- , J dGongs gTer Dorje Wanl;;chuk Kh;;rto ( The Complt:le Tibetan Verb Forms) Th . .... um1:
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- ,J
dGongs gTer
Dorje Wanl;;chuk Kh;;rto
( The Complt:le Tibetan Verb Forms)
Th ..... um1:
Published by C. T. KHRTO
Tbis book is useful for alJ those people b dTb W 0 stu Y
1 ctan Language and Literature and also
for the writers in the Language
Printed by ;
LAKSHMI PRINTING WORKS
Lal Kuao, Delhi-llOOQ6.
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15INTRODUCTION TO TIBETAN VERB FOEMS
All the verbs have tenses and transitive
.verbs have the system of Dhag ( ~\, ) and Zhan
('~~) in addition to the normal tenses o
Generally there are two kinds of verbs in
Tibetan language, transitive and intransitive.
A transitive verb has a direct object. A~
intransitive verb cannot have a direct object,
ego to sendis a transitive verb. It has a directobject, ego to send a letter; the letter is the
direct object. To go is an intransitive verb.
There is no direct object. Some may say that
in "I go myself". Myself is the direct object.But a direct object should be separate from
the agent. ro go to the market. In this example
the market is the object. But it is not a direct
object. It is an indirect object because it has
a preposit~on between the verb and the object.
Therefore, it will be decided by a direct object
whether a' verb is transitive o"r intransitive •.~ If a verb has a direct object, it is a transitive
verb. If a verb cannot have a direct object it
is an 1n~ransitlve verb.
iiIi,;I,II-
I~
l7
He/She preached.. ~~~-rcut the thread. ~\~..cut or broken. These aretense.
(b) ·~·~,r~cr:l\~~·~\J:~'~~\~He/She preaches.~~.~k;,qt¥..~\ ~~'(.l.,~\~O\t!l,~,\~/Sheis preaching. t'\'r,,\t,'\~:'::~'1!\,'':/l'''t\~'\'\\ .He!.She cuts the thread·~\~4~"Z~~·~~ ~\~~{;~;~:a:!\..\.~ He/She is cutting, the thread.~,\~:-(.l..t,'\~~~, 'l'\""'<-!.<%~~"'~.tn Thethread is being cut or broken. These are theexamples of present tense.N.B. ~,\~"l\{;,\l\I\'\He/She is cutting the thread.This'example indicates only the present tenseof a transitive ve~D, which is not ,included inDhag. Because the helping verb Zhin (bZhin)indicatesa present tense.
(a.)
G~,\'~~\ The thread wasthe examples of past
The Tensesare past tense (~~~~), presentand future tense (or<tl;,.~·z..t· ).tenses covers all the verbs, ~
and intransi -ti ve. The e~:amples us
The tensestense (~,,¥'''1' )The system oftrasitivefollow:-'-
Zhan indicates the direct object of atransitive verb and the future tense of atransitive verb, ego 4~\~ .If\'O\~~.~.z::t\ theobject to be cut and ~~~.li~~1 ~-o\~ He /She will cut. This is an example of the future ~tense of a transitive verb. which inclules in \Zhan.
l
Dhag (bDhag) ~'\,r and Zhclll (gZhCin) ~~~\
Dhag indicates the agent of' a transi tiveverb or the present tense of a tranntive verb'- -..-- 'ego ~-o\~'~' the cutter and ~\~, thecutting instrument or the method of cutting.The first is called the main agent and the~econd is ~alled the secondary agent or ordinary~gent. ~'O~~~.~\, ~~\~ He/She cuts. ThisJ.s an example of the present tense of a trcmsiti veverb. which includes in Dhag.
iII
i! 1
~ < - t-o, r; r 1 ~ (
t • ': ! ~ : c ( [~ l ~ L ~ L,
18The thread will be cut or broken. These are
19
f t ure tense.indicates a uGyur clear].y
,II
III.I,.:
"Ba i.ndicates the
'Ba-The masculine ~refix ~
to the cause 0 per use of aver- t Therefore, the pro t tense tobe sen • be i.n presenshould alwaySwith Gyu f an action.indicate the cause 0
ml Gyu (rGYU)The Use Of ~
of an action andt the caUseGYU indica. es nt tense of a.ith the 'Preseit should be used W BUl-gyu (hBUl-rGYU), theverb, eg.. ~~~.r© the cause of the action of
us e of offering or gyu (g'rong-gyu),ca --- in' Tong-offering. ~lj~~ the cause of the actionthe cause of sendlng or b is used in futuret . f aver .of sending. Bu 1 t .11 change its mean1ng, . then i Wl.tense with gyu . t to be offered or tof the obJec b
examples of future tense.N .:B. ~~~~~"1~·~'1 He/She will preach.This example indicates the future tense of atransitive verb, which is not included in Zhan Ibecause the helping verb ~~1 Gyur (hGyur)1n~1icates only a future tense whether 1t is ljl. ,transitive verb or ~n intransitive verb. Here, I
'~some may raise a question why the prefix Ba is !not used for a transi~1ve future ~ 1t is usea ~for a transitive future in Zhan and where theprefix Ha is used for a transitive present inDhag and the same prefix, Ha is used here for atransitiye future:in combination with the helpingverb ~yur. The Sutra says that the pr~fix Basholild be used for a transi tive future, which ~belongs to the category of Zhan, and with thehelping verb Gyur a verb does not belong tothe category of Zhan, even it is a transitiveverb. The prefix Ha can be used for the futuretense of a transitive verb in combination withthe helpinG verb Gyur. Although the main verbis used in present form, it cannot be mistaken\'lith a present tense because the helping verb
20
(b) Zhani
the object of a transitive verb anda fu ure tense of a transitive verb:-
.Q~~l ~~~~'~q The object to be made."1~.~\ ""ifz:t"'~'''11 The 0b j ect to be Been.(1J!i'9~d'~;r~6.r~~l Th~se are the examples of the~ , \ \ 0 b;)ects of transitive 'Terbs.
~.~~.~.~.z:t~.~~\ ~:!J~'The girl will wash a'Q '\ ~
'0 t>late.~~.-'".~~~.~~~\ ~~t:1;.~ He/She will a8complisb'\ ~ ~~ \ the work.~"\'~'''l-if-''1~\ ~t«.\ The king will appoin"t.af~'.Jq~~'~1 .q-r-9 That man will make.~.~.~~:.q~~'\ .q~~, He/She will see with his.7'\'\ y 'or her eye.~'~'4'~a'~'~~'~\ These are the. exa.mples of the~\'\\ future tense 1n Zhan.
The nrefix ~ Ha
The feminine prefix Ha indicatesDhag, and the present ~ense and future tense ofan ln~ransitive verb or a transitive verb withthe helping verb ~q,\ Zhin and ~~ GYU~." Theexamples are as follow:-
lr'C[ f.
22
(a)" Dhag:-
~ ~ c~ .--r- ~"'"UJ,~..q~l ~~~~'~he writer and the writing
. \ lnstrument.
~~·.q·~1·<U1~~·,One. l/,rho drinks and the. -~ ~\ rnetnod of drinking.
. ~ -v- '" ""~~~·.(.f~l (I,~'" ~"'Ione who leads and the
\ ~ \ method of leading.
~~-.ql\~~·if~:g~l~·These are the examples of., \ I . \ the agents of the transi tive'\~" "Vel-hs in Dhag.-- . ~'. ~ ~.~~{y~~~~'~~1 He writes a letter•
.3:l'~~"~t::-'1~'~'\' That man drinks Chhang.~~'~l~a\9--\~' ~&\\1 He/She leads.
~.~~~.~~.~~.~ These are the examples ofV, ~- ._\ transitive present in Dhag.'\~ -\'~ t~'\,\
(b) Present Tense;-
~~3\'~~~~~~1She is going to market.
~~~~~.~~~, The bird is Dying.
t~·~~·~~Z:;tq~~·~~,He is drinking.,,~~ ~ '~:~1\ ,~ II He/She is ~riting.
1-
t~
III
..,,
23(c) Future Tense:-
~~~·~·~§f~·=f·:~~1 They will go to market.
~'~~~"l~~->;l She will write a letter•-r-
~·a1~·clJ~·~C\)\~.f~·~~~1 The Lama will preach.
t:3.~~~.zq T .t""'f,:!l~1~"~ "~\\ The bird will fly.
~Phe rret'ix, Ga and ~ Dha
1'he neutral pref::tx . '1\ Ga and ~ Dha
indicate Dhag, ~an and the present tense and
the future tense of a tramd tive verb in cOlhbi
nation with the helping verb Zhin and Gyur.
The examples are as follow:-
(a) Dh£lg:-
~_ -..r- ........ .....-"""4~',-a\~'1'--1\ 1-o\~~r The wood cutter and thecutting instrument.
of Past Tense:-
He/She examines.
One who sees and the instrument or the methodof seeing.
He/She saw.
He/She listened.
Tense:-
1. am seeing.
She is seeing.
(c) Examples
~~.~\
~'~~9\'
(b) Examples of Dhag:--r- .~::-.
0{~'~'~1 ~~~~'\,
24
(c) Present Tense:-~~~~J::l~'~{ ,~ He/She is cuttine the tree.&~~Jr]l ~ -r-~~~. "I~~~'~l VJ\ He/She is examining.;rJ.,~~~~1(d) §uture Tense:-~.~~?\~~~~The wood cutter will cut a~~~\ tree.
~\,\"l~~~\ '\~ Hel She will examine,
Ii. B. Al though the Sutra '\""does not mention the use ofthe neutral prefix for future Itense, it is indirctly implied Iand commonly in practice. iI
Th~ Prefix CJ{ 1.'ia
The very feminine prefix Ea is usee. for all'the tenses in elud.ing Dhag and Zhan, but only fora few yerbs.
not articularly mentionN.B. The sutra dO~~l t ~r€TixeS but thereabout the verbsw~~h~~~ havi~e pr~fixes. The,are many verbs intransitive/do not normallypast tens~ of the ve.rbahave preflx es •
(a) £K~mnles of Zhan:-....r- -..-....r--
~-~~~1 ~El~·,q~~~l
-.r--' -..-- -..r-(S{~ r~ l:{-!."~l 0..1~ ~. ~J
The object to be seen.
He/She Vlill see,
j~'
\~'
\\
(e) Kxamples of Future
~~'~~~-1\'~~1.....-- -r-
(J.j~'d.\~~'~~~~\
Tense:-
I shall see.
She will see.
~ r ,; , r. ~ t -~ £ -~ ~ ~
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-t ft -
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26 TENSESMEANING
27
pr.~~~·~· pr.~.~. FlI'aJ ~l:'.~C\
Imp·~a.r~~.,~.~,
". \ I .......
~~\11 To erect; to point a ·~z;.'l:If.l.~·«.I~~Jl~~.;l~<\~·~1 -'ll~
finLer tOlllard~: the :;ky ~~\~.q~~,
El~~r ~~1 ~%i~l....,.- -.r-'I. To put on; to wear ~~.tt\ ~~\
~'~l' .~~ ~, ~'~tTo becoi:-.e foolish; to ~\;.r~·~~.q1 ~~.~,.~\beco!tle dumb
,~~~1 11 ~, ~1~I To vocit; to cvm~ out ~4·z.t·~~~"·ll,~,forcefully~~~, ~\ ~~ ~~~I To be ashamed; to be fl·~z:,·~~~."£,~.q,
embarrassed~~r ~ ~ a~t To be born; to co;n3 out ~zt1~~.1.~~~nl.-r- -..r- --...-- -r-- newly~1 ~ ~l ~\ To be sad; to be gloomy ~~'f~\ ~j~~~\~'\1
-r-- -or-- -.r-
1~\1-r- -i- __ .a~l 1~1 To make defective; to ~o.;4~::;~\ ~~'~~'.q\become defective
~~~1 ~~ ~, ~1~(. To be frightened; to be ~,.~~~.~,~~..q\ ~~~'~lterrified
.....~~~~{ . jf~'l ~~l ~~~1 To.swell o~ be swollen ~~·~·~4~~::'·.q~~\ ~.q\
~'\11 -~t ~ \l~1To race: to run away ~"~l ~~·.z:.tr
~~ ~~~\ ~, To make overcast; to i1'~~'6.~~~~'~\~~.~\
'\~Itu'~l ;.. Gather clouds; to pile
~1~'~\l4\~~ ~~ . I ~~lup
To vind; to wrap up; I~\@'L\\ 6.~n4·~~'·~lto roll up
;~~~2)~<:;:';4' L~~:ii;::.'L .I I~ i
?9MEANiNG
To segregate; to cross- -&",~"\0\.t..!o..ora.~,,,·t.l1(Q~~·~·\~~·examine; to se-parate; to Zl' ~-.:(qn..arn.6;~:~\~ isolate\ ~
t make n ..'· ' ,·~r.~J:1·(lJI:ll1.l.""l.l'Ita spin yarn; a -. ~y'oO-,.thread
To st~r up; to ~isturb~ ~'f\'1-l1n.~"'t\~·~l{r~t~l:~:~'~rto ag1tate; to d~sunite, ~~q\to ~te differences by ~instigatingTo break; to crack ~·t.lC\Ol·~~~&:.:q\ ~~~.~••~~~\To stir up; to "churn; to ~9Ji~lt\~\ ~~~"'CJ",'~~4~~"give a fueling of supris e ~Zf\21\a:ar~~"\i!l~Tql. to; to disturb; to openTo sound; "to play musi- Clr3fcf~~·n.[{l'{·l3.n.\l!.~~~\ ~cq'cal instruments ~~.{~l.I'To block or obstruc.t ; to n.if~~a1·~"I:\\(\~~...~n.~~'~' .stop or hinder; to limi tTo fill up; to fulfil; (~~q\(\~~..tr~~~~·~n.Qr~~~ ..:r··to pull. the string of ~d~.~~~r:'q,l:t\ta:n..i:nil:..~~·~·~~~·a bow wlth an arrow for ~ ~~\ -l~ .-, ~ \shooting ~~~x..'?~C\'~'To support; to face up- ~(l.{'~~'~'fa;~, qlt\a;G,wardsTo cause to spread over; fl~~·~·~<t(~\1~·~·~~~\9t!itt)"to cover; to put on or J.3(1.ar~a·~·C2..~2S:'I'-qlto wear . -I~ ~l
lFU'~'~~l Imp. &~'~~I
~~ ~~~~1
~71\~'
~~~~l\~~zy
~~::t::l
TENSES
.~~~1
"'\~Zf\
~~l
~fi4l
~~~~\
_~~zt)~1
~~0-1~1
~11\~'
28
y-:::~ ',.
~;,: ·'i,JL...;;.:,,~.";.A....< ' --'..",., u<r.l,.· :j.,,:\+';:i.F/i(;';'" ~4L4:['~:' iL" .. Li.". ,i·'; :.?f.:i';"" ," :~~~;~:&n' ,\ .. 'J, "".S;,•.;:: '. ';,c i:. i. iii" i,,:, .,~ ,.:,{,< ",.;";",, ." ;;:.. ;
'30 TENSES
MEANING 31
q~~l
'l~~~1
~\1<\11
z:tTt'f~
q~~~l
~~l
~~~l,
~2f\~~1
!I
iJt>
To give responsibilities; (\~'\"~~'ql~~·l'\~~'.ql f.l~'~Zq~"to load; to impose or to ~.~.~t:.'C\E~r~llay a tax; to levy a t ~ ~ ~
Tc, crack; to split; to n..~~·~·n.~~·tll~iJt'~"~f,Z\tQut into hal~es or intopieces
To call or recall some- Jf~~~~~~"'f'·U!"~n.~~r.:lrbodv; to cause to come; o.'~'qt'i'l\41~:h'llE.oIO.qRam41~~a.f1to bend something ~'I~ ~'I'~
To kill; to put to death Zl\~<.;~m3rn.~~~·~1~~'~~'I.f'
To respect; to venerate; ~~'ll\q~W\ql~X\1l~'~\'41 n.ll~·to carry .qQ,iH·~~Z\1
To extract juice from; G·q~"ojq\ ~:q·l\.~~1to take out juice
To detach from; to pUll C\~(\.p~~~~Gl~r..t~Q.1'~q\ ~.out; to extract; to ex- ,\~:j:'~~.ll'j~.z.t'i<f~~ltirpate '\
To break the pride of ~~,·~~n.~·ifilt'i{·l.I·'9~~·'"somebody; to cause to q",'';:\c'Ql ~.X~qlbecome a coward ~ , &of "1"
To register or to make ~n.~\~C\ar~~·l:\l ~·n..~1.\1a record; to coronate ~~1~·.z:.·~:.t::n..Ezn·1..11~~':t:l:l\.'n.%n1::"or to .place on a throne; 7 \)"\ \\) ~, ""\ ....... , \to make peace; to put a r.3j 5~~'a.~~~1si~nature or to put aseal on
32 TENSES MEANING 3 )
I.
Pl.n.'\~"~l Pro ~~l
q1fl~~l ~flf~~'
Fu. ~.~~, Imp. ~Cl.l"~~T
q~i' ~~1
To use as a servant; to cntXlm:k''''~"J::l~-Q1llfrn'if'g~:''J::;-'make somebody serve; to"' 'I~'~~'- ?"\"' ,~use; to isolate; to keep Qr::::m'~l qr:::w~t". . --.Bepara~ely ~'\ '''!! \<:nr.J1 ~~~~ ~1
To talk nonsense; togossip or to drivel
To bind; to fasten or ~~~~f\~"~''11 Q,~'C41to tie; to truss up'~~'r.tl
To fc;>cuB rays; "to send; t\~~I:~:t.1Q..~·~~l~f~ql ~~<\1'to d~stribute; to fight , ~.a war ~~~x.Jl
To scold; to admonish 'l"y:~:q~'I\\~~~l ~l
To select; to move legs,~r..~~"o.r~~~~~·"lI3i't\"\~;q~··eyes ~~c. to dance" r:qZf\'~q~q~~l ~~~~~~·1:.11
~~tscatter; to spread ~~~Jql C;~~~~zq-~I
To share tax: payment; to ~r.q·l:l~~·~::r~l ~~C1.1~z:::".;;q'classify; to elucidate - I ~meanings; to explain in £:fl' ~~·~·~~~~;nnJ·r::JIdetail q ""l
l - (
l [ -
34 TENSES
MEANING ;5
...." .....~~~'~l ~~~~~~.~~~,
~31~~.~.ro:rc'1,~lf)·~n,,~·31·~·q~·· .~Oj~l ~fc\~·~~~~·l\~~·~~ql~ .. ~ztj~·~1~~~-q·t:l..,\q~·~1::r-~._ t:l'~l ~'1;ql t:.:l·~Jt\~l~ ~ .
