The Conservative Order & the Challenges of Reform (Ch 21)
Describe the relationship of nationalism to Liberalism?
Nationalist wished their own particular ethnic group to dominate.
Liberals wanted written constitutions , freedoms of expression & law
SameEconomic freedomMore of a representative government
What were the main pillars of 19th century conservatism?
Legitimate monarchies
Landed aristocracies
Established Church
What group regarded themselves as entrusted with the educational task of supporting the social & political status
quo?
Church leaders (ecclesiastical leaders)
Why did they fear & hate the Enlightenment?
Rational concepts & reformist writings undermined revealed religion
Who was Metternich?• Chief Minister of Austria • Hated French Rev. ideals• Directed C/V toward restoring Old
Regimes• Austrian desires
– Security through balance of power– Stop expansion of French, Prussians
and Russians– Stop liberalism & nationalism– Swap Austrian Netherlands for northern
Italy
Why did he oppose recognizing political rights of various national
groups in the Austrian Empire?
Any recognition of political rights & aspirations of the various national groups would mean the probable dissolution of the Empire
Why did the reform movement in Prussia fail?
After War of Liberation (as German called the Napoleonic Wars) William III reneged on having a constitutional government
Describe the Burschenschaften?
Student associations at Universities (they liked the concept of a united German State) some were anti-Semitic
Why was there political unrest in Brittan under Lord Liverpool’s
ministry?
Because the government protected the interest of the landed & other wealthy classes. Corn laws=high price for domestically produced grain through import duties on foreign grain.
Outlawed worker unions and organizations
the Carlsbad Decrees
• Government state officials reviewed lectures of professors at Universities
• Outlawed student groups
Describe what happened in the Peterloo Massacre?
August of 1819- Organized meeting was held to demand reform in Manchester. Royal troops put down protest. (11 people killed)
What were the Six Acts?
1. Forbade large unauthorized public meetings2. Raised fines for seditious libel3. Speeded up the trials of political agitators4. Increased newspaper taxes5. Prohibited the training of armed groups6. Allowed local officials to search homes in certain disturbed
counties