ways in which they are utilized in construction documents.

• To understand the basic concepts of the environmental impact of buildings, sustainability, GreenFormatTM, and green building.

3


Session OutlineSTUDY GUIDE: Subject Matter Area No. 1 - FUNDAMENTALS

4

A. Job roles and responsibilities of the four Project Teams

B. Factors that contribute to an effective team

C.Stages of Facility Life Cycle with associated activities and documents

D.Project stages with associated activities and documents

E. OmniClassTM

F. UniFormatTM

G.MasterFormatTM

H.4 C’s of communication

I. Legal interpretations and/or conflicts of Contract Documents

J. GreenFormatTM

K. Sustainability/Green Building

The Construction Specifications Institute 5

FUNDAMENTALSSTUDY GUIDE AREA NO. 1


JOB ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE

FOUR PROJECT TEAMSSTUDY GUIDE: Submit Matter Area No. 1 - A.

6

Stakeholders and Participants• Design and construction merges

• Collective– Needs

– Ideas

– Talents

– Knowledge

– Services

• Widely diverse group– Individuals

– Organizations

• Specialized services

Project Delivery Practice Guide: 2.1 7

Stakeholders• Individuals or organizations

• Major Project involvement

• Interests positively or negatively impacted– Investment

– Operational

– Reputation


Participants• Individuals or organizations

• Minor Project involvement

• Interests not impacted


Project Team Composition• Owner Team

• Design Team

• Contractor Team

• Supplier Team

10Project Delivery Practice Guide: 2.1

Owner TeamResponsibilities

• Initiates Project

• Assumes risk

• Provides funding

• Controls, manages, approves

• Occupies facility


Owner TeamProject Types

Public• Funding from taxation

– Federal

– State

– County

– City

– Town

– Other Authorities

Project Delivery Practice Guide: 2.2.1 and 2.2.2 12

Private• Funding not from taxation

– Individuals

– Businesses

– Developers

Owner TeamAdvisors

• Financial institutions

• Attorneys

• Insurance companies

Project Delivery Practice Guide: 2.2.3 13

• Real estate agents

• Appraisers

• Marketing companies

Owner TeamOwner’s Consultants

• Surveyors

• Environmental engineers

• Geotechnical engineers

• Hazardous materials / abatement

• Traffic engineers

• Sustainability

• Wetland biologists

• Wildlife biologists


Owner TeamOthers

• Occupants– Facility manager

– Facility users

– Visitors

• Utility service providers

• Authorities Having Jurisdiction

Project Delivery Practice Guide: 2.2.5 through 2.2.7 15

Design TeamResponsibilities

• Transforming Owner’s vision and requirements into a design and construction documentation

• Includes multiple design disciplines

• Specialized design services and expertise


Design TeamArchitect

• Principal-in-Charge

• Project Manager

• Programmer

• Project Designer

• Interior Designer

• Project Captain

• Drafter

• Specifier

• Construction Administrator


Design TeamEngineers and Consultants

• Civil Engineer

• Structural Engineer

• Mechanical Engineer

• Electrical Engineer

• Plumbing Engineer

• Landscape Architect

• Fire Protection Engineer

• Exterior Enclosure Consultant

• Roofing and Waterproofing Consultant

• Cost Estimator

Project Delivery Practice Guide: 2.3.2 thru 2.3.11 18

Design TeamEngineers and Consultants

• Code Consultant

• Sustainability Consultant

• Commissioning Consultant

• Food Service Consultant

• Parking Consultant

• Acoustical Consultant

• Lighting Design Consultant

• Building Transportation Consultant

• Swimming Pool, Fountain, and Water Feature Consultant

• Building Maintenance Equipment Consultant

Project Delivery Practice Guide: 2.3.12 thru 2.3.21 19

Contractor TeamResponsibilities

• Transforms construction documentation into a finished facility– Cost estimating

– Time scheduling

– Contracting

– Procurement (Bidding, Negotiating, Purchasing)