~~'n}'t1'~Zfl~'f~~Gr~~:ql ~"~1
To feel hungry~~qQ()ff.fq'~~'4·t41
To assassinate;, to kill ~~l\"41 n....~~~·~1
To loosen; to set free ~1:\c-""·,,,,~~·qll:::r6't:,ZSl·~·n.,~~·q~or~\ ....from bondage ~~'~~"'n.l~'fl.:l\'q~~\t41
~,\OI·C::Q.~·~\31·It1'~,\r.:Jl~~~'~l
~'~'m~~lw'~'~~'~lon ano~r$~'n.'\I:I1~'~'~~~'E,jn.~'4f~'~~-"someone ~~~~l 9UJ9'l'.\1
To choose; to select
To 1 ead; to bring to a t:!.~~~J:.ll ~~'~~~'~I a,,'l4·t;·place; to take; to. guide ~~'~Jfrom the wordly m18ery
To wash; -to cleanse; to ~~f~l:p.:aV~I~\~l~,\~'~~~~~1take a bath
To read
To adorn or putperson; to makeput on
To crave; to long for
To steal; to take awaythiLgs unlawfully
To trap or catch in a trap
To inscribe; to dig; to• engrave; to printTo stretch cut one'sarms, etc.; to extend
--.l::3~~1
~~~~
~~~-v-
~~~1-yo-
~~~\
~~~\
ifj~~l ..
~~1.·
~~~\if\~,
f~~'
l:l~l
q~~l
q~z::,:,
~~r3-l1
G~~l
~a1~'~~r:tl
....,.....
~ifl91
~~
~~z::,:l
ru. Ol'R~~\ Imp, &~'~Cf\
~~ ~1
m~l
if\Qll
~1
1C\\11!~'\
"-q!}~{
~~~l
l-\~lv-
~~~l
~~\~I::l\
"-~~~l
z:t~~~lq5f~l
....,.-.~~~,
qri!lZi1~l
q~9~1
q~31~\
~~\
~1~~1~~~\
MEANING -36 TENSES ~11 37
t't.~~~~1 Pro ~~1 FU'~~~l Imp. ~~~Z!1 To complete; to add; to j',\t..l~~'(Il-~z::.';q,'W\'~(~~ar~q'~1
~~Z;~I-v-
satisfy or to fulfil a~~1
--r ~q·~~·~·~·~arr.{",·~\·qlq~~l ~~~1 wish
9~3l~1To make thirsty ........
~~l ~~~1 ~~~1~OJ{~I\~It)·~'
q1~~J". . "
To dry ~~'~J:fI~'~a.I'~\~~1 ~~l z::J~3-11 ~d-l~11~~1
~~~1 ~~'l!lio hide; to keep secret G't:ll &rj~r::q-?!",\~~~~~,~,\ql
q~Z::'l &~~ll To withdraw or to drawl::l~~J Qt~l l:1~0-11 &~~l
'1 in; to make shorter oriI1r.:~z~r~~·~l ~~~~~.IfJ'~J ~.
~.,
smaller; to contract; ~q3r%~:~lfl¥;ql~~"~lto conceal
~.~~1 ~~l q~'l ~~~l.
To make someone carry; ~m,~n.~ztr~l~~~l ~~.:~~,to send; to cause to'.:J venerate or to make ~·i.I,~~·~l
someone pay respect
~~~~ ~~\ q~~l
To induce; to exhort or 4l~~q~flJ'~,\~\~~·CH·~~~~ql
~nJ~'to urge ; to request todo something or to per- ~~~~·~~ct\'suade
9~~1 ~l~~' ~~l ~~1
To ~noint; to apply oil ~:Al ~~·~~~Zfl·31i·(;f-q~~~41·~Jor oinment
..,...
~~1 g~~lTo make someone put on ~~'~'llJ~lr)""'-Jo.3t·~~(.I,~"~
9~~~-...r--
~~'\1a dress or an ornament
Z1~~~\-....r-
~~\,To turn round; to turn' ~~q-~~, n.~~~ql Q.£!f",~'
~~l-v--
~~~,a wheel; to take a ro.m.d,;to encircle or surround ~~l ot~~~~'~'~l
:.~
[ I't -
r.t'_,,",.
tJ~~i~"",; ~ili.i....j"'Li:,j~.,~,"~i~i¥ll$k!~iJ~,~;~';;;*;~iJ!il~t::" \;Jt,i" i~,;;i ',l'i:",Ii
To repeat; to do o~ to !9~·t.11 urr··~~::~:@.z:;:r.tl ~~.t.11 ~.make something aga1n; ~~ ~ ~.to reproduce or imitate ~~~~~qlactions, speech, etc.;to recite
TENSES38 --
--- Irnp.~~~Pt. r':\~~,r4' P"i1 Fu. c~Jr~~\
~&~'\1~ ...-
~1 q~~l ~(1J~1
~~....,...9~~1 1 ~~l
~~c::,~1 ~~l ~~~'1 ~~~1
~~~1 ~~1 ~~~1 ~~1~
-v-q~q~l ~ql ~~ql ~q~lI
- -v-t"i~a4~1 ~<l.11 ~~~1 @~~l
~l'r-~~-l\~l ~@,~l ~~1
MEANING
To boil
To appoint
To look after; to nurseor to cherish; to takecare of; to administer
To kill
To protect or. to giveshelter; to defend orto res~ue
To swish or to stirliquid; to cause turbulence
39
~·~~~·~~·q<".OJ·r\ff~"\i~Zl]·J:.tI·
~'iflO\~lfj~'~~l~~C\~Z:::~~~1 ~~qn-~'It\~"i",'"~~ll'~"'~~l
...-~C\q~~'n,"\1~~'ql
Q'~\ <:l.Rltl~·~~~·~~·ql ~z:.·~l
~C\rz:~l ~,,·qC\~~~~n~ltpJI ~l:ll:'l.. -..r- ...",~l1.l~ql~'~r~·~~"4~(\.\·q·~·n.~·ql~·~n.t.q'~'~~l)"~I31~~&l"4·qI31~~('l.rGl
Zfl~~·~~l'J..a-l·~:t.:~~~~~I~l:f~·~';G\
To cause to tt~ orfasten
To move one's residencor dwelling; to migrator to tl'allSfer
To deliver a person orthing; to see off; tokiss; to lose; to vow;to accomplish
40 TENSESMEANING
41
,,\UJ~q1 ~~e:t.3T~G·9r;c:.·~1
·~ql~~zq·~(\orn.{~r~,,~~·r.J\
tq~'Gl ~q'ZJ}~qr ~O\nr~·n,~··~~~1
~lt\~'<'\~~'E41
;qr:.~'~n.~'~~~~~lt\ "f~~' ~.~n.t'~~'~'~'~'~'~1 n,~~~1
:~~~ ~~C\'Gl
o..r"
:~C\a.n~'~~~<",~9·'41~l\rq1
...,.- -v- ....,~~~~~'-\~~''''ll q~<'-r~'1
To dam: to store
To move; to cause togo or proceed
~o put on a horse, etc.
To turn aside; to driveaside
To make progress; to~increase or to widen
Cauae to vomit
To lend: to borrow; togive or take somethingon loan
To throw or to c~st off;to renounce or give up
To lend or to borrow
To make shaL1eful or to ~~il\·~~·t,jl~c;.:.l:\·RE~Tr.l1 ~E~'cause to be ashamed; to ~~~~\ ~ ~ .~belittle; to bring down ~ ~
To reduce or diminishone's pride or voice;to subdue: to give upTo forget; to fail torecall
iII
!I
I:
-.
~~1
~~l
~~l
~~~1
G~~1
~~~I
~~~1
~~~l
~~~i
~[z:fl~l i
Tq[~'
~~~1
~W\'
~~~,l\\
l::l~~~\
, :
F, rt -\ fL ~
_ ".. """ r _, _ ff (~tL
MEANIl\G
'1'0 cause toto cause to
To beg for food; tomake a hole oy diggingor cutting; to hollowout
If 0 support upright! to ~l.l.l~·9Uf~·C\lN·~~~1 ~,~~.~~..support from all SIdes'" ...,-. ¥" ....so as to stand; to help @~t.11 @.,~,ZI)~·~,\qlor to support
To cause to swell ~~~~~~·tJl ~.~··Y:l...~~r~tTO"'expel; to drive out; ~t\f.\~t.1\~t.tt ."'i9"'11to eject
~
To cause to dancf;; to ~~~'~'(.\~Ji\.qJ ~Q~r~n..(!l~:h·cause to select\5~'i1'ql ~~ot~~~'~l
To establish; to build; 1I$z:.:~·~~~rn...I:rt.:IJrJ..~~..P:'-lC'\~·~a·qlto make . ~ ~ I
r
lENSES
FU'~nF~~l0.
JDlP'~nJ·~zr.I
~~l'y--
~~~1
J:::;}!ij~'l ~~~1
~m~l-...r-
~~l
~~~1 ~~l0lt
~~, ~~~l
;q1il ,~~I"'0
~ 'V""
~~r.1.l\ ~n.,1~1
Pt. r\~~,rql Pr''\~l
~~~~1--y-
~~,
lq~~~l m"l~
-..r-
l:lm~l ~~\
t::l~~~l ~z::}l~
~~a{\, ~~l
~~l ~1
q~t'-i~l ~~1
42
r.. .,..~-fr,o.~~~~~':,~ ~-" ''''~':'':~L.~,.;:L;';'';ri-,,~~~t#'t;t,';i'·~;,",..~:~;Z:':,:L~_, .. ·6..~,/'j21~~';!;~1Sri".
f;I ENS[S
I4.4
--..r-~p! f":\~~tql Pr'~~1 I'u. ~.H:J.,\~~, imp. &rlrmZI\
1~~l (.\~z:q~l ~~91 ~Z{Y'11
~~~1 ~~l ~~1 R~9~1 ,~~~l ~~~l ~~1 f~/~l~l ......
~~'1....
.....f~~l ~~'l flZ:::~l"
~~~1 f.\Al:ll....~qlfl~~·q
" .....""
n..f~k\l n-flfl.11 F~~lf1~'
F'\'-v-
~q~l f~lRfz:t~j
.-F~\
-v-
8~1-v-~1"li91 ~~~1
.....,- -...,--F?ij-v-
~Oil fl3-l~l~fl~~l
.....,- -...r--if~l ~~~1 ~~l fl~~l
r:L
MEANING
<:\.To calm dow n; to bend down ~3.1~:rn.m~~·~l ~~""~I ~'?t:to fall asleep; to be n..~~{·{~1 ~·~~ttl~·f..llvalued; to be worth
To pant; to whisper ~~~·~~~'=4~~·~~G\~~~~~·r-.Jl'I'o comprehend; to hear ...... ~·rt..lr:l.,~(fzq~tl:Jl ~~orif~·t..ll
~X::'~c;:q1To be full OJ \1'
...
... ...,-.~~·~·l:i1:fJ~·!"..~::l\·9
r:~.~·~·rt.J l'\~'€f~.~~,rn,~~1R~~'ql ~~~·t:ll
47
~·~z::::\\~zq·~~~·l:t\il:\·Ql~~~.~~.C\~'31'~C\~'~1 ~'~~~~:~l
~q~-q,·~\ql ~~Z::P~~'~l
"~~~~·Zln..~·n..(i,~·ql ~l'\t'~9CN'~r:l.f}'e:tl
A[if~Xll ~~ql
. MEANING
To cover up; to spreadover.
TO'gossip; to conversemeaninglessly
To roam; to wander; tostray
To wind round; to movein a circle; to circle
qo float on water; tobecome mentally unsettled or unsteady
To be collected or to ~'3Pr~'~z:\'~l ~·~9~·~~·qlbe stored; to accumulate ~ ~
To move swiftly; toflash
·To embrace or to hug;to encompass; to coilup; to surround or toencircle; to have greatfaith or interest insomeone or something1 To be transferredfxf To run away
To carry; to take awayor to bring
~~~l
~~I,~~';:Z~l
~~~~1
(~~l
'"P~~l
, iI
46 TENSES
Pl.~~~·r..:tl Pr. ~~1 Fu. ~'n::-~~l Imp.,,~~~"
~'~1Ii
~~ ~9 l~'tl~\i;I
\ !: ~~l ~ql ~~l ~~lIr
,
~~l Q~~~1 ~'\1 ~~~l
,.
ir
~·~1 n..~~,\, ~~~\I ~~'\1i
&~l ~~~le-...
~I~~l ~~~lI I
..:, <:-.,
~~l~~l Q~p.l~l <'..
ro-et:l~l
~~ ~~~I ~~ ~~~l
~'~l I ~~~1 ~~l ~~\
.... ,,' ';. . -.", ... -'.~. ",'.: ..;0::-.,...•.••~,'~i.<:;<.\5d ..~..;.,<,.... ::·:"»,,.,",<}iL\.:J;iL;i,:;~·, F....~.
,L".< ,¢'::':'..J"~~~§k:;'ldji •.)-\j,i,.ii:!¢;TN;j;;"jJ',,,;,;, '"' --••,,"~=.... ,~ . = ....... -' -- -- --.. -
49
n,,\ltr~1 ~tr;cJl:l,,'~~'91 ~t::.:~·~~·z:tl
!~0\'l:4~a:l'~~1 n,~~r14l 3)9~,p·Jl
MEANING
To become clean; to bewashed
To hate or to dislike;to be hesitant
To E~plain a book; toteach in detail:To embrace; to hug; tocoil up
To long for; to ~ravefor; to be greedy
To get angry; to befilled with anger; tobe indignant
To become wise; to ~~~·t.l~r.l.Ill,ql ~fl~'%..I~~~·~1become a scholar; Cause ~ ~,to be learned
To b. accomplished; to ~u~t\~~~~r(1.~~~·~1~~~'~q'l,J1become successful.To become or to be un- ~~~l cH'~iql ~~'~~'qlsteady; to feel giddy;to sway
To reach one' B destina- ~~·:¥;·~r4·~~o.l·~~p.:nW·P:::tl~~~.tion; to complete one' s ~~'C11life
48 TfNSES
PI ~~~'~1 Pr. ~\~1 Fu. ~'n:Z;~1 ~mp.~n:j'~lfJl.....-
Rml::.,~l p,{[J:.:l....,...
~Z::;1 ~~1-..-
~~l ~~~1 ~~~1~~-1
rf~l....,.-
~P-l}'".--
\.\~~l ~~l
c, C\ c.\ c.,~~I ~~'~l ~~\ ~~l£\
R~~l ~~1 ~~\1~Oil
~~1 ~I%l R~l m~l-- I q~~~1 "' '"~~1 ~~1 ~~~1
~~l ~o:t~\...... "~~l f!t~~\
"v- ~
~. ~~lf-l~l fS.1
~,
~c( r
Ii.. - i- l r - r: - . ;:: - :J ~ -[ " - - - t t ,~~
r { - - t t -{ .t ,l ~ - t.. - ~ -~ -~ c
50 TENSESMEANING 51
....... I r-Pt. a.~·~l Pro \11 rJ~ ~'Q~~' iIlp. ~cr~41 ,~I _.r- "';, __
I . To neccssito:te; t? becomC' l,..q~·a.tf·:ql ~4j~'~l '1,~.~~.~~l ~Fl I C4 flJ ~~lI
! necssary; to 1e ~n need ;Cf>Jr'I.{\P"lI,
~~~, d-l~~f ~~.t\ l c1~~~f I To be necreti ve; , to l~;'~~~,\'~C\~~~-':)~~~concea.l 0r:ets knowlec.ge ~~·t.lI4\<C\~'~~rr~~~r~~{QJC)with ill lntention ~"~'~~clr'~l~t::'.t:tl"'" c~~~, "
1~'~\ ~~~'~J ,.~\~~~, ~~C\1 ~~~~J To know; to understand;
. " to cOJllprehend~ f\ ~'l <=\f\ ~'T (.).~~~1 ,,~ ...... ........
C\F~~·lTo be unsatis~ied; to"Q€ oro.t~J/~t ~z:.~'\tJ:ll \~~r~CIJ~1
,
niscontent or De hateful ~~'..c::\~flc;~~l a.fI~1 ~FO-lJ a.F~~' To bec?me unconc ious; ~~r~,,\.;)\~~.t:.l\~aJ·t:l1to be In CCQa I~i'l:l~~; ~F~\ a. F~' Rf~~l To lone; fur; to crave I~~.~, ~~.fct~~·~\ ~,,.l:tl
'I
fox; to be grEedy; tcbe impeded I(\~ ~~1 (.\ ~1 ~i~l To be unsa.tisfied; to I~'c14~q, ~:.:~·~.qlhate I
~~d.J~\ C\R1~' ~R1~' \~,~~~1' 'l'o conract or shrink; to ~a.~d..\'~\ ~~.t:t\ q\t..l\ ~~~'~lI
be araid of; to recoll ! '~~~~, A~~l ~~~l ~~~\r:;1 To serve l'Iil]ingly~ to :~Ui~\~~~~,.q·~·~",~~~~~,
be sell-contTolled I "I f,
~~,.t4 \~~~.~t5.l'l:l\1f-r- -.r- ~ -r-
or tu rn -round; ~~·.qq,·~·~.r~f"~t~F~,\' ~~~l ~f~l ~f:;~l 'l1 0 ro to. tc\
I -.r~G-tt"j~l I ~~~I ~~24)1 ~~''l~1 1'0 fl'eeze or beCO\l1e very i~~~~·.t.\'~.c:r~\~~·~·~~'t:JfIcold: to be chilled :
I
' II
MEANiNG
To ~aund
To be mistaken; to beconfused
To be crooked; to. become ~l{r@~'3jlt\~·r.tl~ifltl'~lcrooked or to tWlst
'ro crave for; to be im- 0';)lf\~rqn3q ~C\CI)~~"-gl:ll~'E:ded ~~·l..1~or~ft-ql
Co· <.'. c.. (".To become· 0 vercas t; to y~~~~'",'.qfc\~~~'~I~Zfl·t.llbe pil~d up l'1.~'~l
To. fight; to quarrel; ~li)~c:.'~r..'.qc:l.ar(.l,~~~ltl~"to disturb 01'" to bE' in q-, ~~~'OJq~'~n.~'ili.~~.~rq~r~ldisorder. to be confused ~I -'\ ''f'C:i
n..~'t\''14\
To be born .~ql ~l::..q\
IIf .To wander; to ramble
~~~1
~~n;Jl
~·~I'l.ll
Fu. c;!~~l lrnp. Ji~'~I I I .
(-\f@,~1 n~~~11
R~zq_ ~~1tI~'
R~l (.t·~~l
i
TENSES
~~~l . ~~~lI
~~"'1 '\11 r:t-kl."'11
~fQ~'\l! ~~~l,I
52
Pt r.t~~·~lI)r.
~,
~~~, ~~l
~~Z\1~1 ~9
~l0tl
I~l
0- C\.~~l:f1~1 ~I~ltl
~k\zrr~l ~~'V
,
II
:1I
I
III
.tv .~j.; ,,,;,;''.,.; 1
l,
~ IT, - t, r.
