The Conditional Sentence

The Conditional The Conditional SentenceSentence

Georgia Center for LanguageGeorgia Center for Language

The Conditional SentenceThe Conditional Sentence

► IF a condition exists, THEN a result IF a condition exists, THEN a result can be expected.can be expected.

Components of the Conditional Components of the Conditional SentenceSentence

►Conditional clauseConditional clause The “IF” clauseThe “IF” clause

►If I were you…If I were you…►If you had money…If you had money…►If she were in charge…If she were in charge…

►Result clauseResult clause The “THEN” clauseThe “THEN” clause

►……(then) I would stay awake.(then) I would stay awake.►……(then) you would buy dinner.(then) you would buy dinner.►……(then) she would set things right.(then) she would set things right.


►Give them my regards if you meet Give them my regards if you meet them.them.

► If you meet them, give them my If you meet them, give them my regards.regards.


..اذا قابلتهم فسل2م لي عليهماذا قابلتهم فسل2م لي عليهم►

..سل2م لي عليهم اذا قابلتهمسل2م لي عليهم اذا قابلتهم►

Types of Conditional Types of Conditional SentencesSentences

►The Real ConditionalThe Real Conditional The conditional clause is true or possibleThe conditional clause is true or possible

►If you meet them…If you meet them…►If you arrive late…If you arrive late…

►The Unreal ConditionalThe Unreal Conditional The conditional clause is not true or The conditional clause is not true or

impossibleimpossible►If I were you…If I were you…►If things were different…If things were different…

Conditional ParticlesConditional Particles

إذاإذا► Real conditionsReal conditions Most commonly usedMost commonly used

► AإْنAإْن Real conditionsReal conditions Least commonly usedLeast commonly used

► AلْوAلْو Unreal conditionsUnreal conditions

Tense and the Conditional Tense and the Conditional SentenceSentence

►Real Conditional SentenceReal Conditional Sentence Conditional ClauseConditional Clause

►Arabic is in the perfect tenseArabic is in the perfect tense►Most often translated in the imperfect tense*Most often translated in the imperfect tense*

Result ClauseResult Clause►Arabic may be perfect, imperfect, or Arabic may be perfect, imperfect, or

imperativeimperative►Most often translated in the imperfect or Most often translated in the imperfect or

imperative*imperative*


► Real Conditional SentencesReal Conditional Sentences

ذهبَتJ الى هذا المطعم اكلَتJ طعاما عربيا ذهبَتJ الى هذا المطعم اكلَتJ طعاما عربيا إذاإذا..ممتازاممتازا

If you go to this restaurant, you will eat excellent Arabic food.If you go to this restaurant, you will eat excellent Arabic food.

ذهبَتJ الى هذا المطعم تأكُلT طعاما عربيا ذهبَتJ الى هذا المطعم تأكُلT طعاما عربيا إذاإذا..ممتازاممتازا


ذهبَتJ الى هذا المطعم فسْوف تأكُلT طعاما ذهبَتJ الى هذا المطعم فسْوف تأكُلT طعاما إذاإذا..عربيا ممتازاعربيا ممتازا



► Real Conditional SentencesReal Conditional Sentences

TُلA طعاما عربيا ممتازاإذاإذا TُلA طعاما عربيا ممتازا ذهبَتJ الى هذا المطعم فJُك .. ذهبَتJ الى هذا المطعم فJُكIf you go to this restaurant, eat excellent Arabic food.If you go to this restaurant, eat excellent Arabic food.

كاْن قد ذهبَتJ الى هذا المطعم فقد أكلَتJ طعاما كاْن قد ذهبَتJ الى هذا المطعم فقد أكلَتJ طعاما إذاإذا..عربيا ممتازاعربيا ممتازا

If you went to this restaurant, then you ate excellent Arabic food.*If you went to this restaurant, then you ate excellent Arabic food.*

*This construct is known as the pluperfect (the perfect past)*This construct is known as the pluperfect (the perfect past)

present present present present JُلJعJفJُلJعJف JُلJعJفJُلJعJإذاإذا ف

presentpresent present present TُلJعAْفJ JْفAعJُلTَي إذاإذا فJعJُلJفJعJُلJ َي

presentpresent pastpast قد قد َيُكْوْن َيُكْوْنJُلJعJفJُلJعJف

JُلJعJفJُلJعJإذاإذا ف

pastpast pastpast قد قد َيُكْوْن َيُكْوْنJُلJعJفJُلJعJف

قد قد كاْن كاْن JُلJعJفJُلJعJف

إذاإذا

presentpresent futurefuture فسْوف فسْوف َيْفعُلَيْفعُل

JُلJعJفJُلJعJإذاإذا ف

presentpresent futurefuture فسيْفعُلفسيْفعُل JُلJعJفJُلJعJإذاإذا ف

presentpresent imperatiimperativeve AعُلAفافAعُلAفاف JُلJعJفJُلJعJإذاإذا ف


►Unreal Conditional SentenceUnreal Conditional Sentence Conditional ClauseConditional Clause