– Management of construction


Contractor TeamRoles

• Contractor– Principal-in-Charge

– Project Manager

– Estimators

– Supervisors

– Accountants

– Layout Technician

– Safety Director

– Sustainability Consultant

• Subcontractor

Project Delivery Practice Guide: 2.4.1 and 2.4.2 21

Supplier TeamResponsibilities

• Furnishes materials and products necessary to construct Project– Manufacturer

– Distributor

– Supplier

– Fabricator


Supplier TeamForms of Representation

• Manufacturer’s employees– Sales

– Marketing

– Technical

• Independent sales representation


Supplier TeamAssets

• Dual nature of representation– Consultant

– Sales

• Valuable to Owner, Design, and Contractor Teams



FACTORS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO AN

EFFECTIVE TEAM STUDY GUIDE: Submit Matter Area No. 1 - B.

25

When is a Project Team Effective?• Participants and stakeholders work toward mutual goals

• Project delivered on time and in budget

• Satisfied Owner


Partnering and Collaboration• Partnering

– Concept of team building

– Helps ensure cooperative efforts

– Priorities and goals set

– Attempts to make participants and stakeholders into partners

• Collaboration – Individuals working as a team


Benefits of Working as a Team• Better communications and coordination

• Understand extent of contractual rights and responsibilities and effectively and ethically perform

• Work fairly, efficiently, and swiftly to solve problems through communications

• Increased productivity

• Reduced Project costs

• Earlier Project completion

• Improved Project Team morale

• Fewer claims and delays

28Project Delivery Practice Guide: 13.2.1.1

Obstacles to Working as a Team• Adversarial relationships and personalities

• Incomplete or inaccurate Contract Documents

• Unreasonable schedule requirements

• Inordinate number of changes

• Labor issues

• Delays in fabrication or delivery

• Poor communications

• Ineffective management


Integrated Project Delivery (IPD)Good Example of Effective Team

• Mutual respect

• Mutual benefit and reward

• Collaborative innovation and decision making

• Early involvement of key participants

• Early goal definition

• Intensified planning

• Open communications

• Appropriate technology

• Organization and leadership

30Project Delivery Practice Guide: AIA IPD Guide and 4.1.1

Questions?

31


STAGES OF FACILITY LIFE CYCLEWITH ASSOCIATED ACTIVITIES

AND DOCUMENTS STUDY GUIDE: Submit Matter Area No. 1 - C.

32

Facility Life Cycle

33Project Delivery Practice Guide: 3.4 and Figure 3.1

Facility Life CycleProject Conception

• Owner identifies need

• Completes planning activities to verify feasibility

• Secures financial resources

• Develops a facility program

• Identifies a site

34Project Delivery Practice Guide: 3.4.1

Facility Life CycleProject Delivery

• Owner determines method to be used

• Assembles a Project Team


Facility Life CycleDesign

• Project Team evaluates following to seek issues and form design solutions– Preliminary studies

– Collected data

– Program requirements

– Budget

– Schedule

• Project Team prepares and documents– Schematic design and preliminary project descriptions

– Design development and outline specifications


Facility Life CycleConstruction Documents

• A/E Team prepares graphic and written documents– Pricing

– Regulatory approvals

– Construction


Facility Life CycleProcurement (Bidding/Negotiating/Purchasing)• Project cost is determined

– Prior to

– In conjunction with

– Following construction document development

• Depends on Project Delivery Method selected


Facility Life CycleConstruction

• Project is constructed according to– Contract Documents

– Regulatory requirements


Facility Life CycleFacility Management

• Facility Manager manages and assumes control

• Facility placed in service

• Operations and maintenance procedures



PROJECT STAGES WITH ASSOCIATED ACTIVITIES

AND DOCUMENTS STUDY GUIDE: Submit Matter Area No. 1 - D.