~ :: i: L,
E - ,it - :: t -- l
~ [ ~ L .. - 'l -[ { - - J ~ ~ -~ -~
55MEANING
To hear; to comprehend or ~'q~~~~'''-\l f~'~1 ~·qlunderstand; to perceive
To become older end older; 1fi~·'iS"'O::l9~·l:·q ~~-q~~.~~~~'"to age; to decay; to crawl C!>zt)~'~l 9~p.r~z::I·~1
To cough mr':1.:3r~~::t.r~99~·q1
To put on; to wear 9~·;;r~~·~~·q,
To be accustan ed or used r:t,~~'~l iifo.l~·~lto
To respect; to showrespect
To die
To go aside; to avoid
~o be cracked; to bebroken
To be full; to becolle full fltr:;,,'Q1 n-l:l'\~'1::\1
Tt' hide; to conceal ene' s ~·a-ta~·q~·~~~l L~I:l''11self
fo be liable for; to be ~n.t·~~~·~rlJ·.:tlsubject to a tax. etc.
Imp.,~Cl,r&z\)l
~~'1
~~~l
FU'3r~~~\
~~~l
c;'t::ll
TENSES
Pr'~~1
! ~ltjt::lQl:\jq~\
Zf{~~l If\f\1{ . l:f\0-l~ ~~~l
't1~\ C-\~~l ~Zfl~1 ~~l
~~l ~\1zrn ~\19\ \1~~1
\1~1 ~~~l ~~l \1~1
\1~1 8\l~1 ~\1~1 ~3-l~1
\1~1 \l~l ~~l .~91,~
9'-v-
zrn ~~1
,~,...,..
9~1'-r
9~1 Zf)Zfn......-
~~~\ ~~1-v-
Zf)~~l ~'t)l0l1
~~~,"V'" v- ~
~~l 9~' ~~~.l...,--
~~Z011......-
9~~1~~~l 1tI~~1
PI. r,,\~~-rr..ll
~~'1
~F:::l'
54
;iI'i
56 TENSESMEANING ~, 57
PI.r.V\~·~l Pf.~~' Fu. ~'?\"~1 Imp. ~r.lJ.~~'\:.
Zf\n:tl ~~~~1 n,zt'f~l 9r.tl~1 To go to ~1 isolated ~~a;9~~·~·~~ql. place
~~~1 ~Zfl ~9 lose or to dEstroy [email protected]:tl~1 To ~l:fI·~r;a.t·~'·~l~~, ~~l :?Jl ~~1 '10 decay; to diminish t ~~n§ql ~~~·rJ",ar",E(r..:~(.\~·
~'a; n..'!1.·Gl C\~~l ~~~~1 ~~~J W~~1 '1'0 change; to become ~~ql qV<\~'CC\Zf\'~9~~1@, "" "~~1 ~~~~G'~~-if~q·~·~'·~~@.'\~l
~\~l ~~1 To straighten" "'
~~\...
~t:.·ql ~~Gl~~1 ~~~t;\ ~=c,~1 1'0 give up; to abandon....
"' " ....
~:z:.."Z:\1 ~~~·3;)qn.a.rn.~ql f'n~l\l·t.31@~l A~~ll ~~1 ~~,l To become separate; to
disperse; to be di vor-c cd
'1'0 repeat a statement ~~J..l·~~·~·a.I·"z:;_··q(l;~Z:lr~:t..·"(~~······wi thout a~I·E.eing wi th ~~'i\~lit
c-.
~7:!-11
,~~1
,~~1
~Z-Z'1
C".
~~n:t'\1
~~qy'~q~l
~01~'n--~~l
C'-
~~~l
~~l~011
Q,Sfz::.',
C'\
~~~l
~~~l
~~~1'''-
~~·~I
,.";Ul
~"
To become well.K:nown; ~~~If}~·~r:::.·q{~orUJr:::.~·~-~~~~·r-.!1to be faUlOLtS ~l:\~t:fI~'~~'~1
'1'0 be spread out or d . fr~a;jZ~p.:q (1~~'~1pE'rsed; to be scattered
'1'0 roll up; to snowball ~~'~~~1 ~C\.1·.\M.:r~l:ll~.r~1
To be accomplished ~~'Z\~~~~:"~tt)~'@£:'l~q'~l''1'0 be broken or crackEd ~~'~l n({1~'~1
'ro di e C\t·q~a.r~~C:~'l"':..11
, ,- , . r: ~ t -:; - ~ [ '- ~ ~ -'~ ~ "- - L -, - c " ff IT [ - i, r - t t :; t. J -r r - - t J- C - t ~ -• - ~ -"-
:. c,- .- \ .}~ '.~~ ,.:..., ,::;.,.~ ,;;"-'-. "~u ~~ ',,~.;'..;i,'~~';.~" ~,,;.L;,;;i-;~;;:LjLj';,;i~ .. , ';l'~:"l :::~';':'ll>' .';, t;\:~"J/" ~"4,;{<:~;;};;'!!j,}~'.i,L<t>,, ""'in';;::""{/<':~> /,,4L,::,d,...;;;},J:,•._
MEA:-.lING
To be free from suffering ~~\·q~t1.1·rq~r~(l,pq\ ~I::\\'or to bec orne fre t; to be ,)liberated
To answer; to patch
1'0 display emotion through ~a.rr"I~~c.:~l fl·t{Y\~Col1 ttlU1C4'&:tlphys tcal posture; to 0 pen V"
mouth; to yawn
To hire; to rent
To talk or say; to mention lt1~·f\~~"L.tI'1-~·~f\t·Jil~~i:~~\
To press down; to tread n-~:~r9a;3i~1 ~a;-C\'~1on
C'<" -.rTo squash or to squeeze; n.~.ql ~~~'r~lto press or crush
To relax or loosen; to ~5~Et\~'c:q ~~~tn..~~·z:tl~9·~(t,~·release; to set free ~!r~I\~a'Y:.Jl
To become old; to become ~l:"rtfJ:llt\~'~'~a~~'flOl~~'if"physically weak or to be- £11'\~·t.:llcorne lean and t~in
To decay; to decline; to ~~·rq\~:~n..~ql ~,,~~~'.qQ.o.t'"become weak or smaller ~~q~l ,
'" , .....To focus; to become men- ~Ulc.::::'1 ~Ql~'~\1.3t:,·~ltally ~xcited
60 TENSES MEANING 61
$~~' ~!\l~1 ~~~, .2~~1" ,
~C1-1~1 ~~1 ffi,o.:t1 ~~~l
~"'l1 ~~ll ~.I~l ~~1
~1 ~l ~l ~l.,~9 ~Zf] \~Zfl ~Zf1~~l0l1 ~9~1 ~!f)~l ~~~1
~lt\\-\\ ~Zfj~l Z\~Rl ~~~1
~\11 ~\~1 ~~\ ~'\l1
" ...... ......
~~~l~~~l ~4~1 ~~~l
~~~~l.......--
~G'f~~l ~if\~~l~~z::..~l
~Zff~~,-r-
~9~'1--..--.
~\z:r\Z011 ~~~l
[ - l -~ ~ ~ ~
~~
PI. ~~~.t.l\ Pc. ~151
~C\\ ~~
Fu. d-1.·~~1 Imp. ,~l"l.l.~'tj
@'i} ~~The meaning of this velb !~I:tl·~Q,3r~G·I=..l·~·p;lr:.:r.r~l::r&:ll~3t'differs ace ordl,~g~ to •:: cn1j:1;tr\'G\ 1fIcJ.\·q·iftllr"l1 ....a:-;;.zr1·~1 ~'0lC:~text eg. 'tomeditC1.te,to~·1 -" e'. 'I~'I \",ouild a house; to walk; ~~'~ZfJ~,r~~~lto fire a gun; to rolldice. etc.
'1.'0 be self-satisfied; to ~lf\~'~1 @.,~~·~·~·Ol~.q~~~~·t..tlbe haughty; to be ~Uh
To win or conquerj to m~rn~,ifq-&..ll ,\q"~~~·1:.J1subd'le
'10 tncrease; to enlarge; ~~'1\~qlcE'~Cf\~~ql~~~n..~~'"to flourish ~~'C4'~'lq~'~'~'~r~I
to go; to move n..~1 ~'ql ~~ql
to run: to race CN~~n..~l:ll
To serve j to serve drink,Uf~'if~~~~lE.:a)I.:"~_Ifj~ ~l
To be happy or pleased; ,\@.~·qr:l.or~~~·~l ~,,\~I::1a..~~~'to be delightei (\~z::!'C4l
~"o bend downj to become ,~~~~ltl~T'~l~9~'~l-~~~'~'''l1crooked I
To be delighted; to l.'e- 1~~'&.IO'~·~'$~·~l '\9n:~1 n..~,\~r~j 0 ice \~'('1.rn..c:ll::p;,~I
'1'0 thi:lk; to reflect; to !1:1~~~~§r.:.·.qn.~·"~a.l~t"f.tl~3i-r.tlcontemplated; to conside~~~nrn..t..~6.l1~Etf~[~~~Z41
To want; to be necessary lr:r,,\~l.\' 0\~J:t~1 ~if\~'I4~l:fl~'
( - ( - ( - r - II-
,l - , - t - t [~ l - l c L --' ~
~ -~ - ~~
To be delighted; to be '~~.~,03~''41 ~Zf\n.:.q,1-happy or pleased; torejoice
ITo block or stop; to obl.Q"cl)l:\9~"X\1(1,~IS:l·~1~~·~~~-;"struct; to limit or to i~'n.~l'l..~~'r.t.~·ciI'~~'~lretain I \To make laugh or smile ~~ar'\Zf\~~\~ar\&f~~~'~l~'~lTo throw food into thet3l.~·n.~a.l'lqlmouth
To estimate a person; to ~~~=t~~~'~lt""~~Oj~lexamine indirectly; tospy
62 TENSES
;
PI. ~~l~l41 Pro ~Bl Fu. <J\'CS:~~'1l Imp._~~~
I
!
i I I '\~~Ii
~~~1 ~~~1 "
11~~~l
---- "v-I >qZ\lztl~1 ~'Zl.l~1 l:;lGl91 ~Zf\~l( .q't}Zf\)
~9\\-v-
~~~l~~~l ~9~1q~Ol\ (.4,~011 ~2:f\0-11 :"=\901~1
q~3.l~l ~~3-11 ~~~1 ~~01~1]
---- --..--~~I
-v--z:tl:tla-1~1 r.\9~1 C"\~~~1
~if\~~1 -- - --... --~tt}~1 ~~~1 ~z:t").:t:,~1...,- ....--.
~~1 ~Zf)~l~~~~l l:lZ\l1~~~1 ~iflZ:-\l ~~ l:1~1~'~1 ~~1Z~J q,~·~l ~~~!c-.. c-... C\. C\Z1~~1 9~~1 ~~l ~~l~~~~1 I ~~~1 "' .....,
~~::l\l l:::\~;q,1
~'3l~~1 I ~~l -..li:!l~l ~~C\~1i.
MEANiNG
To walk; to pace
To delay; to detain
To put on or to wear
To divtde; to share
To delay
To work; to do
To put in tune; to c~ant
To count; to calculate;to find out by workingwith numbers
~3rZ:r~~·q\ i\\~'1.rijq,
~t:,,~·~~~·&:.Jl ~~~~·n.ifij~~l"' ~~:; ~il\~~~',c~rti'f~.~J
Iq9~'~z::r~, ~~~'G9~'~~~1
;<4.if\~~(1,~zq·~ll\@z::-~n.~~·c.)l
~1\q, ~~.t~Y~~l:.ll
~~~~~O\Gl ~~~'~~'~l
~~~'~'(2.~~X{~3\'~I:l,' ~~.~-q"'Z.l1
.~o open widely ego oneI8pri!f~~~q, ~'-q~~X1n,~ ••--.'"mouth or legs etc.; to ~'\.~stare
To purify; to clean; to !~~·q~~l~~,,·qlfilter
To peal; to husk it~~zq~·~~&t\~q~~·~ex-~~-ql\l~q'~~J
To grow old; "to age" ~
To take route; to cros. ~~~'f\E~·ql~~~\{~~1q!f~~~to go or to get througt~ ~to travel
To discuss; to have a ~~·~~~~~1 ~~~~~~~~,discussion; to debate
To crOBS the river; to ~'~I1i~·;qr~~~t'\-q'~~lcrOBS a lim! t; to take t6'~lt...~J!:I~~'\~la bath '\{ "3
To find out by debating t"\~~~>i~'~f~q~Qr~'~~Z{jto debate I "To use pI·o~isionB :m a gql~·gi:t'\~,\~ljourney , ""
To cauae to be delayed; ~.~\~~~,.J.t]~~.q~.to extend ql ~"
~~ fill up; to stretch 1::\~~'~~1 ~~,,§t~~~~,~Gi~ &~'~l .
64
PI.~~~~1 P("~1}l FU·~·~~l Imp. ~~-~~
~~~l ~~~l G~~l (.\~~1
I~~~l~~~~l ~~~l ~~1
~~~, ~'\l ~l ~~~l.... " ~~n
.......
q~~1 q~l ~~~l-v--
~~~l ~~\}-~Sf I ~~~1 ~~~\
~~~1 -q~........-
~~~l~~1
--~~Cll~l 9~1 <qiti0ql ~~~1
~ifJ~~l ~~1 ~9CJ:\1 ~~l
~~9~1 ~~Z011 zq~zq ~Zil~1
~@~~l ~~1 t:.\~~l ~~~l
9~"'''''1 I ~"'·l ~@,~l ~~~:'=-" """"
MEANING 65
" -~ - (; - r - r.- - - - - !L
- !f -f = :c ~ - C It ~ -F = f ~ Ie - ~r '1 r r ,
~ ~ ~ J
.;~
....
'. ~' (-' .'. . ,.,. --..;,,"," .; ..: : '.--'. • :
,.... ''''<. ,-'.. . J. •• ' ;.',~ .,;,'.,••, •••...•••.•....•••••. !., :~.·,·~~;-, .•·C.""'-'-=:.' '.•••
....•...•. :•.•.....•.'•.•.•.. .·.....•.••..•.•'.f.: .••:~.'. .•...' ..,.•..•••.,'.~..•.,...••,_........• "'.' .....•...••.•.•' •.•'o.iWo,.•.: .•....: ! , ,.. ,...•.'.,'.....•.:..•, :."..•.• '•. , .. ,"' ' ___ '. ,: - -;,,", ."~: '. ,.".-' -,.: :,- ".:..; .~- ',~ .' ,,' ".,...' I '., .. - -,: -. ,----
. __ " '__ ~_ :_~.c- ;;_-;>_- .: -. _•. _ _ _-, - __ . - _ __ -_ ,. . ' . " . ."~:.:~~b;.:.<~··,.-.;{~;~~.-· /~ ''l.~' ..~'-:. ,.'.k·li¥~a:':V'-"· -'-;;j;"j 9: itI~ ): ", i:\+"'~ '.' ,".-,. k •
-..,.........~""'".,'.i.;,..:.'<l;,·-·~~i~~ - -----
66 TENSESMEANING 67
To ornali,ent; to beautify ~~·~~~n.,~'~~~1~Ul~'~11br to decorate; to wear ~~~.~,or to put on"The meaning of this verb (Il,G'~q,'Gl3\,,~~z:rGl~o.;n.~q~"differs according to q'~~~lcontext, !g. to bUil~;to shoot; to reply; tomark, etc.
To become unconcious; to ~'C\·I..(·n..a~~l a::~~t'\~'~''\''\"'~~"'faint; to become weary F~·"-3.1or to tire
Pt.<"\~~'~1 Pr'~~l
~~'\1 ~<\l
l::1~~~l ~~\
To run a race; to makeone run
To descend; to send orto arrive by way of; todo indirectly; to continue without interruption
~~'Zl\~~ql~~\1'~r~,
-~G~~l:\~or~f'4'%'\'~\~~ozq~L·~~Gl.q~ar~~f4~~l
~~l--q~~l
~~Y\l~l
~~~~l
~l~~
~i9
~~~l
~~1
~~1
(9~1
~~~1
To string; to put inline
To deflower; to havese~ual intercourse
~o make one swear; tocause to take an oath
f To cause to fill
I,
~~-q~~·Z-l.1 ~~\11~~·z:.tl
~~·q·["~r-t1 ~aff~~l n..~z:.t::l\:~,q,
!~,\n.:~~'~' ~~~~('1.\·\\(2,~~·l:.Jl
~'\~~-"-ii)"'"'!1j,'~'lr"ll
69MEANING
To order; to cause tobe predisposed; to behabituated
To meditate; to practis ifk~q"t¥~ar~;J.t~~'~ztr~·zq~~''qlmeditation,' to cultivate ~ C\ ~ \5
i3~'n.I::~' C'''41in meditation ..... .\
(1J~'~~~1
To cause to bow down; to 3lJlf~~~~x:tl~"~r~It\'i£J~~~'
bend down ~~3r~~~Q,~~'~1
To shake; to cause to Jt\Ui-;q~W\q~G'\~~~'ll)f',ql ~~.
move ~·~~"X.I1
To wait
To cause to covt?r or to (\~l:l~~·~~q1~~'~~~'~iif~'spread over; to c~ue~ ~o
weC.r or patch n.~~1 ~~x..l·@z::r~·~~·ql
To dip fry; to soljd'ify q~~if"l:\~~~41~·~,,·q\ ~~.in oil n.~q( '. ~
To make agIo1ular mass; ~~·at~·.Qlii)t::~~.~q,~,q~r~~lto'heap; to make paste ~ ~I '
for food
68 TENSES
-v-Imp.~~.~lt1-,. ,
PI~\~'-ql Pro ~~1 Fu·~·~z:::.~l
--- ...,--
~Sj;q~l ~~l ~~~l ~~1
---q¢l~~l ~~l ~~:I\l ~~~1
q~lfl~l ~!ll l::\~~ ~9~1~
q~~~\ ~~1 ~=\l ~~~1
~~~\ ~n'l z::t~~l ~~~l
zq~~~l..,..-
z::t~~'l'"V'-
~z::.~1 ~~~l
~~~~l ~~l ~~~, ~~~l
----- ~--..r- -v-
~~~1 G.~1 ~~l
~~lc-... e- ~
~.~ ~~~'l !lt~~,
~~~~l ~~l ~~~i ~,~~l,. I\:>
[ ~~ [
.~
.~
. c .~
.~ t [ r
~r t
~ ~ ~ ~ . - - ( - [ - [ :; l :; :; t.
i:. - - ~ ~Ie .- ~ L ~ L - - - Ie ~
111 1 J.~
J~
.. " ..r-.To cause to fall down; n:r~n..~~Q\ n.E.,~~-l\~<lfl"l.l~~·~:r-~lto cause to break down;to over turn
. To read; to announc e; to ~&"f~~lm.q-q!\~~f~qlm~~'~-q.. 'declare; to proclaim or 1\~·~f\.\·qS\Il}·€!\~l. to promulgate
-TENSES10
Pt.(\~~~~l Pr.~~1 FU.~~~~, Imp.,~Cl:l'as~
zq~~z;.,........