►Arabic is most often in the perfect tenseArabic is most often in the perfect tense►Most often understood in the perfectMost often understood in the perfect

Result ClauseResult Clause►Arabic is most often in the perfect tenseArabic is most often in the perfect tense►May be understood in the perfect or May be understood in the perfect or

imperfectimperfect►Typically preceded by Typically preceded by JَلJَل oror ماJ Jمال ل


►The Unreal Conditional SentenceThe Unreal Conditional Sentence

المْوضْوع Jلْفهمَت الُكتاب هذا Jقرأَت المْوضْوع لْو Jلْفهمَت الُكتاب هذا Jقرأَت ..لْوIf you had read this book, you would have understood the If you had read this book, you would have understood the

matter.matter.

TُهT TُهTلْو أعطيتني هذا الُكتاب لقرأت ..لْو أعطيتني هذا الُكتاب لقرأت

If you had given me this book, I would have read it.If you had given me this book, I would have read it.

Negating the Conditional Negating the Conditional SentenceSentence

►Negating Real Conditional SentencesNegating Real Conditional Sentences Conditional ClauseConditional Clause

►Negate by using Negate by using لملم + jussive+ jussive Result ClauseResult Clause

►Negate using Negate using , , ليس, لن ال , لم , ليس, لن ال لم

لم تذهْبA الى هذا المطعم فلن تأكُلJ لم تذهْبA الى هذا المطعم فلن تأكُلJ إذاإذا..طعاما عربيا ممتازاطعاما عربيا ممتازا

If you don’t go to this restaurant you will not eat excellent Arabic If you don’t go to this restaurant you will not eat excellent Arabic food.food.

Negating the Conditional Negating the Conditional SentenceSentence

► Negating Unreal Conditional SentencesNegating Unreal Conditional Sentences Conditional ClauseConditional Clause

►Negate by using Negate by using لملم + jussive+ jussive Result ClauseResult Clause

►Negate by using Negate by using JَلJماما + + َل + perfect+ perfect

Jما فهمَتJ المْوضْوع A هذا الُكتاب ل Jما فهمَتJ المْوضْوعلْو لم تقرأ A هذا الُكتاب ل ..لْو لم تقرأ

If you had not read this book you would not have understood If you had not read this book you would not have understood the subject.the subject.

The Particle The Particle فف

► Introduces result clauses preceding Introduces result clauses preceding ,لن, لن ,) ( , , mإْن س سْوف قد ليس (, لم ( , , mإْن س سْوف قد ليس لم

لم تذهْبA الى هذا المطعم فلن تأكُلJ طعاما لم تذهْبA الى هذا المطعم فلن تأكُلJ طعاما إذاإذا..عربيا ممتازاعربيا ممتازا

كاْن قد ذهبَتJ الى هذا المطعم فقد أكلَتJ طعاما كاْن قد ذهبَتJ الى هذا المطعم فقد أكلَتJ طعاما إذاإذا..عربيا ممتازاعربيا ممتازا

MoodMood

► It is important to bear in mind that many of the It is important to bear in mind that many of the particles used in conditional sentences change the particles used in conditional sentences change the mood of the verb in the sentence.mood of the verb in the sentence.

► Just as case changes the voweling for nouns, mood Just as case changes the voweling for nouns, mood changes the voweling for verbs.changes the voweling for verbs.

► Arabic has three moods: indicative, subjunctive and Arabic has three moods: indicative, subjunctive and jussive. Indicative is the default mood.jussive. Indicative is the default mood.

► A verb will be in the subjunctive if it is preceded by A verb will be in the subjunctive if it is preceded by the following particles: the following particles: َلَل , ,AكيAال, , حتىحتى, , كيA Aالكي , , إْنAإْنA, , لنAلنA, , ألْنAألْنA, , أْنAأْنA, , كي

عسىعسى, , لئال2لئال2, , أال2أال2► A verb will be in the jussive when it is preceded by A verb will be in the jussive when it is preceded by

.or it is in the imperative.or it is in the imperative لملم

Conditional SentencesConditional Sentences

►Translate the following into EnglishTranslate the following into English

إذا اقمَتJ في الشرق االوسط فهمَت اهمية إذا اقمَتJ في الشرق االوسط فهمَت اهمية ..اللغة العربيةاللغة العربية

If you live in the M.E. you understand the importance of the If you live in the M.E. you understand the importance of the Arabic language.Arabic language.