41

Distinction between PROJECT and FACILITY

• Project– Process of planning, designing, documenting, procuring, contracting,

and constructing

– Goal of a Project is a facility

– Object of delivery process

– Delivery process itself

• Facility– Completed Project intended for a specific purpose and function


Quality of each Project is Unique• Quality is a balance between

– Extent (Scope)

– Cost (Budget)

– Time (Schedule)

43Project Delivery Practice Guide: 7.1.2.4 and Figure 7.1

Design Stage• All projects proceed through following phases of design

Design development

Schematic design Conceptual design

44Project Delivery Practice Guide: 3.4 and 8.8

Design StageDesign Variations

• Master planning– Design of multiple projects

– Integrated and complementary functions

– Same or contiguous site

• Prototype design– Single design developed

– Multiple projects

– Different sites

– Consistent identity and purpose


Design StageConceptual Design

• Not an official “phase”, but is common

• Concept – Representations of abstract object, creatively given – Shape

– Form

– Meaning

• Design – Journey of exploring and defining possibilities and constraints by using critical thinking skills


Design StageConceptual Design Documentation• Drawings of basic

information

• Physical or electronic massing models

• Narrative descriptions


Design StageSchematic Design

• Site plan and area relationships

• Spatial relationships and functional characteristics

• General size, shape, volume, massing of building elements

• Elevations and exterior finishes

• Basic information about structural and services


Design StageSchematic Design Documentation

• Sketches and drawings in more detail than conceptual documentation

• Physical or electronic models

• Preliminary project descriptions


Design StageDesign Development

• Size and character fixed

• Technical issues of constructability

• Integration of structural and services

• Definition of– Materials

– Surfaces

– Details


Design StageDesign Development Documentation

• More precise and specific drawings

• Physical or electronic models

• Outline specifications - UniformatTM


Construction Documents Stage• Depends on Project Delivery Method

• Defines following among parties– Rights

– Responsibilities

– Relationships

• Graphic and written technical information necessary for procurement and construction


Construction Documents StageStandardization

• MasterFormatTM

• SectionFormatTM

• PageFormatTM

• National CADD Standard

• Building Information Modeling

• Standard contracts and forms

by professional organizations


http://www.ejcdc.org/index.php



http://www.aia.org/index.htm

http://www.dbia.org/default.htm

Construction Documents StageDocumentation

• Drawings

• Specifications

• Procurement requirements

• Contracting requirements

54Project Delivery Practice Guide: 11.1.2 and Figure 11.1


OMNICLASSTM

STUDY GUIDE: Submit Matter Area No. 1 - E.

55

OmniClassTM

• Multi-table framework for – Organizing information

– Serving participants who work

– To sustain built environment

– Throughout Facility Life Cycle

• Derived from internationally accepted standards developed by International Organization for Standards (ISO)


OmniClassTM

Tables• 11 – Construction

Entities by Function

• 12 – Spaces by Function

• 13 – Construction Entities by Form

• 14 – Spaces by Form

• 21 – Elements

• 22 – Work Results


• 23 – Products

• 31 – Phases

• 32 – Services

• 33 – Disciplines

• 34 – Organizational Roles

• 41 – Information

• 42 – Materials

• 49 - Properties


UNIFORMATTM

STUDY GUIDE: Submit Matter Area No. 1 - F.

58

UniFormatTM

• Developed by CSI

• Uniform classification system for organizing preliminary construction information into a standard order or sequence on basis of systems and assemblies


UniFormatTM

Project Description Categories

60Project Delivery Practice Guide: 11.3.7.2 and Figure 11.12

UniFormatTM

Example of Levels1 A Substructure

2 A10 Foundations

3 A1010 Standard Foundations

4 A1010.10 Wall Foundations

5 A1010.10CF Continuous Foundations



MASTERFORMATTM

STUDY GUIDE: Submit Matter Area No. 1 - G.