~~~l ~n:t~l~~1
...,....
~~~l~~lt\~l Sj~ -q~~ .
~~rz~l ~~'l ~~~'l-...r-
~~~l
z:t~~l ~'\1 ~~~l ~~lI-v- ......~~~~l ~~1 ~~rJ.:Il l:!1~~1
Co..
~C\
iFl~l~~~~ ~~~
co, ~
q~l ~~1~~~'\l ~~1
~~~~~
~~l ~~l~~1
<:\
~1 G~l ~31~1~~~~l
MEANING
To make someone countTo cause to open eyes,mouth etc.
To save or rescue; toeet free; to liberate
To put in order; toarrange or to rectify;to make suitable
To have a competition;to cause to compete orto compare
10 cover; to hide bycovering; to hide
To concentrate; toexercise the mental !XEon; to pay attention;to spin or twist thethreads together orentwine
71
~~~"Itf~~-n~"T~Q3fn.~"~~'·~1
n.~\~~~·~1 r'·64Iff~~·~~,,·~~~-q1
'~Zil~~nrqr:lcr~q-ql ~~'q~1"l1'nJ~'nJ'l:lJ J:l~q"n.~l"ll
~~·~"Cl.'(~~~·~\~~JqI ~~C'-
~~ql n..~~'3'n.~,'~'
"-~ll\ ~~'~1 n.~~~-n.~1
~~'~i~~ ~~~~~.~~~ ...~~t.\' "l\,z:,:l\l~·cq·~ztYG~·~~~I-&'\'I.l·~or~r~~l
~~. , -' ,. ., '.. , ._ '_..'.<~_._._..':.; ".'.: ,:..',-'.<,'.'" .•', .. . "'. ,-- . , '. .. ", . '" : . . - .OJ ,,~ ••,,'- . ',' :;." ... ,,: '," ",', "'.' .• -',' .. ".- ,,··-.-i·.,-.,···.~, . , .... -. ',' _ ," " :'-'J •.':.......,.','••~~,,: •. ~._.'.~._.::...--:;,'.,.,.•• __. ;"~. __'''::'-'. .·_.:''",:,,,'_":_C-''~~:''''.i''hA''L-.~.:.......:'''-''''~-='''......, _'''''''''''-_'_>:.~:''::-'-''~-''';'~~....:.i..''.)?~'~;:-''~_~~~""~,,,--.• ~~~~~"'~~~'<'l;.._;,,·:s<,.·.-Y..jfj.ed:';f-"<r':"'··lf .0::_ ~ ~;;; . ~
TENSES
--- C-Fu. ~~~l Imp.~~a;,
-q1f~ ~~~,
~~, ~'~1
~~~··f ~r..-~1
~1i41 ~~~1~.qI t.q~J
~~~'I ~~l
'1~ ~f
1 ~" -(tto.~·~~ot·~~rTo fold; to \"I!'al~ up; to .q'J:.{~ ~5.6.{ ~ ~I ~ Icause to fold or rcll q-~l'un" to cornhine ~
~ ,To collect; to pick up ~.ql ~'<\~'~4'~1
.......To ce.use to purify ~~.~~,.z..t~')l:-~'~\J:.{\
To haVE conpetition; to ~~~l ~~\ ~~'.q\corr.pete; to compare ~
To carry out; to accom- ~~3"~~'.q\ ~~~~4·.q1plish; to ~erforr.1 ~.ql ....To hoist; to c~tUB~' to . ~~~-.ql dp,~a.!o.,·r..tl tQ.'t.·~:;:.q1rise; to ro.ise
To yoke; to <lFply the. ~~~,q\ ~.~.q·~·~~".~r~~same method 4~"'~'%11 ~~~~·.ql
. ~ot~'~~~~1 ~~~'Z\1 ~a;~<:bTo mend; to restlch Riz:r'~'1\ \'l3~.~~~\
'ro cause to wear orp1.rton~~~r~\'t~,\~\~.q·~·tut~4·It,,·~ ~~~I ..... . .-r-
To r€ joic e; to sati s:~: ;'~CfJ~·:\,t.\·.J:la..c~.f'\4a:.q·:l:.·';J/\.t.{~~
to be glad a..,q.q-.ql
To be stopped; to be ;(..~:.z:{~'·~~~4~,4L.l\halted
'1'0 be rl'l3ta1~en; to be a:f~..l:\' ll..\~.ql '~4~·.l:l'violateJ~r trespassed
T3MEANING
~.~~11.q;~1·~1
~~i
~4~~rr
~~<2.I-'\{
-r--
~~
~~1~l~r
~'1~.llf~r
/2
Pl.~~~·~l Pro ~\'~r
q~~,\{ ~1
lI~4.~lr ~,
~~~~,a~'J-:;-
~~~~l ~~l~~~~, ~~r~~'~} ""'"~~'J
""~~~(
--r ...........
, ~4YrJ ~~-r
~~0(1_r-
I ~~1.,
j,~1 a\~1
, I:~~ ~~4I'd
:1I i
I,~~~l ~~~JII
IIIII
, ,L _ l:..
, r ~r
,
t, r - r , t , i.. ~
[, r r , [ r - - t - iL .J [ :::;r - [ ~~ \. ~ [ c ~ l -' --' ~
L -
\'
74 TENSES MEANING ~\ 75
Pl. c':\~~'~1 Pro ~51 Fu. ~·?f~~1 )mp.~~~zqur~l ~-";r?,r'P\·(.),~~·qlTo become unsteady; to
~~~, ~rJ.l1 ~rlll ~~~, move
~iff~~' Q~~1-.r-
q~~~lTo be trespassed or to ~~~la..ct)~·X\1 ~~~·~l2:t·ql~.z.j!
~li)~1 be violated; to be dis- il~' tgraced; to be afraid of
Q.9~"1 8~;Z1 ~~i""y-
To be delayed; to be ~"Z-l' a.~"J:l1~~~1 late""v--
~zrr......- ---- to be 3\~~lt\~'t:\~"Z\1 f\"3{·(;:J~~·~~~1q~,~l RltI r;ZT"\~1 To be infected;
covered
q~ZZ~l ~~~1 ~~'l ~~~1 To be delayed; to be Ril'f~X\l n..~z:;.·E;l1late
C\ ~
~~'1<'.
~q9'~l:,Jl~~'~~0l~~1Q~~~ ~~1 q~~~l' To assume a p08ture; topose
~~1 P~l ~1 ~~~l To focus one's mind on ~Ol~·~r1.l·~·'t\ur·qo..or~~qlif)t:;rqlt)'an objeoi; to scatter from ... eo.. ~
the intended object as ·G~·O-l~Ola::..~~~'~T~r~'fJr;t\.1~··
in meditation; to form 1t\~'~~2f\~'~1the limbs of a child inin the womb
\.\~~~l " '-~~~1 ~.t'1:I'~~ql n,~}'l.P:ll~~Clll ~~l To fall; to ~umble down
.......- .....,.... .......-~l ~~"r.r~:q, ~~~·C1.l·~14Q.1·~~~1~m,~1 ~@~1 ~~~l To repent; to feel sorry;
to be full of regretl4.~~~1 ~l:Z'1 (:\~r,:l C\:!)~~l I To be full (after meals) ~~~'~'~I~~q·n.~.-:t~~·~.~·~l
r.J.~~~1 ~:D~l ~~~l ~~~~T ,~ cornpe~ to challenge ~,ql n.~0\~:t:.·~~·7:.11t
To ,wander f:"'JIil plac e to t~'~~~'~~~l~~~op:r~~~;place; to travel widel~
to advance through mon-"astio life" etc.
To journey; to go ~~C'.\·~~l:ll~ql
To rise up; to get up ~~r:q ~,~"q\
To apply a aaae reaaon- ~~'~l:ll~·l:.l··(tt·n..ifq~ ~'~'Q.~.z:l'ing; to adjust one's '"{!.~'~~''''~':l~lsleeping position / ~
l'o~e accompanied by; to ,~~~~~,rr.Jl("~l';~....~~.associate with; to stay ~~~'T..\n.oF':{~~lor go together
77MEANING
To be sUitable; to befitting; to be okey
1'0 be d1miniahed; to ~~n.~l ~\ql :?~~~1decay; to become smarrerto be, reduced
~~~~1 ~~1 ~~~l ~~~l
'"....
R~~~lR~~~l ~~Y:<l ~~t:\'l
'" " ~~l ~~10l1~~~l r;::tll
---- -..r--~~~l~~9Z0t) ~~~~1 (45141~1
-.r- \(~~~)(~~~ I
76 TENSES
PI ~Z::~'F'l] Pr. ~~l l.u'~'~~l Imp. ~~'~,
RSJ~l Q.~1 qSJ~l ~~~l~ c-.., C'\ C'\.
~~~) ~z::JZ\1 ~~z:t") (:\~9~1
r:3,~~1c-.
q~l ~~1Q,~~l
C\
~~3-11Coo.
q~~1q~~~l qz:!jat\
:1
-- " -~ E
L-- , - , - .- ( - l - L - [ ---' L - ,-
.~ - ~
I·
It,.::%;.,;,:/:i,r'i
.1. - 11 1 ]1 J ~ iJ
"-- '1.'"; I ••~ .." "
78 TENSES
...MEANING
79
Pr.~51
'\:%\1
Fu. ~'~~1 Imp. ~nJ-~G']
To strengthen t~e mental ~'3ol~·::",·ql ~:::":..zt\~~~·~1power; to be vIgorous; '~to be active
C\ v-~GJ o:l~'~'~~~'z:;J1
lil~1'J,fl~Gl ~~"r..ll
to ~r::::~~'~J::U~~'~~r::,'J:;I1 ~r:f]''ln.~'"t:l.E.~~·t.ll
'\~~'1:\~"'"Z:l1 t~'I:\,"~'~1f.l,~l:Ij~r~'\~~·~1
To feel tired; to be ~~ntz:~r{QJfl'T..lJ ~~'<it"'.~,weary
~J.lo cry; to weep
'l'o perspIre
To be satisfied; to becontent; to quench
TQ be confirmed; to becertain
To fear; to frighten;suffocate
To sUffocate; to be outof breath; to choke; tobe frightened
~~~l
~~l
~~l
r;~~l
~~c;,
~~~l
,"
'j
'!
II
:),
1,
~o put in order; to put ~·~ltTlJl ~~tfj~{\f,[.m,3J·n..~·qlIn aline; to arrangE ~~'~~~~.ns~'r:::)1properJ.y; to linE: up or .., ~ ;Jto be in a line
T? reward; to aw~rd; togIve a present; to givea prize; to bribe
~-Jlf]l'.r~~-~,\hll ~'~91\'ll'l9r:;'ql ~~.~.
~:I::c.Jn,cll·~~·'l1 ~~'1fJ~9~'lJl
. "-'.':\~
. ,.: . .,-<...".6' ;;:C~1;;-,;':~J/\4~··:i-·:Jt:i~ -. .{..ji::"~.~· "6 '-··:Ve":;.:.-~';-" -,~ "-"::~';'d':L ;f;~j"~:~l~'-)':"': ..;:
MEANING 81
To feel greedy; to crave ~q·~~~~~~lclllil~-q~ar~~~rt.t,
To feel greedy; to crave ~orX-ln..~·;;.q·t,1\JQ~~-qI\~i"Cfl~P:.J1
T? mow; to reap; to cut '~"I~'~'~1 ~~'c.q Gt~'~'~qlw1th a sickle; to harvest
To breathe; to inhal e or ~lfIl~'rae:-"'.J=\~~a-~l c~to sniff I I l·~ I ~'"I
To cause to perspire
To seduce; to deceive
To hunt; to chase wild. animals for killing
To roast barley; to frymeat, etc.
To praise; to eulogize
fa exhaust; to cause tobe weary.
To rest on a pillow; tolean on or to support
To excavate; to starchto find ~ut to discove;a mistake
;~~c:l.~l1J~1~~'~~T@~'~Ifj'~J
~~'~\~'1J~'rif\~l ~'ql
~.:t,~q·ql ~~lfJ~''q~'qJ
.qf,\·~~~·~\r.,1~jfq:~:~~"I.l~OJ··-··~~'~I
~o':P::l~'~'\~1 '\"1t:\~~'U'q~~'~l. \::!.
~~'~'~'£::l~~.~~q, ~·.ql
~'i1f~~"~lfJ'l,J1 ~~···~~~~·ql &:~.~1!T"'I!
~ - If " [ IT " If r [ -
, r; ,
f,
t - - J t J t .:;; I[ :J ~
- l - { ~ it.~ " If t If - J - t J ::; - ~~ [ -" [~
~Ie
,J 1
To <Jedicate one' s V3.rtu€;~~·q·f·.~"·~~OJ·~r.lJ·l:ll ia\'.J} i~'to transfer or mUltiply; ~~?:u:;:~1to make blue<,. \
82 TENSES
-....r-
~PI. ~~~'~l Pro Z:;:~l I·ll. ,~r(.\::::Z:<'1· Imp..~""...j'~
''0....-. -y--
~~,q~~l ~l ~~l
;
! ~';..
~~~~l~~~~l ~~z:t; a.l~~
MEANING
o send a deligate ormessage; to give intructions; to keep asservant
83
C\ .~~q'~,~~·q(.\Ol·Q.~~·OJ~~~·I:.(\Zf\Ul~·G·n.rq-~·q~~r9~~·~lqJO-1~\Q.l ~~l ~~ql Oih.-Ql
jjjI
<N~~1 31S1~1
I
~Y~~l-or-j
~~~1!
.(
"'0 O.../TI or to possess; tohave something in mindor to have knowledge of;to remember
To manifest; to observe; ~~~'qJ ~"'l:ll CJlilC::::l::llto become visible
-v-84 TENSES MEANING
~~185
. 'v--Jmp.~n...r&~P(·C\~~·I:..11 Pr ~rgl ,"u. ~·t:\"~l
',:-
-".- --- ~l£l~l ~Zf]~1To be capable or to be ~~'G' ~G"X.ll
~l:t\~' ~ZfJ~l ~ble; to have ability
To keep in mind; to mem- c.. '
~ZfFll ~~~~1 ~ltl ~~~J~l\l'l.\-~E...Z<I~·~l J::.~~1
orise
9f>~'~~ ~~ ~(~~). C\. "
To urinate .,... ~ ~ 0. -...-zry51 (q1.~~ ~~'~'90 r.t~., ~'q, ~·~·4),z::.·ql
~l zt)~~l ltl~l Q.~~ITo twist; to turn aside ('fiqy~t ~3\~~·Zfl~~·141
"" ~~1 ~~~1 ~l ~-~~~~141 n.t(\~at~·~·qilt1f>~1 To have attachment; tolove
~:O~ ~~ Z\l~Zfl ~~~J To break; to split ~~~:r,:~tlfJ'~1 f~-.ql
%~~1 ~~Zfll q-<)Zfn--v-- To walk; to visit; to ....cfJlfl~l Ct\.q~·Q.,~tq··~1 ~.q~r~ ~"~lrj"
wash a new cloth'~'~~~~\~l........
q~~~l ~~~1 ~-()~l a)~~l To hold; to keep n.~r:q, o..£(C\~l-v- -v- - ~ ~~'()~1 2:f)5~1 ~~~l ~~l
To hew or cut; to decide or~~9f>~~1~q'~l ~iJ{~~ ~~~.a case CfJ,z~g)~~l
%~~1 C\~~l q~~l ~a)z::P~'~J To conceal; to hide ~'~r:~~~~.~, ~~'~1.....-- ....- To ingratiate with praise ~'~'~'O::l~CJ{.~~-d5~'~~~''''f'z::J~C}.l1 ~~(3;11 ~~l ~~~I or spread false rumours;
to conspire f'~.q·J:.l1~~~~C\~'~\i:lq~~~~l~'~q~.q,\~.~q\
%~l ~~I ~~~ ~~~l To make closer; to cause'q~-~~-Gl ~'~,~~qlto meet
~~~1 "' To squash; to squeeze~~\~1 %~l ~:rp;~~l ~"' ~~l:Il'lf}~~~l -.ql
- - - r - ( f r
- - r ~i~ ~, , - ~
~ [ - c - :; E " "f l c_ ~ ~( ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
L
11 c'
~ 1]
J ",
86 TENSES
\ILr\~ING 87
To ride a horse, etc. ~:.y.~, ~.~It\~'~3ik.l\110 squeeze or to press; \~~~'0:~lt).t4' n~~q,to interrogate
To take out; to remove; ~~O)~l~z:.:q, ~~'ql ~~\~~·.q~(1.rto remove problems; to ~~~~~~\give up
To put in; to insert; to ~~~Q,~~·J:.11n~\~\ n.~C1.l·~~~z:.11admi t; to caus e to enter gc.z.z::~E.:tr~D.o.:r::t·Z\r:~\to make or to allow to ~ ~do \'1'0 subdue; to control; i5q~1~~~t41~~~.ra.~~l~,\~:r;to su ojugate; to res- :!\t.1\tl'ain
To tie with rope; tobind
'10 re p?y or to give in ~O\o.'i"'~C\I:.I\~~~·~1~~·z:·~tl\·t4'return' to measure orto, .estimate; to ascertaIn'1'0 make; to vow or to ~~·q1l\a.rq~n:~~·~,take an oath
c--.~10l1~
~~~le..
~~~1
c-.qf>~l
q~l
~,
!f)~l
fll'~'2C~~l Imp·'~~·~~l
~~~1 q~~'\1
~~~1 ~~~lc-.
f.\a)~~1
t4.£ql~~'\,
Pc f\,\~'~1 Pro '\31
Q.cn.:l1 ~~1
To make smaller; tocontract
To draw tightlY; tochannel; to discipline;to control
"'r:
...::j~ .... -,~~".'"-'.~:s~·t.._·_.~\,'!' "'.:.'~*':;,~~.{- ..~ .~J: '·~'-·'-;;AA;'9"'··'i·'*·-'';'-t·~:~ .•·;·::{:~·Gt''=5:;'';'.'" ,,~;,···,k';'.:.:;::,/ ~;.: ~: . " .
. ,,-'" \~"f:"-::~-';':" .....::...~~.:.', .~.: j"d~"" ',-•• ,.- .. "'JI'"
IJ
I
..--88 TENSES MEANING
~\Sq
P!~,\~'~l Pro ~~1 Fu.a'r~~l jmp'~~'~1\
To draw out water; to ~~~·1:;l1 ~·rn3i~g~~l R~l ~l ~~1 'fetch water.....