..إذا ذهبَتT الى بيتهم فسأكُلT معهمإذا ذهبَتT الى بيتهم فسأكُلT معهم

If I go to their house I will eat with them.If I go to their house I will eat with them.



..إْن درسَتJ الُكتاب فستنجح في االمتحاْنإْن درسَتJ الُكتاب فستنجح في االمتحاْن

If you study the book you will pass the exam.If you study the book you will pass the exam.

..لْو درسَتJ الُكتاب لنجحَتJ في االمتحاْنلْو درسَتJ الُكتاب لنجحَتJ في االمتحاْن

If you had studied the book you would have passed the exam.If you had studied the book you would have passed the exam.



..إذا كاْن قد زار احمد مصر فقد زار االهرامإذا كاْن قد زار احمد مصر فقد زار االهرام

If Ahmed visited Egypt, he visited the pyramids.If Ahmed visited Egypt, he visited the pyramids.

JُهT من JُهT من إْنA تعرفA المْوضْوع فإنَكJ قد درست إْنA تعرفA المْوضْوع فإنَكJ قد درست..قبُلقبُل

If you know the subject, then you studied it before.If you know the subject, then you studied it before.


►Negate the following and translate into Negate the following and translate into EnglishEnglish

..إذا اقمَتJ في الشرق االوسط فهمَت اهمية اللغة العربيةإذا اقمَتJ في الشرق االوسط فهمَت اهمية اللغة العربية

JقTمA في الشرق االوسط فال تْفهم اهمية اللغة JقTمA في الشرق االوسط فال تْفهم اهمية اللغة إذا لم ت إذا لم ت..العربيةالعربية

If you do not live in the M.E. you do not understand the importance of If you do not live in the M.E. you do not understand the importance of the Arabic language.the Arabic language.


►Negate the following and translate Negate the following and translate into Englishinto English

..إذا ذهبَتT الى بيتهم فسأكُلT معهمإذا ذهبَتT الى بيتهم فسأكُلT معهم

..إذا لم أذهْبA الى بيتهم فلن أكُلJ معهمإذا لم أذهْبA الى بيتهم فلن أكُلJ معهم

If I do not go to their house I will not eat with them.If I do not go to their house I will not eat with them.



..إْن درسَتJ الُكتاب فستنجح في االمتحاْنإْن درسَتJ الُكتاب فستنجح في االمتحاْن

إْن لم تدرسA الُكتاب فلن تنجحJ في إْن لم تدرسA الُكتاب فلن تنجحJ في ..االمتحاْناالمتحاْن

If you don’t study the book you won’t pass the exam.If you don’t study the book you won’t pass the exam.



..لْو درسَتJ الُكتاب لنجحَتJ في االمتحاْنلْو درسَتJ الُكتاب لنجحَتJ في االمتحاْن

..لْو لم تدرسA الُكتاب لما نجحَتJ في االمتحاْنلْو لم تدرسA الُكتاب لما نجحَتJ في االمتحاْن

If you had not studied the book you would not have passed the If you had not studied the book you would not have passed the test.test.



..إذا كاْن قد زار احمد مصر فقد زار االهرامإذا كاْن قد زار احمد مصر فقد زار االهرام

..إذا كاْن لم َيزرA احمد مصر فلم َيزرA االهرامإذا كاْن لم َيزرA احمد مصر فلم َيزرA االهرام

If Ahmed did not visit Egypt, he did not visit the pyramids.If Ahmed did not visit Egypt, he did not visit the pyramids.



JُهT من قبُل JُهT من قبُلإْنA تعرفA المْوضْوع فإنَكJ قد درست ..إْنA تعرفA المْوضْوع فإنَكJ قد درست

إْنA لم تعرفA المْوضْوع فإنَكJ لم تدرسُه من إْنA لم تعرفA المْوضْوع فإنَكJ لم تدرسُه من ..قبُلقبُل

If you do not know the subject you didn’t study it before.If you do not know the subject you didn’t study it before.

SourcesSources

►All the Arabic You Never Learned the All the Arabic You Never Learned the First Time AroundFirst Time Around by Jim Price by Jim Price

►A Student Grammar of Modern A Student Grammar of Modern Standard ArabicStandard Arabic by Eckehard Schulz by Eckehard Schulz

The Conditional Sentence

Documents