62

MasterFormatTM


• Organization structural for the subject matter for construction of a project, and operation, and maintenance of a facility

• www.masterformat.com


MasterFormatTM

• Master list of numbers and titles

• Arranges related construction practices or work results

• Different types of construction addressed equally

• Promotes standardization

• Facilitates organization of information

• Improves construction communications


MasterFormatTM

• Divisions– 50 division format

– Not organized around traditional subcontracts or construction trades

– Follows logical groupings of work results

• Sections– 6 digit numbers (some 8)

– Section covers one portion of work results

– Different

– Consistent


MasterFormatTM

Divisions


Procurement and Contracting Requirements Group00 – Procurement and Contracting Requirements

Specifications Group

General Requirements Subgroup01 – General Requirements

Facility Construction Subgroup02 – Existing Conditions

03 – Concrete

04 – Masonry

05 – Metals

06 – Wood, Plastics, and Composites

07 – Thermal and Moisture Protection

08 – Openings

09 – Finishes

10 – Specialties

11 – Equipment

MasterFormatTM

Divisions


12 – Furnishings

13 – Special Construction

14 – Conveying Equipment

15 thru 19 – Reserved

Facility Services Subgroup20 – Reserved

21 – Fire Suppression

22 – Plumbing

23 – Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning

24 – Reserved

25 – Integrated Automation

26 – Electrical

27 – Communications

28 – Electronic Safety and Security

29 – Reserved

Site and Infrastructure Subgroup30 – Reserved

31 – Earthwork

32 – Exterior Improvements

33 – Utilities

34 – Transportation

35 – Waterway and Marine Construction

MasterFormatTM

Divisions


36 thru 39 – Reserved

Process Equipment Subgroup40 – Process Integration

41 – Material Processing and Handling Equipment

42 – Process Heating, Cooling, and Drying Equipment

43 – Process Gas and Liquid Handling, Purification and Storage Equipment

44 – Pollution and Waste Control Equipment

45 – Industry-Specific Manufacturing Equipment

46 – Water and Wastewater Equipment

47 – Reserved

48 – Electrical Power Generation

49 – Reserved

MasterFormatTM

Levels of Details1 – The 50 Divisions

2 – Broad Scope Sections – widest latitude of information

3 – Medium Scope Sections – more limited information

4 – Narrow Scope Sections – specific information

5 – Very Narrow Scope Sections – user defined


MasterFormatTM

Example of Levels1 – Division 04 - Masonry

2 – Section 04 20 00 – Unit Masonry (Broad Scope)

3 – Section 04 21 00 – Clay Unit Masonry (Medium Scope)

4 – Section 04 21 13 – Brick Masonry (Narrow Scope)

5 – Section 04 21 13.13 – Brick Veneer Masonry (Very Narrow Scope)


Questions?

71


FOUR C’s OF COMMUNICATION STUDY GUIDE: Submit Matter Area No. 1 - H.

72

Four C’s of Communication


• Proper grammar• Simple sentence

construction• Avoid ambiguity

Clear

• Eliminate unnecessary words, but not at expense of clarity, correctness, or completeness

Concise

Correct• Accurate and precise

information• Selected words to

convey exact meanings

Complete• Important information not

left out


LEGAL INTERPRETATIONAND/OR CONFLICTS OF

CONTRACT DOCUMENTS STUDY GUIDE: Submit Matter Area No. 1 - I.

74

Design Team Coordination• Effective coordination requires

– Good coordination

– Attention to detail

– Reviewing interface between design disciplines

– Sufficient number of decisions proportionate for stage of Work


Components of Successful Coordination• Organization

– Selecting team members

– Establishing management procedures

• Execution– Project design

– Production of construction documents


• Quality Assurance– Meetings

– Checklists

– Communications

– Checking and cross-checking construction documents

Components of Incomplete Coordination• Duplications

• Omissions

• Discrepancies

• Division 01 not coordinated

• Terminology differences


Critically Important Relationships• Representation of design concept shown on

construction documents among multiple design disciplines

• Architectural design with other design disciplines

• Drawings and specifications


Coordinating Drawings and Specifications• Drawings and specifications are complementary

• Coordination must occur at all levels of Project Team

• Drawings detail should be consistent with specification detail

• Clear, concise, correct, and complete are critically important


Characteristics of Drawings• Indicates generic and graphic representation of products

and Materials – Size

– Form

– Location

– Quantity

– Relationships

– Generic representations

80Project Delivery Practice Guide: 11.2.9 and 11.2.9.1

Characteristics of Specifications• Defines qualitative requirements for

– Product, materials, equipment

– Physical properties of products

– Performance requirements

– Standards of workmanship

• Describes administrative procedures



GREENFORMATTM

STUDY GUIDE: Submit Matter Area No. 1 - J.