~~Oil ~t~l To crush with teeth; to ~~-~'\~1 ~r\~lG<;Oi~l "'~~~1 squash or press toe:e ther
g~~~l ~~l " .......~~~.~~-~c:%:In..~"l~·~l~~"l ~~~1 To heap or pile up
.....-- --r-
~rcf~l~Qo.11 R~3:J~l ~Oi~l Tc destroy; to put an (:\~~'ql~~~n.~~l "1:<1~'~
end; to conquer or todefeat; to quel ",~zq-ql
-v-- -...- "'r-
~~~l~~:P~~l ~~r.1.:!1 ~~1 To entrust; to rely on ~~~~.q~~,\",-z:..~~'~~'.Cl ~'ql ~n.~.z:q--- \~~~I ~ - make or manufacture; n..~~·ql ~OjGlt::::J~~1
~~l Toto build
- ," r r 0" " r f- - - , [ r
:J It - It- [,
~, r - - t - - l' - ( ~ It ::: It ::: -f ~ t; - - - Ie ~ - ~ ~~ L ~ -"- Ie t.. - .- ~
[ ,
ff' ".':,
t·,~_~~-~~......·· .'.......,-,-......l;;~.,;I,~.·-....~~.w... ..--~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~i:~S~~ ._ . g_ $" I .' .-.... .' • -. - ~ ;~.:. ,,,; ,,. ;.;': ':; -:.-•• , ••• .,:, 0 : ' .. .:,. : ' ....,:\ ;~. ~~.:~'~" .,;.';Co ::~;.. ,.'. .;.. ·,.'/a· '. '" .I:.. ••..;.:..:..._........~=..~~.'-"'~~ ...
90 TENSES MEANING 9]
FlI.az·~~~l
~~~
a:,41~1
Imp, ~~'~lfl
q;~
Cf:>Zfl~l .
To be broken
To be attached; to restupon; to love; to lust
To be broken off or tobe cut off; to discontinue; to be tired
~JTr\·~~·~~·<E9·~1
~&.1l~rcil~~P.lJ Q.,tP::P'-l\ zqa.~'1..3 l':l..o.:(J\~l n.~3\~1
~'\~·~I:l'\~'rQ.~\ql ~~-a..<l)c..:~1 ~~n,~~"Z.l1
To be out of order,· to ~ -r--be disorderly or to be . ~~'~~~l ~?~~'31t'\q.:;;""a state of confusion
To get in; to be include a~r..-n.~z::·ql ~~'r~·~r·r.I\or admitted .. \Q ~ '\ ~ \
To become under control ,\q~·.z:..·n.9.~l:Il.o.~:z:.,·l:lo..~F~z;,:;qlor to be subdued; to be ~ ~ ~l-able to contain
To come under; to beincluded
To go in between; to be q~~n~~~l~~Jpressed in between ~.~
To be tied or fastened· o..~ql r;l-o..~q·~~E:l·~'n~tl..1·-q1to be unruly , ~ ;/ ~ J) 1-1
To go; to compose
~.
~~l
c..
ao~~1
~zt1~1
~~\
~~\1
~1~~l
0.. C\.~~~1 (~.)
~,1
To be att~ched to; to beai~l:·r~n.~·<i)lf\~·~a·~l:I'(l.,~~·~1frightenea; to contract; C\Z\~l ~~a.rz-ll Ito become small ~
i""'-LI·'""'-;\--;...;.·..............-.-...."-.~~.:.:.~.:'.,:.i...:.:"-'-""·";:;;(;'·' ·~·~-;,p.;··(:(tit.·-',;",;,i:»;. -:,·.~i:l1/:.' ;:~;i:< >:.;'- '-'~:;' ..... ',' .;-j;.... ...' __""--.'.... - ._.... ~., ~_._~;~ .. ""......:......~..:-....-.-- ';w- m"''''t'N''>I?·~~~.••~li~.~~g... ~--
o~.)MBANING
To trust or believe
To promise'
To cling; to be attachedto
To be able to cOJ.1tain; I~'·~ffql ~".ql,to suffice capac1ty of ~
, To express a last wish'; rt"£.:R~.·!l~~1 ~~~n.~.I.{'to deliver onels lastwish to someone
TENSES92
To be permissi bl q tobe allowable
To be cut off; to ucdecided
: J, II
'ro be disorderly; to be in C\'(~.'l:JQ.~.~'~X::~'nw'3ilJ~.-a state of confusion ~zrr~ \j
, I, I
To take refuge or shelte ~q~'~'~Gl n..~qlor to take asylum; to ·gounder protection
'1'0 be; to have
To spread over; to in- m,zp:~, n..?4~·z:1lcrease
! ;
(
tr'. =
c ] ~ -"J
~ ~_
- -
_ ,- -~ -- - ~ ~ -
To dance; to take a walk 0r-l.q't.ll tl..a)3r~CJ;j·g~r.,t,
To be in agreement; to ~become agreeable; to rr ·l..lqor~~·n.a;<J.l·t.ll~·l\~'~1conform; to be ready
T~ be crooked; to be ---- - <:'dIstorted or twisted. "\1'.~ (\~ztr"-ll UJ~"1·%·q·~.~~.~..., '\r:.::. ·Q.:l..I~"P'-ll "";; ~to lose one ' 8 appetite 7--
o be mis~aken; to be ina~·Qn.~·~::V't\,l-~lwrong dl.rection -\ ~
~l
MEANING .....-94 TENSES
~~1 5'
Pt. O-\~'r..t 1 Pro ~~l Fl\'~'~~l Imp. ~l1.1'~~I ~,~~'~l a-1~Z:::'1 o:l'~~'l I ClJ~'~1
'1'0 jump; to leap~'.JI~~q",CJ;j·n.I4~·l;jl~~·~~·n.Z4'q'~1.-- --v- -...r-
'1'0 offer; to worship;~~·.ql ~~o.~Jl:.·Q(~Qr.qf~ql~CE~l ~a;~l 04~~1 CJ-1;¥;~1 to respect or praise;
to. eat q~~·qct~·~ '~l
~ .
'/
IiIj
IiI,"
IIII:I!
I: I
;
i 'L'~; ','~~_~.w~a~pn~'~.'~~,~ffi~U;~~~~ZW~¥~4~kR;~;·~,~r:~~~;&~(f~~~M~1~_'_._k'~'~~~~"~""_,~,~_,~,~,=,,~~,~~~~~~~~~,-,,,-
To listen; to obey
98
Pt. C\~~~l Pr. ~~1
~1
TENSES
Fu. ~'q~~l Imp.,~n.t.~,
~~l ~~'\l»~~l :P~~l
MEANING
i1~~~~~l.Jn..~·3.lJPt·~1~,\'~I
. ~o deteriorate; to grow iiic'Ql n~~l ~"",·r.'lweak; to decline ~ \ ...." ,- ....,"'
99
To wander
To keep; to preserve
i'o be in danger; ::: '
. I
I '
~~1
'9~'\1C\.
~C\l'\1
if1~1
~O-l~l
~l
~1
?;O-{l'\
~~\
i ~"1I ~~\~l
~'1
~nll
~l
I \5"1~~l
~1
;T\~1y-
~~~l
~~~1
~~~l
~~l~J
~l
'?~~ltl~~~l q~"11lJ~",'&\~l
: To lie down; to sleep 31~'ql :9~'ql
To fall apart; to become ~.~_ v-oId or to be ruined '9 ~ CG~~'~I ~'~I~~'(J'~~P
To ~oint; to apply oil ~or o~ntment ~a{' ~~~9'1741~ql
n..~_.'~''1
To go nearer; to become ~close friends etc· to ·;q~~t';ql ~·q·~z:q~·~1 ~-q,,'_"be near ' .J
.......3>a. ~~z:.·q~~J~·fl~({]~·qr
To be spoilt,· to b ~ecome t'11:1.1·"'4'f; l:::'~t.T.
Use I es s ~.;:j.~I \ ..-, ~"z:ll ~G"j%~'"
To become muddy; to be ;:r,.or:unclean or obscure. to ·9~l:.lCG~~r.tt ~·or\·~~·qlfeel dull ' (GOl~..r~rt.l1 \:('
j.
!!'i'j
100 TENSES
MEANING101
........" ........- .....-"~SW\'~I ~,,·~,z;JI ::t.cr~1 ~~..q~~'~~l ~ ~
lfI~~;ql ~~'~1
;~'El~~'~'%41 '\,\'~'W\~l
To become lazy; to become ~·~~·~n,.~·~~·~'t\'l..tlttl'.E1"'n.~~'~1inactive; to be idle or .disinterested
To fall down slowly; to ~·J;lll\f(~~·qn.o.t·~'~1c'ollapse
TO purchase or buy ~ql
To think; to suppose ~~~~I q~~:Wr.l;q~l;J1
To press down ~CJJr.l.:q~:f~l\G~~~ltl'r1'~~:J:.ll
To search or find; to ",~~"Gl ,;f~~I~rq·.qlspy; to wander
To keep or to preserve; '9.,~~~r~,,~~~~·q~Q.l·~Ojql ~a;~to get into; to seek ~~,ttl
To discharge loose matia ;:'Z\.·~·ltl~~l~·~q..~qlor to loosen bowels ~ '9
To lend; to borrow
To reach out; to causeto touch
To lend; to borrow
To insult or to lookdown upon; to dis~e
-.r~~~1
~~l
~ (),] f'"ZfJ?J~~1
t:ll~~~l
~~~1
~1011
~~~l
f~~l
~l~~l
Imp..~~·dr~
§~1(~~~
~l"'y-"
~l
~~1
~~~
~'<bnJl
~~1
Z1~~1
l::l~l
g~~l
~
~~'1:9 .
~~l~
'9~1
~:t:~l~
?)~l
'"zt)~Zf\
~~~l
~~~l
~~\
~~l
~~l
Zfto/fl~1
~~n.l~l
q~C\'\l
q;l:l~;q
Zi~~1
z::]~~1",
Pt. ~l:\~'~l Pro ~31
~q,(~~ §~1
;
i .i
i !
, j!'
; I ~ ,: II( '.1, '
;
I; ;'I, 'I;I!t;III,
!
! !
[ J l =: iL
--102 TENSES MEANING~~l 103
Pc. Q..~~'P~l......--
Imp'~<1J~Pro ~31 Fu. ~·~z::..~l
~~~lC\
~~l ~~1To cause to become old; ~~l ~~~~T~l
"
~~1to cause to wear out ~
q~~~l ~~\ Q¥-'l-.r- To stretch one's legs, i\iz:::q·~zq~·~r.:~l :{"",,·.ql~~~l etc. ' '9
, ~
~~l ~~, q~l " . To procure; to get; to I~ "-': ~~l found I q·J.,ln.31·~~~l"~Jfl~'ql
d !i
~f1~1 ~~ z:J~ ;ltl~l To make" dirty; to cause i~~~'ll~if~"... "¥I"""jI to get Into bad habi ts qn..~'C1J'" "~.lfJ~ql I (Zl'9
:1
I ~~~~1 ~, q~,~Cll~1
To follow ~~~;~,qn.orn,~zq·~1
:1~?>~1 ~~1 ~~~1 ~~l
To tell; to talk; to ~'ql ~~l Cfj90l~~~1, speakI
J q~Gl.~l ~l q~~l ~~l~o reach out; to cause ~~~~~jq·tJl\~·~·~1~z:ll'~1
I to touch
z::\~a: ~l ~~~1 ~~~l f~~lTo equalize '"~~·q~::!l\1:.11
, To wash,
~~r\1~1 ~l"l,l,\ tl~nJl ~~~~~·~'t\·~~·q'~~'\~1" ~~~l&~.q.
j
.:......-
~~1To put to bed; to lay
~~~~I~"f\l'fl\fJ':tqarmnp~1~c;,:iii q~il.l~l ~('..J 1 q~~l out for fermentation. : ~
, '9fIJ q '~nrqleg.to make beer or curd
. ,: .
q~~,C\ ~ e- To pollute; to cause to ~~'~~g'\~J ~'~l. , ~~ ~~~ ~9~1 be impure
~ ~
q~l6, ~o expel; to remove or fl:\t.ll ~:t.:n..,\~·"ll ~~qll\~~'qt
~~~~l ~~l ~~~1 o take out by force; to '"tear or to slash
;1 iI
ii' ,~,:2~,.-,,-~_.~;-,:·..................... . .' . :.,'.'" '., i.. "
, .. _ . ", ". ·......~.~·S·ii'ihH.,.·y::',·-·'··-i-·i·ti{-~'-.g: ~:c-fe,~,:':.)lMiSw·@;.;:_,;.:.'i'."',./:#·'-,;1_· ~,:,:.~h~···,;: ..,"·il~'~' "'-;,;J: .' : - '... ,., ..bl~·'i.c"'··~ ,. '--;il*<~d~~>r'h~"""""' ~j.,' t-' Jh=,.. """",""",""'1.---,~,, ,;;.,,'D · ~~,.""""•. >-....w..-.. """', .:-;.',:,:,-",~""",,,,,,,,"c,~,,,,,, .::;".'"""',-...,;.~
TENSES MEANING 105
~1tl'~~$~~1~~'~I
&:;:~~~I $''-'t·1·~'~(:t3l·{?Jz=·:ql
~~~·~l~~r~n.3l·~~·~l~1tl'~1
Q..~~·~·~~·~Iq\~~Zil'~1 ~Zil'~:r..·?if\~1
To caus e to. be ,haughty z;.'~~~·J.ll'·~n.t·@·~·~3.l~·~1or self-sat1.sfledj to ~cause to become proud
To cau~e to become ill- a'~~',~a'~1a.'qlto be 1.11 '\ \J I
To cause to decrease;to reduce in number
To vomit; to anoint
To frighten; to fear;to cause to be afraidof
To cause to wander;make to roam aoout;wash
To follow
To cause to. be clos e ul;~·~·ll\fz:.:~t9:~'~I::'~1near; to brIng nearer ~ 7\
To forget ltr::..'T-1n..~'~\·~l
'l'o 1 ean on or against l~q·nt·~·l::ll
.rrImp,,~~,~~
~Gl~l
~"~I
q~tll
~~~l
~~11
~~~1
Pro ~51
~~~}
l::\~~~l
q~'\~l
q~~~l
fj;
iI,iII
!
,: ;,
i i, ! ~.
: ;:.;
I !:. I
I :
, L ,..J
~\ 107
~Po be tired
MEANING
To rub; to tan; to tame; ~q·a..t~~~·~lt)~·5~'~~·&l~~.tto crush or grind; to ~~n.~O-1~G~\q!V'·~l\~~·e:r,.J;.~knead q, ~LI.l~·1.l~l.~l "\!>\\ '\)
To be fond 01'; to re happy ~~~·ql ~~n:qlor to be pleased
To listen to; to cause ~~l~~~~'~lto listen
To make a false charge; Qfi·~~~~x.tl~fC1)~~t\l'~lto accuse without basis
To knock down; to dEStroy; n.~·q"'W\~l f;J:;..:l::lop.J·f:z;.·~lto pull down; to beat ~~41
To give rood from mouthto mouth as a motherfeeds her baby; to giveor to feed
1
TiiII
I
IIj--
, I I
lOG TENSES
Pt. ~~~1:.:\1 Pro ~~, FII. o:l fSf:-z::q1 Imp.~(i;J~
qf~l-.r- .....-- "r'
~~\ ~~~, ~~1
~~~, f~l.......
f~~lq~~,
.....-- -..r-
·z::l~~1 ~~~lli~~~l ~~l
CH~~~l a1»~1 31~91 ~>4~1
~~~l ~~a:ll ~~~l 0-l~0-l1
'- " ~}~l........
~)?l~l ~?J~l a-1~~~1
......... "- '-.........
~»~1 d-1~1 ~~l ~~l
~~~l a~~~l O-1J"\l "~~~1
~Ii~
1·1"!
I.,, ,I
I :!; . 1 J.
I', Ii",
, i;, I
109MEANING
To asce:ctain or confirm; ~~·~l ~~.~\to understand
To cause ·to fall down ~".q~~\&.{\ ~,,~n.~~·~l
-r- -.r
To feel hungry ~,\~'~~'l.l\
To smaahin a mortar ~~",,~~·~z:..:ql ~~.t..l\with a pestle
t t b ~~''l.t'ci>Zrl~''Jql ~c....q\To become emp Y; '0 e ? -... .., -- -I'''' .\ ?empty
To entrust or rely on; ~~rlp~~iJrlff~~"l\5\~~ql i,fGlto tell; to fill up Cl-~J;,Z:'rr-ll
To let out blood from a r.:!.~·~:€~·~1 n.~~t.tlvein; to take out blood
1),'0 hew or chop; to cut ~~~~·~tP.,Jo..iJt·~¥·.ql~~~lto pieces
To weave; to grind
............ ......- .....To snap one's fingers ~·~l1.\·lt\~~·~·~·rot",,·lfI~·i\q·~l
To belong or include; [tR~·~·9"91~·r~~ar~~':~1to appertain
To spread over; to strew C\~~·~zt)·~l n.~·~lor to scatter .
I
~.
\
---II
III
TENSESlOS
Pt. (1.,~{~'P4 \ Pro '\3' FlI'~'?\~~l Imp'~04'~9
5Zfl~)v--
§9~1 §Z\1~1~~~1
.~~\ ~~" ~~'l ~t:::l
'J~Zfl~~l rgzrn ~~n f1~1
~~~\ ~~l '~~l ~~~1
~~l ~~'1 ~'1 f'~l
'!70i~1 Zfl~~l It\,~1 ~~~~\ ~~~l
9'~~\ ~?~\ ~~l ~S~~l
~3q~1 n,&I::\1 ~l::11 ~~~,
-v-- -v-
zt)f~~§~l ~~l 9?9...........
9?9~1 ~59~1 9~9~1 ~?z:t"\~l
....--~~~1 Z:~'f§~l 9~~1~7~~
:::l?~~l \\~lf11 z::l?'91 ~~~l (~~~~{;
I: I:.:1
I,
, ,, '
~ ,II •I '
,7
\~. .
i:;"~~ :.;·..-'·-·........·... :......__.~·--..... .........._~.I~.... l"""·"" .' ·S',t··.. ;: "'"'j.." •• "".1~, .
110 TENSES \ MEANING 111
Pt. ~~~.~] Pro ~~l
q7~~1 t"\~~~1
Fu. Or~~, Imp·,~~·~~l
It"\,\zq~l ~~~1 : I
jTo name; to pu t on or to ~,n.~lflNz,Jl ~~~n.~~·GI rtli]'wear ornar.:ents; to hang (l,~9~'H-1.lor suspend from; to make \a false accusation
To despatch or send
To gi ve a res-ponsi bili ty ~'\·~C\~'~"l'\~·r.z.~C'l.l·l:ll"l'\~~.qI~31~~'t.llor to entrust a duty; to \aim; to concentrnt c orto imagine
TO,causc to drip or tolet tall in drops
To spreaci. ~ rna ts, ~tc.; to ~\~·n;~z::.:ql31r.:Zll~·I'l.\c...·Gl n..~.~..lay down .lOundatlons; to rtl\J:.:Gl 1'1plan ' I
To make overcast; to pile ~~'Zfl'~l n.~l::l~·~9·~1up or crowd together
To touch; to cause tocome into contact; toTeach the climax of anappointed time; to filea case against
..'
