The Concept of Development Geographic Space and Development.

The Concept of DevelopmentThe Concept of Development

Geographic Space and Geographic Space and DevelopmentDevelopment

Space As A FrameworkSpace As A Framework

Geographic Space provides Geographic Space provides framework for field of human action: framework for field of human action: distance and place distinction matterdistance and place distinction matter

Location is critical- location of objects Location is critical- location of objects and perception of objects and their and perception of objects and their location influence behaviorlocation influence behavior

Spatial Structure- ordered relations Spatial Structure- ordered relations between individual spatial forms and between individual spatial forms and the whole of which they are a partthe whole of which they are a part

Puerto Rico Administrative RegionsPuerto Rico Administrative RegionsSystem of Regions with Regional and System of Regions with Regional and

National CapitalNational CapitalElements: Farms, Villages, Cities , NetworksElements: Farms, Villages, Cities , Networks

Spatial Organization ElementsSpatial Organization Elements

If we use the idea of change and transformation If we use the idea of change and transformation of spatial structures- what is involved?of spatial structures- what is involved?

1. 1. Spatial Competition-Spatial Competition- competing land uses in competing land uses in an evolving urban area or two transport networks an evolving urban area or two transport networks competing for trafficcompeting for traffic

2. 2. Spatial Integration-Spatial Integration- coordination of spatial coordination of spatial activities to achieve harmony –networksactivities to achieve harmony –networks

3. 3. Spatial Diffusion-Spatial Diffusion- how something spreads how something spreads over geographic space; vital mechanism to keep over geographic space; vital mechanism to keep momentum of development alivemomentum of development alive

a. involves innovations- acceptance of new goods a. involves innovations- acceptance of new goods and services by consumers and entrepreneursand services by consumers and entrepreneurs

Spatial Competition: The Silk Road and the Arab Sea Spatial Competition: The Silk Road and the Arab Sea RoutesRoutes

Guangzhou

Xi’an

Lanzhou

Dunhuang

Turpan

Hotan

KashgarSamarkand

Merv Bactra

Bukhara

ReyHamadan

Baghdad

Berenike

Alexandria

Tyre

Antioch

ConstantinopleAthens

Rome

Muza

Aden

Kané

Muscat

Sur

Mogadishu

Mombasa

Barbaricon

Barygaza

Muziris

Calcutta

CHINA

INDIA

PERSIA

ARABIA

EUROPE

EGYPT

JAVA

Indian Ocean

Arabian Sea

Sout

h C

hina

Sea

Mediterranean Ocean

Black Sea

Caspian Sea

Gobi Desert

Taklimakan Desert

Atlantic O

cean

Pac

ific

Oce

anRed Sea

SOMALIA

500 Miles

Malacca

Bay of Bengal

Spatial Integration: Roman Road Network, Spatial Integration: Roman Road Network, 200 AD200 AD

500 km

AtlanticOcean

Red Sea

Black SeaAdriatic Sea

Mediterranean Ocean

Model of Typical Spatial DevelopmentModel of Typical Spatial Development

S I- simple portsS I- simple ports S II- transport S II- transport

penetrationpenetration S III- growth of S III- growth of

interior cities interior cities

S IV- merge of S IV- merge of towns and high towns and high order transportorder transport

A B C

D E F

Ideal Typical Sequence of Network Ideal Typical Sequence of Network DevelopmentDevelopment

Impacts of Integration Processes on Impacts of Integration Processes on Networks and FlowsNetworks and Flows

Net

wor

kFl

ows

Before Integration After Integration

International border

Self Reliance

Regional TradeTrade andTransport

Gateway

Trade andTransport

Region A Region B

InternationalTrade

Product A

Product B

Product C

Product D

Product E

Economic Production and Economic Production and SpecializationSpecialization

Development As Spatial Development As Spatial ReorganizationReorganization

Need new set of Need new set of spatialspatial actions to actions to achieve achieve spatialspatial goals goals

May involve new system of resource May involve new system of resource allocation which implies some allocation which implies some efficiencyefficiency

Certain spatial arrangements may be Certain spatial arrangements may be expected to create a better means to expected to create a better means to achieve national, regional and local achieve national, regional and local goalsgoals

Growth Poles Theory:Growth Poles Theory:Deliberate UrbanizationDeliberate Urbanization

Growth Pole

Key IndustryLinked Industry

Secondary Growth Pole

Secondary IndustryLinked Industry

Transport Corridors and the Transport Corridors and the Regional Spatial StructureRegional Spatial Structure

Specialization andinterdependency

Articulation Point

Distribution

OrderHigh LowHigh Low

A B C

Growth Pole: Ciudad de GuayanaGrowth Pole: Ciudad de Guayana Why develop city here?Why develop city here? Pulls population into less Pulls population into less

developed areadeveloped area Access to resources (iron Access to resources (iron

ore, oil)ore, oil) Transport- river provides Transport- river provides

access for outlet to access for outlet to Caribbean and beyondCaribbean and beyond

Orinoco’s hydro-Orinoco’s hydro-electricity potential electricity potential powering industry is powering industry is criticalcritical

Special Political Zones: Federal Territory of Special Political Zones: Federal Territory of BrasiliaBrasilia

Brazil – 180 mil but Brazil – 180 mil but coastal concentrations coastal concentrations dominatedominate

Disperse population by Disperse population by creating inland capital creating inland capital territoryterritory

Political functions in Political functions in separate area- others?separate area- others?

Create other services, Create other services, create employment create employment and residential and residential compoundscompounds

Super Multi-Media Corridor:Super Multi-Media Corridor:Kuala Lumpur-Klang CorridorKuala Lumpur-Klang Corridor

Malaysia’s future Malaysia’s future development- draw development- draw foreign direct foreign direct investmentinvestment

Provide sites for high Provide sites for high tech businesses in tech businesses in Shah Alam EstateShah Alam Estate

Broad band access with Broad band access with virtual universityvirtual university

Access to KL Intl AirportAccess to KL Intl Airport Create employment Create employment

and residential estatesand residential estates Manufacture electronic Manufacture electronic

goods for exportgoods for export