82

GreenFormatTM


• Web based tool that allows manufacturers to accurately report product sustainability properties

• Provides designers, constructors, and building operators with basic information to help meet “green” requirements

• www.greenformat.com

83Project Delivery Practice Guide: www.greenformat.com

GreenFormatTM

Categories• Background information

• Product details

• Product lifecycle

• Additional information

• Authorization

84Project Delivery Practice Guide: www.greenformat.com


SUSTAINABILITY/GREEN BUILDING STUDY GUIDE: Submit Matter Area No. 1 - K.

85

Sustainability• Environmental

preservation has become an important issue– Public policy

– Private enterprise


Sustainability• EPA – Sustainable building involves– Developing healthier methods of construction,

operations, and demolition

– Using resources more efficiently

• ASTM E 2114 – Standard Terminology for Sustainability Relative to the Performance of Buildings defines green building as

– One that meets specified performance requirements

– While minimizing disturbance to and improving the functioning of local, regional, and global ecosystems

– During and after its construction and specified service life


http://www.epa.gov/

Sustainable Design• Emphasis on environmental

performance of a facility over its life cycle

• Fundamental approaches common to tools and assessments


– Site optimization

– Use of energy

– Water use

– Building materials and products

– Indoor environmental quality

– Optimizing operational and maintenance practices

Environmental Design Tools• Various tools available for use by product manufacturers,

Contractors, and A/E’s– NIST’s BEES – Building for Environmental and Economic Sustainability

– EPA’s Energy Star Program

– USGBC’s LEED Program


http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=home.index

Assessing Product Sustainability• Requires life cycle assessment by a qualified agency

• NIST’s BEES (Building for Environmental and Economic Sustainability) Model is one method– Global warming potential

– Acidification

– Nitrification potential

– Natural resource depletion

– Solid waste produced

– Indoor air quality

• Another is ASTM E 2129 – Standard Practice for Data Collection for Sustainable Assessments of Building Products



Assessing Facility Sustainability• Methods of assessing environmental performance

– USGBC’s LEED Green Building Rating System

– Advanced Buildings

– Green Guidelines for Healthcare Construction

– Green Globes

– Greenguard Environmental Institute

– Stars


http://www.greenguard.org/en/index.aspx


http://www.advancedbuildings.net/

https://stars.aashe.org/

Product Evaluation• Sustainability attributes is one of many categories for

evaluation of products


– Waste minimization

– Promotes good indoor air quality

– Absence of unhealthful chemicals, toxic substances, or volatile organic compounds

– Biodegradable or bio-based composition

– Conservation of resources

– Responsible wood supplies

– Low embodied energy

– Recyclability, material reuse, or salvaged

– Natural or renewable resources

– Locally or regionally produced

– Energy efficiency

– Low environmental impact

– Durability

– Recycled content



Review OutlineSTUDY GUIDE: Subject Matter Area No. 1 - FUNDAMENTALS

93

A. Job roles and responsibilities of the four Project Teams

B. Factors that contribute to an effective team

C.Stages of Facility Life Cycle with associated activities and documents

D.Project stages with associated activities and documents

E. OmniClassTM

F. UniFormatTM

G.MasterFormatTM

H.4 C’s of communication

I. Legal interpretations and/or conflicts of Contract Documents

J. GreenFormatTM

K. Sustainability/Green Building

Questions?

94

The Construction Specifications Institute Session 1 FUNDAMENTALS Project Delivery Education Program Construction Document Technology (CDT) Preparatory.

Documents

construction documents

material of construction

project stages

project teamsstudy guide

fundamentalsstudy guide

project teams b

associated activities

team member responsibilities