.1,':,
To drink; to drink tea, n.~r-:ql E.:.d5"·~9~'~,,·.qlbeer, etc.
..\,;.lib ',e -, __~,~"'-""'_"""_~~ ••_.~ t'A-·· , .....~_...:.. -
i '
I :II
I!
I I, iI I
IIi 'III !t 1I I
LI, ", 1
;I!i
1'1, iI '
I; j
1L: TENSES MEANING~1 113
Pt,C":\~~'~\ Pro ';:51 FII'~'q;~~l Imp'~04'~l~ :
~~1 <'\~~\ ~~~lTo bow in greeting; to s~·J:t~ar~~·ct.~n,p~1 ~~.~~".
~~Z~J respect; to salute ~I::\x'/\ ~\~l
~~,t~10\l &q1 ~~~l ~qlTo enable; to make able ~C\'C4~\~1 ~q\J·~~ltl·x..)l
q~l ~~~~l ~~~~I ~~~1To wrap in; to COVE;r ~lff~~~'~l 1f\~l(rq1
z::t~f'--l \ (J,~~l ~~C1-l1 ~nJ~lTo subdue; to subjugatej tt.~Cl.\·1:\1 a..~~·q,,·~ql f4~'~~~G:l\to bring under control; ~~~1~~~1 .to tame or make useful
~~~I ~~l ~l ~lTo group; to collect; to ~\q\ ~~~~r..~l~"~I ~'~lpick up .
"- ... , " "- To raise up; to lift ~t:.:ql n.~~~·G\~r>..\'q\C1,e...n.l'l;l\q9~' (\\9~1(n.,~~) ~~~ n.\~~l up; to offer; w weigh
or measure
l':]~4\~1 ~1f~,,--
q~~11To pluck up; to pullout {f~~'~l 0~~'Z\9~'~1q?lI) to detach
.....--
zr"9~\1 95'\1To introduce a new cus tom' ~C\l·~9\~'~'n,~~~·z.tJC14a.r~~·~\~1
Zl.ff\l-...r--
~?~1 to found or set up a 'new rule
-.r- -.,-- "'v-' .....,--. To take or bring outi to ~~~\ ~~-a.~~1l:l?~\ (\~~l Zf\~~' n,~~~"
expel or turn out
l::i;-"O-l z::: \ ' ~"§~l z:::\§n:tl 11l~~~1To pier?ej to pri?k! t.o ('l.,~Ql~ql ~~,\~·~~,r~:r~~i~l
, \asc ertaln; to famllIaIlS ~~~. zrq\ aq~~X-t1 '3>or acquaint; to fOlZld SOll 'l'utions or methods
{ <T :' t ~ .£ ,r
l - - \l_ -, - c
T
To examiz:.e; to interrogate~~zq'~1\~'\''''l,\g~~1 XCll"t.l1to exp€r~ment -, . ?
To trust; to have fai t}). ~~~~l ~~~~·~,\l.l1
To cause to be. in hurry ~~r~l::r~~~l ~~~crl~·~In.~~~·~1or to hurry; to cause 'to be afraid of; toapprehend
. ;
~,
114 TENSES
Pt. ~~t0\'~1 pr'~~l FIl.or~~l Imp.~O-l'%"~
G~9~1 ~~ ~59 ~~~l
~~C\\1 ~~1 q~~$"J ~~1q~~~, ~~1 qJ>~1 ~q~,
?
MEANING
~1 115
iI -I
Ii
I:I !It[\tilI :j
II"'Ii :1
-III:
q~~l ~~1 qfn,l ; 011 To cause to grow up; to ~~'14~~\~1n.zt~·li~'~\ ~n.~·!tl:\"llincrease or enlarge
~~'\1 ~~l ~C\l ~~~1To try hard; to make ~·qnc3{'qf~·n,~~·~~·~l~~~lconstant effort
~1~~1 ~~l Zi:tjo:tl ~(14~1 To blunder; to cause to il""~·,,,·~·~;qr..·if~~·~l"~·l.ll~r..,become blunt; to cause (\~I ?to become foolish
~~~~1 ~q1...
~~\l To base on; to depend l7..~·J:lQ.or~~n.~Cl..\·~f l;lt~'I.ln..~····~~~1 on; to rest upon ~~ 141 ~~. I~
~1 qr~ ~~1 To tie; to fasten with ~~~I n..~~·1f'fi~l .~~~1 pegs-- ~~l qf~l :r?i1Cl To pierce; to penetrate ~~rff4.·~·al~~'l't,~ql~·~n.~·~"'9~~1~~~\ 5 I or hollow out; to prick ~~~'~l ~~~·~·~ztC\~·~G·t.J-l\··holes; to arrive or to @,t\~reach a place or one'sdestination
r~l:l1 (~q') '" To fold up; to~5~~1 q~~l ~l:llNl (~l:l~r) fold 9~·r~~~'1:q·r..tl-I Clothes etc, .
117MEANING
To give; to give andtake
To praci tse or to take ~~$n.~C\.,l·ql~~·~·~l ~~''I.l'action; to arrange or ~~~~ ~,.~
to line up; to put all;to clean
116 TENSES
Pt. ~Z\~'~1 pr.~~, Fu. ~·~z::.~1 Imp.~~~~
q~~~l ~~, h\5~' ~04~1·.i~
~t-v-
z::t5~1 ~, q~, ~~,
~~l\l ~~l q5~1 ~~1
-.r-
~5~' ~'\1?::l5~~' ~~\.....,-- ......-
Z:P5.q~1 5~\ Q~.qi ~q~1
q~~,\, 5~1 z::l~~l ~~~l:i •
iI
II
IiIIi ~
iIiI '
I ~fIi,j .
i
!
(
l
To offer; to worship; to o..~fl..\·G1 iH~z:::-q) ~.:n;q.E:(frl;llcause to collapse \ \ V~,
To absorb or to cause n.~~'o..E~·~Q..ar~'J41to merge ~ ~'I ,
To '-ake or have a rest 1::.P.-l·~~l:ll
To take or have a rest; "f\.\"9~Gl \nr~~'~~~'GlZl)~~'qlto stay restfully; tocause to situate
To thicken" to makethicker '
J.. "'
,t
..~ [
.. c..E
- - .. tL ~ -, ~ it- 'c ~
C\ 0-.
z::l{:1~~1 ~z:;n? I
Co.
~1q5a.l~1
~~~~1C\.
~~1C'\
~~~~1
~Z4)~1 ·~9
[ if [ " tl
, I" J
; ,!!
119
"" ...~,\Gl ~,ql
~~~'~~~1 ~~·q~9~·GI
~~~~'~l ~f,\·ql:!.~~·~~1
MEANING
To destroy; to crush
To p~ece or to. jo.in; to o.t~!t,~",~z;.~~"·Q.~.cn·~1bow 1n ~reeting ,\~ ~\~ ~l
~~ ~~~~f~ with; 'to caus ~&C\·t.t'~1\~1 ~~C\'ql
To accompany or to keep Q·a.P:;:1;,.·qJ~ll1'if~" v-as ateacher, etc.; to l'1.l \1, lfI~'!!>"·t.1In.~cq~·l.{1cause to be together
To praise; to expressone's admiration
To help; to benefit
To give
'ro shorten; to near or ~,.:<\·~~c;.·.ql~~~qlto draw near ~ \)
.".- .'
~~~,
f'~lJ~1 (q~.)
~
~:JZ~1
Imp.&<"1,}-~\
~~l
~~1
q~~~
"~~~1
Fu.or~~l
~~·l
~~l
q~CJ})
~~~l
q~~l
Q¥'lqf~l
~~1
.......
~~\-v--~l:~1
~~1 Cf\')
f~
TENSES
Pro ~~1
~~\
~~1
~~l
~~1
~~~1
~\,
~~~~1
~~~~l
G~",~1
q~~l
G~l.....-
;q~~~1
118
, "
': flI;
~.. '."" .. ~:'.~ -."jL' ;,..-...
121
~~'1i~~~~f~~l
~q=\~~"4·ql ~53~~~~'~1
C\·~~~·e..t·~q·Ql
~~ql ~~~tf[z.tl ~~·z.tl
MEANING
To cause to involve; to 1~~~r.t.~~·:3n.o:t·Ffl.;.~~~~~icause to interfere
To be covered
To cross a limitation;to pass beyond
I C\ .
To lock togeth~r or to 'lo.:!.I":C\~·~IQ·t:tl~~~Gn..orn..a~~·
embrace; to stlck fast ~. ~~1or to cling; to scold ,I ~
I
To be freed or liberate? ~~·qC\ar~l'1:r~r:p.,q a.~·qlto get tr:rough; to cro~8,
a bar
To meet; to touch; toreach
To be able; to be capable of
10 be fumigated; to betamed
To lEak in through
~[o be cloudy or gloomy ~'f'\~~'~lM~n.p=t~~~·ql
To merge into ~~~~~'r.:j'
To coIL ect; to pick up; ~~~~,\-q~ar~~·~a1;~r;.:n~~V:tlto collect wood for fuel
. ), j
I
jI
t (;~ < " [
, r C [ - [,r [ - - ~
\. /- t 'LL ~ - '- ~ ~
120 TENSES
PI ~~~~1 Pr.~~l Fu. ~'~l::\~l Imp..~~·~~l
El~~l o..Eta.l~l f.\~~l ~O-l"ll
lj~~l El~l ~~l E1~~1
~0-l1 Q~Cll~l Q.£tC41 ~~~1
~lC\ C\ ~,
n-~l::l~l Q,~~l ~~~1
C\ C\
~~1 ~~l~Oil q~~~l
~l ~l ~1 ~1
~~1 f\~Cfl~J ~~ ~~11
~~l ~~1 ,~~1 ,S~'-.:>
·~ql ~ql ~Z11 ~~1
·~O-ll ~~J ~~l ~a~~r
-~~1 ~~~l \~r.(ll &~~l'\ " ~l ~~l~1 ~~l
i :; ~.
· ,,.
i
I· II: il
: :,'; !I
"· .,
i
'.I II
[
123MEANING
To reveal; to come out- ~"Z:\no.t·~~ql ~.~~~.~ward; to confess ~~~J
To bear or endure; tolift; to have a trip;to be floated
To obtain; to get
To hold in one'a hand
To pUll; to draw; to ~~·~Il\~·~C\r.tln..~~~l ~~'T41delay; to reduc e; to lS'\.··'l'Gln.~~tllt;:~9J,.ql if\,X4'~~"derogate iJ:'q "3 -.\
To be fallen in the hands ~'q~'CU1"q'ql ~0\n.i1~·E.\1 ~nr~~z:rof or in traps; to fall q' ~~~1sick; to be accurate or 1 "required answers; .to behit at marks
To be bewildered; [;0 be iif~~·&.:ll a.l~~·.qlconfused; to be puzzled
To be separated; to be rr~ql .$.~.:t..:'~qlscattered . .
To be completed; to befilled; to be careful
: j
I.I
1I
. I,. I
I
III
I
: ]
EtOJ~l
~~l
~~~l-v-
~~~1
~~~l
~~~l
"v- 4.
.E]~~1
.....-..El~~l
~Et~
ifZf]
~~1
~l
'-\~l
Fu. 3-l'~ZZ~l Imp. ~r.1.{·~~1
....
~~~l
. TENSES
Pro ~~l
a~
- -v--Z!Zf\~\ RElztl~l
~1 ~~~1ijGl ~l"'V-
~~~l~~\
~i ~~1"V
(:\~C1.1~1.Ei(].llI, :
i: .I Ii I! 1'1 '. , .
ij
I: ;I,
I:;! i
To be delightful; to be ~'\nt~c'~l~~"X.l~·~~·~l,pleasant & agreeable \
'.12
{.\E(~q, t:..,r:!l"nt'('UIG"l:.Jl
~'~'rq~z:r~-O-~'~l
MEANING
To hear; to listen
To j~1n or to add on; to ~l{r~r~ltJ~F4&.r::·~1~·rRf.l\·l:.Jlcontlnue or to carry on; .\ ~
to be carried . ~~r.t~~~~l
To agree. to be ir: agree- t4'\3{&OiJ:.tt ~orq\ ~~"~,\~.:xment; to become slmilar
To see; to appear in the 1atE:z:-:r:t1~Z::l:l1 a.l"("<rr.tl ~~~.r.t\eyes of; to comprehend ~ , \9
To be included
To fight. to struggle
To be permisstble; to be ~tf)'~J ;f;ltl·t.:l~~"Q~~'~lright 'h
., . J, ••'~~'-" " .
..... '-...·ril .......·:_~!··;,,;.,.!·cb.;,;e;;L,.,.I:.,-!_,,·rts),;4_w&i';';':"' ... J .". ,'.". .-', ",", .....'
." ·.;~"~'#'···~(·%V.4·9",~~,,!~~,'¥·~g~'~~~~;;~k~'~ "F~'-{~:"~~.~~~··~~'~.'-'_~~~f·¥~': ,~:,~~~!:S~~,,~,·t~·~~,.~,,~.~~'~'~~~.~-~,", .
i.: ITENSES .,', i124
, I
v-Imp.,~t'l.l'~ ,1Pt. ,-\~~-ql Pro ~~l FU'di'~~~l
{"~, I E~l -- "V--
E~l El~l. -.,
~~~l ~~~l ~~l ~~'\l
?1·1~~1 ~~l CJl~~l ~~~1
~~~'l ~~~'l-v-
~~~-l~El~l
(j\~~l ~~~1 ~~~l ~El'\l
f.\~q~l Q.El z::tl C'\E\Zil f.\~z::J~1
~~l ~~l ~l ~~l
~~~1\~~) ~~ ~~1 ~~,~ :J
~:
>. ,;j
, 11, i
,; :
'\Ifl
:I.'I'
',',' ;i j: I,
i
: i
- :: - , { (" - I - [ - t - [ -~ ::: f ~ " f -
[ E_ - - - - -
~ ~ ~ / ~ ~ L - / -' ~ ~
~
h fit
126 lENSES i MEANING
~I 127
Pt.c:l...\~·~l Pro ~~1 .Fu·~~r;~l Imp~~'~lfj
I n,o;;"l!,~ To be clean; to become ttlt~·Ol·~ZfJ~·~ll'<\~r..:~~·(J,&~·ql
~~ ~'\Zf\ RI\~l (~~9~) J{ pure(
I.;
~~~1 ~~~1.' To be clear; to become ~a.l·~r::.~'~l ~~(l.r~·~~ql~r:::,~1 ~~\ clear; to awake to
~~1 ~\l ~~1 ~~1To have fa! th or inte,rert . "in; to long for ~~·~t:.'~r:..~l '\"·l.l·~·~1
~~~1 ~~1 '\~l ~~~1To become popular or to
(:l.~~tTJ·~~·~ O-~l\rql mq'~lbecome common; to spread• >, out; to be increased. ,: ~; ~~, ~~~l\1 C'\~~1 ~~'\1
To be free from other 31ZN~l ~nri:f,n.~,,~qo..~·nr'~:;-t.Hworks; to be slow ~ ~ ~ ~ .
~l:\~\ ~~~1(~~n.l1 To spread over; to ben.l·~l:.·lfJ "l:l~·~~·~.~~l
~~~\ ~\~,Co
absorbed; to smudge 0{1~~'~1 ~ll'~~l ~e!j-i·n.,\r1l'~1
~~\ ~~~1 ~~1 ,~~1To hang down; to bend
~1:\~·r.11 ~~ll'ft..11down; to be suspendedfrom
I
~~l ~q~~1~Y ~q\\~~V ~~K\1~~PPo be fatigued; to be r::.~'q, "\'Tl~l\t~'~lfJ'l;l)i: tired, ,
I;!
~~~1 ~::1\\ ~~l ~~~lTo keep a dead body; to
~·t\(ll]·~l~'~~~~~'~1 :1':11bury; to eati I To become peaceful; to ~q'~ll]~'l,JIl\q:l\'~~~1 ~~~r~\-
~~~1 ~~1 ~~1 ~~~1: ( tamed or made peaceful~~'~I " \5minded; to sober
'" -- ~~"R~~~l
To go; to send a persrn ......... -or
~~~. ~.~~" ~~'~l ~?~1::li'\Q.l·~~·~.lil·~1
l·:,·.",:.~:..,·:-:.::·,_,~.j~~~·-·~, --.-- ~.:'-"- ..;,: .. '-----'--., _.' -~~1....- -- - ---' r.,·!"jt\.·;·~..............:..... *;,..,- .. &;j; ..
- Ii
:~i
I129
,,; c\'~x.:~3jqn..Ol·~~ql
~~ql tr,Gl ~~ql
MEANING
ro come out
To jut out
To recover from illness; l~aJ~'1j'~l EqiJit..11to be?~me better ITo draw or to pull; to 1~~'n-~'\~1 n.~~9 r;.i1lll1~a;r.jl ~-
_conduct or l~ad a grouPn.h-ql;:rq-r411flJ::a.·(l..~3.·ql I'i'\q~'A~'rof soldiers ~n war; to l ~I ~- '"I '~I " ~
lead or guide; to invite n.S.~~1to derogate
To scratch; to rub wi th ~~~~~~~q,a:r~L:l1~\~'\~~,~1the finger nails or to ~~&:..u::t,orn..=\'\~lrub
To remember, to recollect~~~~~l~~'~~~l~~x.:~"~·&:.!1to think of; to ponder I
To cau~ to be shamelesS~~oS~~]~·t.:lQ.~·3i~J:.t~~~~l:l\n.p~:r,:to do with out; t? breaf~I.11~'l\OiC\~'~~'~'-'~1or violate a prom~se or\,a law
I
To throw; to give up;·to cast aside
To go
'.
To doubt; to be uncertain~a'~iJf~'~~~·~'P·~·~ql C'\~cq~'~1to be afraid of
, { < " c (:
[" ~ f - l
-,Ii L { ~- '< c.
" [ - l -"" - , [ ~ ~-
~
~ - ~ - ~ - ~
128 TENSES--Fu. a4·?(x::..~1
c\,
PI. Q,~~"l:.11 Pro '\51 Imp. ~~'a5~I
~~l....,....
~Zil~l-.r-
~9~1 ~1tl~1
~r;:l q\~~l ~~~'1 ~~~l
~~l i\~l-v-- -.r-
~~l \~1
?\~~l....- ~ ~
~~1 ~~l ~~~1--.-. ...-
i\~1 --I:f~1 K\~1 p~~~\
~~ s,lt\ ~9 s.~
~S~l...,.-
"""I\l\~1 ~~1 ~f\~l~~~1"'"'I
. i~ ;
"..
I ,, ,, I;
I'
: ,!
,I:;
'-\ '2.
131
. . ~. ~;q~~r.r,~,qr.l,iJ.ll ,~,,,\\..·~~·a.tl 4lQ9'
. ~·~~n.rz:lJ n~(\J'Cll
1""''%';<>1 ;q",~~,,\<> ~f:,-.:."i""·ar
~lQ'Zl ~CJ.ptP! 3iq 1
~~ot'~l 3i~'9~ql ~'fl'if~''41
To become a hole; toCome out forcefully;to leak or leak out
MEANING
. '\To be self-satisfied; to 11~~~'T4\ f1~~'~~'q1be haughty; to pride .
To slip off; to miss '1il\~·~·l':I,~\~a..~·'(~·~q~·n,~'~lone's footing ! Y \
To come or arrive as a~:J:.:'f.."i:f~Z:1n,Ol·i<ll:l~·~l~~C\'l'2.~.z:::r~'"guest i~q~p.m,Ool'~'l:ll
To crumble; to collapse :~Z:::~·~·&:.:l·~~~1or to cave in
To dig a hole or ditch;to dig
To stitch; to sew; toheal a wound
To drag; to push a penisin; to harm a wanan's private part by pushing in
To cut a piece of cloth I'itf~·~·.q~~·~~t::l·~lfor stitching
To deceive; to delude :o.tZff~,~~ql ~.ql n.~~~l
To be rolled along; tobe rolled down; to be
. stuck
~~1'-\
~~~lc-..
~rl-l~1
~ql
~\
~~~1"-
~:f\
ru, O-l'~\~l
~l
~,
TENSES
~
~~~l
~~l
q~'l
~1
Pr'~~l
~~~l
~~1
"~Zi\~l
"~~l~~l
130
! (
133
_. C\ ......
l'4t::.:Gl cll~·~".ql
~'~~~~1 ~rz'9'~'\~1
MEANING
To own or belong; topreserve
Po be left; to remain ~~:ql . ~~·e.tlbehind
To po~r; to put' in 1~Itl·ql ar~n.~&:rJ-r:.tl
!...... C\To go back; to be re1lrrn-'nt~·t..tl ~~~·J:.1led
To burst out; to bubble !{\q·~~·~~·~ql~~~~·~~c.Jl
To get up; to rise from ~~ql ~~ql
~Po open widely; t~. open rz;r~~q\ Cf),\"l::Il&O)<l)~~~~:q·~···mouth; to cure a Ql.seas ~~ql
To t?i ve an advic e; to ~~I:l:.g'~~Z:;:~' n..i\o:t~rqladV1S€
To become blind
To torment; to cause to ~~~l:l.' ~~~~lsUffer; to harm
To r~is e something for "\~~-l.t"~·~1t\·~~1 "{2,~qn.~"
hi tting; to raise a ~~E;.~'ql ~~~.~~~~~.~w~apon
to hate; to fill withwrath
Imp. ~nr£:)"~
i\~l~~~l
~~1
~~~l"v
~~~1
~~1
~~l
~~~~l
-....r-
8~~~1
~~~~r
"~~z::.~l
TENSES132
...........-Pt. ~~~~l Pro ~51 Fu. arf':\~~l
.....,.... .....-~~1~~l ~~l
~~~l ~c:,:l ~~l
~~1 ~~1 ~~1
~Zi\~1 ~~ ~9-- ~lfl -~~~1 ~~
~~l......-
~~1~~l
~~~1 ~~l ~~l
~~~~l ~'\Z\1 9~1--ZfJ~al~J (:\~~~1 ~~~1
: ' iii, i. I i
, ,
£0
g-o [~
t0
f - ~ ~ t - t :;- (,,
~~ ~
\. - ~~
[ t ~
'- - .- c~
t -~ .~
-,
._o...-,-~;""""""""",,-- _~~.,
134 TENSES MEANING 135
~~~q~311{C\~~11<J~~~·~ql Ft'~~q·~·~~·3.1r:.: ,:rn.a;~·~1
t:\~m~'tll Ci>"-l~~~~'qlTo spread over or to;;icatter
To sharpen a knife; tosharpen; to rub
To drive; to chase
......~IO increase; to spread @,~'~1 ~~-qC1.,~"·~rl.l·q1Widely
To clap; to strike toge a(tJ'~q'11 ~'r4'i\r::P:~l ~'~q'~1ther sharply; to slam orbang a door, etc.
To burn incense or to ~~'z:r~Zfl'qlfumigate
To bend down a bow wi th 9~~~z:r~·~~r\·~~'f\~~~~n.~1an arrow by pUlling the q~~~lstrin£" \)
.... ...........--" ........'To choos~; to select; n..\~·ql n..~(}{~Zf)~~qp,~\at~J\~lto elect
To prove a. statemen.; by !q~q~~Ql\,qn..31,q~~,,\~,\I.'lJ~.q~interrogating whether. ill\~~qo.~'~~~·ql fi~'q,\~.~.C\~Itl'.''t is true or false' ~ol . ~~ake clean by sweepf.nF;; qra.~·"'I~<q(l:{·&.'l Zl'Jijq'~l Z.c1iJ.t·~it.l11\~1to grind I
To give awa.y weal th; to !a;-~~n.rr;r~·~l\:.qQPl'~"l.ll,!!qXi'~4'~cause to spread over or 1q,~.q~.q::f\~"~Cl.~'n.~3J~.qlcover up
~~l
g~lf1~l
~~~l
~~
Imp. ,~~%~
"~\C34~)
l:l~:1\~1
FlI'~'~~~l
G\~l (It\~a;jP
~~~l
q~ qi\\~~l (~t:{) q~ql
.......
~~~l ~r:::rl
Zi~~l ~~l
~r;1(~~1) ~~Z;l
Pro ~1;1
c;~~l
q~~l
~~~1
q~~~l
~~~~1
Pt. ~~~·r..ll
qz::.~~J
l,~~~.p
~~~'\l
I
,•
• ~ !
I ~";
· ;";
· ," ~ ,
~ I
t ;: r I: t" !
To stay; to s~ttle dom:; It\~~·J:.l1 ~~L11 ,,\q,to dwe~ to l~ve; to Slton
To cause to collapse or ~~·ql ~a;~~~r;:~~~qlto cause to cave in
To conquer; to defeat :n.J(~~ a~~1:\q:r.:r:l..~~.p·ll
To beat a drum; to beat l~:~~'~l~d\~~q-~ n..~~'t.Ilor hit'; to dance; to makei
To wave one I shand; to ~::r~zttiQq·ql~~~~~1cause to subdue n.e:::iJ.\~·~·~1l1·~1
To hit; to beat ~,.t:\' ~ZJ.~1
To make a hole; to reveal ~q~~~q~l(~qllt\~~Q~~a secret; to cause to ~9'l:l1 n.~~~n,E.,.~~1become disorderly ~ "
137
-- '- /E!..:r-:Gn.~·~q·141 ~r:.:~~~c.z'4~-
~'~9~~'~~1 ="~l :q~ql
~~~"(zt'\~l f~'~~~1
~:.c.:~1 ~~J:.ll
~IEANING
To chew; to chew cud orto ruminate
To repeat; to do again
To move; to shake; toeat; to chew
To sunbathe; to warm atfire
To lick
136 TENSES
Pl.~\~'~' Pro ~~l fu. ~Pf:..~1 Imp.,~r.>..l'~~
~~~lC\
~~1£\
~~l ~~"'11
~11l~\ ~~ ~~z:tl ~~~l
~s~~J ~~l ~~~l ~~~1~
q~~~l ~n:tl g~~l ~~~l" " " "~~lt)~l ~~ ~~Zfl ~~l
~~~~\-v-- -v- 'r-
~~1 g~f\ll ~~~l
l:i~Zfl~l 'i\tt1 ~~~ ~Zfl~l
~~~1 ~~l ~~~1 ~~l
~~~~l ~ql 11~91 ~ql
9~9~1 "~9 hl~zt)
"-~z:tl~I
..... " " "q~~] ~1 ~~\ ~~l
l:l~~l ~,1'v"""'
q~~l ~~l'!, ;
" iii
> - t, ~
~ " Ii " (, , I; r - i- -
IC t-o l l ~ CJ - ~ "- / "~ ~
lj
st-';" . ':NeaU·Sk"+l'
To gi V& up €vil conducts ~.W\~,.q\}~·J:.tQ:if~31-qr:l..~···?r to c~ose the ~(lors.of n.ilfCfl·"t1 ~~.~."t\ rrtr'~·~I.~~qlImrnorallty; to bInd wlth ~..~ ~a law; to con~rol one'stalking; to protect
138 TENSES---L'
Pr. ~~~'~l Pro '\51 Fll'~'~~~l Imp. ~~'as~".1
.......-: H q~3-1~l ~~l ~~~l ~~1. ~~ \,.
MEANING139
~~~·~(',r~Cfl·I..\"o.rn..~N·~l ~,<J:t~~~¥~lQ.~·~q~\·t-Il~.~-g~...
~~~~~~,~.~, ~l\'~1
To add up; to combine
To accompany; to associate with
To roll up or to foldup; to make reedy
To combine; to associatewith; to j 0 in; to faste n
To cau~e to :ornpare; to n..~~G\ ~~'~l ~';;1,qlhave dlScusslons on a ~ ~SUbject
To collect; to bring t . ~~z.tn.~~~':frz.t! ~"z.tln.~Ifl~~~·"gethe'!'; to gather; to ~~~I ~E~r~\L((\ar(~~·L.l."1"'41conclude ~ ~
'1'0 make one agree; to ~~3\~g~~l~~~·q\~~'g~~,bring to an agreement;to cause to conciliate
To bind; to tie up"'~~~} ~~1:
C\
~~~}
~Q.ll ~~~l~,
~~1 9~~1~ \\."
~~, ~l
'" --..~ql ~~~1
-...r-
~~~~l!\
~~l ~~Z::1
~~1~
~~~1
;.;
: )i: '
~\ 141
~\,'1:l1 ~'G~rn.\~l11~lfF\~'''~~"l::ll,
-- .............. .....,,'~9~ql n.~'"I:.;Ii "q~C\.ql ~n,~~
~\~l
~"(~·T4n.~~~·~1 ~~'C41
a' ..... ...--: ."
MEANiNG
To be well acquainted ~~:'ro.~·~'Cll~4~~1~~.~t:.:wi th; to be kno!"n; to n.SF.·q) e:t.S\If\~''r..l!be used to; to De aaso- ~
ciatedwith
To be mix ed; to bl end a.;~O\~~-~?Ja:l·~n.~'~l~~n..~I:l)O:together; to go together qn..or~Wl:Jl '
To wince; to be surpri- R~~~'~z::Il ~·l:.11sed by fear;
To risk; to swear; tovalue at; to harm
~:o shivel'; to trembleusually with cold orfear; to shudder
To desire; to wishearnestly; to want; toexpect
To be, assembled; to betogether
T6 de~tre or to want;to wish
Imp.&~~'9
~lR,\~1
TENSES
. - .. """C".'j/llisrYU&"r!S(~·: ·ij·,/;,"·''''tIi..>~~···:''_·-:·'I..-, ,._ .. ,....... '..
('\~~1(~~) ~~1(~)
(\~~1 ~~1
140
jIi
Ij,ji
i.· ..~ :I:' ,i
j '! 'Ii.! . , :1 i
i I: : '·1,' , II j I
\:,\ , !i' ii' .
i-I· '! I ::
I
I ,I 'I
ill
~.;'.
~; ,
~i~J~~~' '-''. :M'11
- , - rC t. - - t, - ~ - - "- ---
143
~~·~~qo,p,r~~-.q::r,·n..~:t;,·ql d\q'
af.x,:~~q\
......l\.:I~~l
~~~~'~~l n.Gnrn,qOol·~-e.tl
MEANING
To become shorter orlonger in time; to become powder
To be able
To take or to accept
To be spongy or to beelastic; to cushion
To tumble down; to ruin l~qC':l..~·§:t:.:q, (\~'~1
To become dirty or dUll; ~~~::l\~:{,:l::\C\~~~{"~r~~lto be faded ~~Cf\~l
To com~i t an offence; to ~~l a::t..:nmnr@~~lmake mlstakes
To become ill; to fall <>iq\ iJ\a;·~c::..·ql
sick
To suck a nipple or to &.·caf<'\B'G\.a·aro..~q,be fed with a mother's ~ ~ ~I1Iilk
To retreat; to wi thdraw ~~\~l ~~·n..i10\J:.l1
'}Io dicline; tc merge; to e:t..~·'1:.,11 o.~·J;,tlsink down
,~~,
~~1"C\~~l
~~~1-v-
~G(~l
~~1
~~l~~l........
C\~\
~ltl
~l
TENSES
~~l.......
~C\1........
,\~l
~~1
~
~~-1
~1
·~l
,~~1
~~1
i?l~l\j
Pro ~~1
~~l
"~~I
~~~l'0
,~~1
'"C\~~l
~~~l
"~:;~\--..r-
C\z:tl"ll
144TENSES MEANING
.....-~, 145
To. be under con"trol; to ~~'Z::;~~1~q~~l ~.bring under control; to Co. ~be subdued by a splendid ~~~~1 ~zq-Z1~r\f'~~CJlql ~'"f~'manner; to be inebriated ~~l'"'a-Q\with great misery; to be IIdeeply indebted
- - , [,
;:. -
'-- i [ - t
'- r:- ~ '- - c C -'
~~n.~a.~·~~·~-~~1·~\-&J1
(\~·1.Jl ~'\~1 ~~I
To get satisfaction orto be satisfied; to bepossible; to enjoy; toanoint
To be exchanged; to beadjusted by exchanging
To receive; to obtain; f\~l::rQl ~a.·r..t1 ~~~{~~lto obtain or accept re- -, ~ -\\ligious obligations
To be visible or to come ~l ~~~~~I ~~lin view of; to appear;to come into sight
To do; to give; .to grant ~(~~,:qC\ClfW\~\~~l(}~~Glor to permit
To sit; to situate; to 'q ~lirl"~'~~<\iJr~~-a'fz::.·-··"have; to cost or value 1 .,
To be mistaken; to be in ~nf~J a;,n.~~·~F<·qlerror; to be confused ~
-.r- -- -v- .........-
~~\ C\~1 ~~1 ~~~l
a:~~1 3\~\-r- v--
C\~l C\~~l
"'y- -v-- -v- -v--
~~1 '\~1 ~~l ~~1
~Z::;l ~~l ~~l ~z;1
l:t)~~'l 410\~'1 '~~1 ~~~'l
~~~1 ~C1i~1 ~~~l Zf)~~l
~a;~1-..r- ....--
~~lZ\j~~l ~~~l
c l,
~[,.-
\.. ---
; ,· I· iI L :
.;~
·;,'J.
1:. ,, ,
'. ,,; ~ i.::t I.~
! ;,'~, i'J J '.1 I' II.i, I
. i:" I~ ,
· \1 I: ~ ,'f '
':H,: .
~ I
t'~. .
:",~_~,"'-'--"·6.....;~' . '-':s.:.:1.0&_ ~,'.-A-_;/
": .,:~
To block as gull et is ~~~.~~.~z::r~~r::r~~~lblocked wi th
1'0 pay a special atteH- ~''q~-r:-''~~'~'''''t1~"ltt:\~n.~~tion; caus e ~o be €ag.€~I q' "F""lflrq'~Z::'~l a.a'9a-~l:::'~1to take apeclal care 01 1y-\ '\ T\ \' \
To have desire of gain- 9CC\~·~~q~-lJ-~·n,i\~qC\3-I·'tjCC\~·{~·r11·ino of other wealth; to ,
t<> ~'Q'~~L:ll cJ)1ll~t'~lcovet / - 'I 1 ,
To hurt or inj ure; to aiL\'~'~~'~'~f~ql ~OiG'damage
To suplewent; to, make ~,\1"'@}~'~1 ~~·[email protected]·~l rdfr;:qladdi tions; to add up for '1 ~.
compl€ tion
To hold in nand; to ~~·~Ol·q\~'J;ll ~~~'>qlOJ~~'>q1carry; ,to smell; to mvel "a smell I , .To strech or Ex:te:2di to li~~l d-l~ZlT~·~.:I\~\strech out one1o ~211 ~
147
t::l~~1:..11 q~~r~-g~Q.6-J·.q~~~
1:X\~"ql ~~~f4·C\'(l:fl'&.Il
MEANING
To bear or endure; .tocogitate; to keep ~n
mind; to reflect upon
To conceal; to hide
146 TENSES
PI C\\~-q\ Pr. ~~l Fu. CN~t::.?0~\ Imp. &<1.rcEztl
~~9~1 ~9 q~ZT\ ~~l
~q~~l ~~1 h\~~1 ~~~l
l:l~~~1 ~~1 ~~~1 ~q~1
l:::\~~~l ~~l ~~zql ~~~\
~,~~~1 ~~1 ~~~1 ~~~\
~~l\\~1 (lll ~a;-~ ~~~l
~~~l ~~1 ~~~l ~~1--v--
~~~\Zi~~l ~~1 I "l~11
~~l I. ~~~1 v-~~~~Jl ~3-{Z::-'1\
"
r
~ ,
~~~~l ~~l I ;q~:<;1y-
~~\1\
!
; ,
t
(:,1 :,' ,, ,
i~~ .
: i~'j, '
i't '
I,Iii', ,
!.
'I
148 TENSES MEANING
~~ql ~np~l
~~'~I t~ o.t~\~l':\.~·n..~,ql
C\s.\q~·~~·ql ~5ql
To change a time as toquicken or postpone; topull or draw; to crushas to make powder
C'
To spin out; to protrac ~~~-n.a;~~(:\or{!a;n..f1CQ·ql~"ql
To feed with milk or to r:;'~l ~3f~~ql ~~~1 ~~~..~~".give suck; to Buckle; ~
to hi t ; to catch a main qC\.lR·Ifl~z:·:~~arql .point
To abolish; to put an ~~'~~~q,~~·q,~\q,~l;~·l:41end; to do away with ~
;"
t _
To exchange; to adjust
~~-~·l~~rz~~z:.;~l1~·~~·
~~ql~3iql ~q'~~-~~'~l a:~:of>~~q-~~~l
To press; to supress; tO~ql~.ql~~~~-~Z::'?"Q.E~'~lpress in between; to cave ib '\!) "':l
In; to subdue ~q~
To confound; to disturban orderly plan, etc.
To knead or to makedough; to rub; to mixup thoroughly
To satisfy or to be Ba~- a;~'~l ~\I:.t}1sfied;to be possible
Imp. ,~~.~z:t)
~c:\l~1
~~~1
FU·Qi-Qf:.~l
~~rl.11
z::t~~1
,l
~(~~l
~~~~l
~~l
Pt.c:1..,,~·ql
~~~~1
k\~~~l
151
l:l't'tf~·~~·~·~·~~C'-\q'~'·"'ll~.
~~l ~~'I..\' '
MEANING
To supress or press down; (,l~rf&'lt\a;-a;~i ~otl.·~lZ\.Q~~~\"G'to tread on; to.subdueor control over
To wear or put on clothes; ~~'~3iJ:Jl£f\~"lt\~~'ql '9v:r~~('l,."'l·to dress; to help or serve ~3\J:..11to put on clothes ~ .
To smell; to inhale odour ~~·~CJ\·I..\l~~~·~Z::Gn.~·~·iJf'~q,···
~~~, .To torment; to torture; 9~z:.·qln.~·lq19~"'ClI~~~~I~~"J:..11to afflict or harm; tosuffer
To become impure; to bepolluted; to defile, tobecome filthy or un:::lean;to pile up
To think; to consideror to cogitate
To make to receive orobtain; to gi ve; to C8W.'e
to obtain religious obligations
TENSES
FU·~·~~l Imp·~~~ztt
~~~l ~~\I
~C\gl ~~.q~l
~~i3-l1 CJ-l,\04~l,
~~~1 ~~~~1
O-l~~l ~9~~1
-- -..r--
~~~1 ~C\i'4~1
Pc. ~~1
'~~l
01~~~1 a:{~all
~~~~1 ~~'1
~~~~l ~~0-11
-v-
~~10-1~~~1
150
; ;. i
i,!'.-"
i",',
J:
~.:,...)~,"~._-,.~, ~~ ............" ~.........i· '_........-.0.."'-"".............., ."""..~~~~~.........~..y,";;
i~If;I'I
I'I,'ji.
i 'L /' i
To mix or to dip in; IiO h"';\~.~[\~·~·· - _. -~'~I t\~~.(}t.~~"Z.1\dip a bread into soup !'or vegetable ,
To cause to rise up or n..rQl~r~·n.~~·1..11~~,,"~n..~'q"~l~,,~to jump up; to cause to . _ ;.r....q 1Mbecome. superior; to pro- n.~~·c.tCl.a-r~,,~n.~"U.l.:t:,@~~'T'\~'Il
mote; to send or cause ·~'1::\f\3t·.If\~,ql
to move
to. . '
~;~_;:i~"·"
152 TENSES
Pt.~~~~l re. ~~1 Fu. ~'~Z:::~1 Imp. ~C,J~~
~1tl~1 £jl:fl ~Zfj ~lfl~l
~~~l ~.~Zf]
--r
ii~~l
MEANING 153
To give up; to abandon;to renounce; to practis'e
To increase; to raise;to promote; to light afire
To put on ornaments; tobeautify; to put oni towear
~':t:;"C:\' ~Ql~~~l<1-~"Gli~'G'
f\~~'~n~l:fr'41~'tf~9f'~1ij"~ql ~.
ij"~Qn..~·(:V~~~~~~1
<H~~''-Jl ~C\~'~~~1 ~~'~1
To accumulate; to heap; ~~~·'"1~~~3l·~l~,·q~~~~l~~.
to pile up ·n..i(lt\·"'l~-~~ql
To put on or to wear; to tai~o:~n'l~'~l ~~.~\put on ornaments ~ ~
To turn upside down; to ~~l:1'"G1 ~·rut·~~t\~~"fiJi'-Jl~~q'reverse upside down .~~qi
To cause to fly; to make n..~~~~~·X-.llfly
TENSES MEANING 155
Pt.~,\~·gl Pro ~~1 FII'CN'~S~l Imr.~~.~~
" " "~n.l~~ ~~l '"~C\.l1 ~r~~l
~1 ~1 Wl-y-
~Z0\1
To caus e to inc reas e; to n.~o.:rQ~~~~J~1:r1ln.c-l·~",·q~.g,~'4]cause to spread over .
To change; to tra.nsfer; n.~~~~~·ql~'~1 ~~~rJ..l·Fl·~J::I~to shift; to apply same C\, ... .... ,..,-. .'
illustration or. I'easons ~1Il~'~"l::11 ~~'-4'~'t::i\to prove some otner factsin a same manner: to step
To give; to contribute; ~'~li~~l~~~q~ln~~~~~~~1to respond;, to cause to . . 'Y--, ~~' . U;;.meet; to cause to fight; ~~~~~~l~~\~l ~~~~~~~\to prove; to introduce -~Ill'Gl
To put to use; ~o. make ntz:.~·~·[~~l~~~~~~l\lIl~q·[\use of or to utlll ze; totake pain for a success e..t~·J'\,FTln:.~~·~q·~lor to face some diffi-cUlty or difficulties
To make one go or come~~n..~~·~~&tl~J:l~·~·~ztl·ql
To self-praise; to boast ~~~~~\.:(,c..~f~'q5"z:::.·Qa.~r<Q'\tI;r
To scold; to blame with ~·J:ll~,n.:~if~·~~~qlq~~langry words; to reprove
To cause to sink dawn;to submerg&
To expel; to drive out;to send out from a coun
C'. 0- ~ C\.,~~~l ~~'l ~~1 ~~~l
~~~1 .~9 ,~ltl ~~~1
~C\'\1 --- ~1--v-
g~ ~~~l-V-
~1"'"y-- 'y-
~~~1 ~~l ~d-:I~lV- 'v"""
W ~
~~l ~l ~~1<.:::::.J
....".-
!f~1~'\, ~~l ~~1
;'
!J
I
" I
,: Ii, .
.j i :: n 1 :
JI ; ,.~
ftIi .r .~ ,
: ,I ,
!I,
i
~, l57
--------_...<- -_-..:~- ..._ ..~. - -
MEANING
To dictate; to givedictation
~o exaI?ine; to test; to ~·n.~D.I·~lrCf)~~€J\'~l ~·t:.lllnvestlgate ;;> 'I
To cri tici ze; to repro ~'~'\~\~~i'~)~f~~~'C\~z::l~'~"n.~~·ql
To transform or t~ ~erfonn ~~~'~qli\3ra..~Cl4-~l4'~~·~r,:miracles; to exhIbIt a ~ , ~ ,~
miracle or miracles; to ~~11l~'~'~Q~rl41incarnate
To pu ~ on or to wear; to ~,\r.ln.,~·@,~"Gl~Ufzq~l ~~~'qlbeautIfy ~
To send a letter, etc. Et\~i::l:lC":l..~·~,ql~"'Gl ~"4~~~'.'~~ql ~ . .
1'0 shake off; to shake II\'~~'~~'~~, ~r::i·&tl
1'0 focus rays j to enlarge ~~~~Q:l\~qa.~·Q~·Ql~~"ql €~.to spread out ~\
To estimat~; to ascertain ~~·q1§~·q~~,\r.11~"1:.t1or to confIrm
1,6 TENSES
llr i-\~~':'F-~l Pro ~~1 PU'3r(;~~1 Imp.~~.~
~~1 !1~' ~~1 ~~l<\ C"\ e--. C\~~~1 ~~'1 ~~'l ~z::,~l
~~~l ~~ ~~ ,~~~\
~~~l .~~l ~~l ,~\.4~''::l ::}
~~l'-/"' v- ~
~1 ~1 ~~1-v-
~-~~~~l '\~~ ~qlt\~t:.llf\') ~~p\
~~Q,l ~~Q.l ~q~l ~~Q.I
--- -v-
~Zf~l-v--
~~~l ~~~l ~g~l
.....,-- --.,..-~~I::::~\ ~~F-:l \~~l' ~~F,~l
~~~1 ~~~1 ~~~l '\~1--- ~~~1C\~~l ~~l ~fll
. i -:
j .
..;.
~:, ~'!ii ',;
~ ". I" , :~. Id' I\' IJ, I,,'~ ;.
I 'IiII I
I
I i'I'., I. I! ,I, !
:. i:I
I !:::11 ;i ~ Ii t I
~l I
I: i.'f i", I:' Ii !I I
i r
,t. _
"J
To cause to bE: nVaric- j~"~·~·.c:jl (:V4,,·~~~·~·.q(.),a.riOU8; to feel for losi~g .,some thing or SOPle one ~·I;jr~~'rn..~~,~~-ql
To benefi t or ~o lJe ~f '31 rl·t:II 4a·~l!.rtJ.91::.:ql ~~'~'\Q1'use; to be u3E:1ul; to ., ~l I '3' I "' ..
b~ hellJiul ~~<\·~~'~·~~~·.c:jl
To brl ne ci own; to cc~I.lSe ;c;:~n;q~·~t:::·qll'\I:';jG:h'rJ..~.tn'~lto corne down \, \5 ",'I
159MEANING
10 be. defeated; to lOSt 1~~~·~~·~n..Q.1'~'-\"~l,aq-~~or fall; to feel diss~- ~ ~
tisfactory; to feel SClf!"Y~·~~3f~q,~·~fl·31~31't.l1 ~Ool~'
t<I~·l:..'ll 'To inert-ase; to LeconlE:higher 1~'~-~~t<I~'Gl n,t4~'~1
~~tpierce into; to holkw i-l..~~~r~l ~~~'~ltl'~1
To pi tch a tent, rOJ! o~ ~:1\'~Z;'~lfJl ~~szn~·~1{j~··"'.umbrella "'c:'\ " ~.\
Q.q~~~'3·~~,':j~'ql
~4~·\.\€~':~J ~.~ Gl'\\~~l::qTo jump or leap; tosparkle
158 TENSI!S
Pt.~~'T.:ll ~r. ~~l Fu.ar~~l Imp'~~'~1il
~~~1 f.\r.q~1 t4c:..', ~c,~l
~~~1 ~~1 ~~l ~'\~,
~ql \':\~l:::~J \q~\ t4z::q
~~l ~~~I n.,'"4311 ~~~1
cq"'l ~l4~~1 (~.r4~1 Z"4~",1
~G1~ ~
~I~~~~l ,\.q l:fJC\ ~
~&ql ~~1~r:::jl ~r.qJq~l
~ C\
~~l'C\.
~~l (.\t4~~1 ~~'\1
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,!4 t::.:\ ~~~~J '~~~'l ~~~1~
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160TENSES
MEANING 161
li3f(.\~~'ql ~",c3f~'~~""q~i~rn.~~qlllfr-.~~'\~1
~~~~~"Il @~·~c:l.orQ.q~~J
~·a.i:f-"~l ~~ql
" (l.rz:;u~arn..~~·~1 ~if\~R~~·ql
I
~'~Zfl~~~~~1 ~'z:.l~~"
o.qq~·~~Zfl~"\"~·~~1fI1caUB~ ~~'l!:fIfl~'Q.~,·qJ ~)iql ~ar~'"
~~'(:\~,~~~.qJ
t a o.~C1.1·e::tl ~~~'ql ~X;ql ~'~~~IPre-
rrt~~·qJ
To pitch
To rub; to tan; toto fly
To take off; to expel;to push out or to pushaside; to take forthfrom the rest
To go or to come; tomove
To hit; to strike
To offer; to give;send a letter or asent etc.. ,
To blow wi th the mouth ~·~q-qn.~~~~-..qf"·~l.\1~~'
or wi th a blo~€r; to (:\~~"'.r~'~~lblow a vocal lnstrument~, 7like trumpet
To be able; to be capable; to be serviceable;to be eligible
To increase; to becomelarger or bigger
To pour out; to spillout
~~Gl ~~~l
~~~1 ~~~l
~~~ n-~~~l
Fu. ar~~l Imp. ~n.I'~tfj
~~~1 n-~'\1
~~, ~~~1
~~1 ~~~l
PI. ~\~.~, Pro ~~,
~~1 ~~~l
, ., .
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2.62 TENSESMEANING 163
To be suspended; tohang down
To wonder; to ramble
To lift up; to raise; to ~~'I::ll ~z:.:-~l ",,~~'qlhoist a flag
To reprove; to Llame or ~~'l;"Jl ~·~~~·41criticize
To intermingle; to be- ~~·.q-\·~~·ql~~~'~~~~·qJcome like felt
To spoil the eYffi in snowl&·~~Gn..a,r'flr::.~·"'\~~Zi1~·'-l119~~·[email protected]·'-l1
~
To put something. at or I~E:~~' n.lI1,\·~i:fEl1~-~~~·~~~lon a place; to glve. ('~.t.l'.lt1~~'P:~~~"Q,~~Glresponsibility; to glve 1\
or bestow
g'''''--........ . " ~~To be destitute; to ,~~·~~~,ql ~(f)'q 1become poor; C\rrr::.~·~l
To be capable of taking ~~~l ~Z:::fq~·~~r.,Jl~q'~Jrisk· to be courageous; ~
to b~ able of takingdecisi.-ons
-v-To break through the. ~~'~1 ~1~lfJ~~r:t.T<lnJ·l:lQ.~l
. difficul ties of knowlng &~~~'~~~'G~~lfl1l'l:l~.~q:J..qJ
To sweep; to clean wi th A1l'\@.~~l ~Jt\~-ot~'r~lf\'~lbroom I
~o;~l
~~1
r:l..~~I
~~l
~l
FU'~~~l
.~~~~1
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164 TENSES MEANING 165
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Pt.~~~t..31
~~1
~~~~V~~l
rL
Pro ~1jl
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~~
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~Zf}
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-~l[L
To suffice for living; ~~l ~~qy~~·r.Jl~~l2.rl"~·~Jto live, to b~ accom-plishedln one'. life
To go; to move ~~~1
To wipe off; to erase ~~~yq"~'\~l ~q'~lor scrape out
To enrich; to become ~~-n.~l~4l·i.f.J)~~·~lrich
To take cut; to cast out ~·~~·",~·ql~"~~1 ~~.to extract or. expel; to ~~'~a:""(:t,~~r~Q;~a.~'r.:Ilcause to be s1ck of; to ~l~ ~. '~lessen or root out ~·q~~'~~lgrief
To rise up; to overflow ~:(:~~'~l<,\~q~r~l <'.i~·1,{1
To separate; to distin-l ~'~~~'~I")~z::r~""~J~C'lt'guish; to keep apart; q" ~~:;:'qfto open 1 \
To change; to be S epa- ~~'q, ~~~\.c.{~~,\.~.~.~...rated ~,-q"or~51~-zq~~'\~l
To creep like. a snake; ~';CJ~arfq~if~·t:\~-ql~n.:l.!:!"•.to move on stomach dose ~ ;:t;':
to the ground . "'~I·(1.~·q·~~l
To order a dog to bite a-q~·~q~-~n.l·qlsomeone
riL -
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167
\F~~«f41 fl~'-~l. '
~q·~·~·~~·~·~·~·~q~q~~l
~~-ql ~~.q\ ~'r.t.~~l
MEANING
To itch
To be anxious; to?e . <:\.~Q..~l:\~·~1 ~~~C6ZfJ~'rqlattached or enthusIastIc
To divertj to turn orgo aeide _
To cover up
~o mOvej to wavej tothr6b
To be anxious; to be 1t.~,\o..~J:;,~·~l i~·~·3:lzt1~,;p:-ln.3rattached or enthusiastic ~~J::..~'~1
To meet; to fac e ~]'~rq\ 3t~~'~1
To beat j to harm ~~~l Q.~·~l
'0 part; to separate; t9~~~~qJ~~~·.qJ~~"t.lkeep or put apart I.To r~d':lc~; to make lESS \"'~'~r~-~~~"i;~J~~~'Qlor dImInIsh ,
To test or e:{aminej to. ~~ZlP\~~q14~·r~o.~"ff~···unde~stand; to ascertain ~ql~~'~J~'l;f~~C\~~f~to throb ~'Q,.~ql
. .
I~'~~'~~'ql. -..,-.. ~.
To plough a fresh pI ece -~~·~t;~·~-~·~lof land; to dig landfor cultivation
~r:./
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Imp. ~fl:l'~~.....-~lt)~J-v-
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f:\~~l
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~~l
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~~.~
TENSES
f\:Q.~l
~~Zil
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~~
~~~
Pro '\~l
~9~1
~~T
~
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~~r
~I
~~~1
166
Pt'~~~l
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169MEANINGTENSES168
'.
i~~~~_.~~;,"""",-·":,:,.,,,,~,-,-.dh"'-'-"~""""""''''''-''''''';;'''''''''''r'-'-I'......''-'-,--....,..b ......;"..---...~.....w.'·d·.....-i 0.......•"""""""'..........__~~~J j, ' !-.y
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170
Pt. A..~~·~l Pro '\~l
TENSES I
IFu.c;r~~~l Imp. -&l'J..l'&;l:fJ I
l~ ~~I~ I
~/il ~ZiI~lI
1
J
MEANING
To be late; to comelater
To mistake; to bemistaken
171
~~~~1 ~Xf\~'~l
i;-7\"Qt ~'tl'Q~art\E(~·ql
172 TENSES
To express; to recite;to mutter
e-To be pierced; to be ~~~~~~ql ~llP~l (.I.GIIf¥.lJpenetrated
To be pierced; to be ~~~a:.1Xl~1 ~~·qC\~·~l.ffqlpenetrated
To go out; to be exclu ~Q.if~ql ~n.~qQ.aJ·~~J:Jl
To be mildewed
MEANING
'"To be reversed upslde oown ~'~q-"Gl ~·~·~·.:l\~·~1
To be dislocated; to ~~·£~~···~",:ql~·q~~.qlbecome crooked
To become slow; to be ,\n.rifcil9~·~1~Q.1·~·~q·q"'~~lslow
To spill out; "to fail ou ~·~~~n.Cf"q-~·~m~~Ciiqlliquid or to overflow ~~&..lJ
To faint; to become un- Zl~Zll:i\q·~·~·ifa.~~~Zfli\~conscious; to become L.lj ~n.Cf~r~·tllinsane
1,
I
I
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---- Imp. ~nJ'a;9FU'~'~~l
C':\~~'l ~~~1
~::::l~l z:::lq~l
~~l zqo.t~l
~~0.-
~~~1
~~ ~z:q~l
Q.~~l ~~1
C\~.ql ~.q~l
~"l ~~~1
~~I ~~'\1
-..r-
9Q,l::ll
Q.Zf'9 ~
~l.............
~G~~l
Pt.<\~~·r..t) Pc. ~~l
q~~l (.V~:Z·1
~l:'\l ~ql::l~l
:::l3-l~1 ~~l
~ ~~
~~ ~~
~~l ~~~1
~ql ~l:;ll
~~~1 ~~l
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175
~~~r.1,~~~r.I,~-c(~·~·n..~'liGl~~"'f)~'
~n.l·ql i~~,~n.arn,"\"l·C.j'·&\~I~\~1
q~~1 C\l~'Gl
~.~zr~.~"q~.~.~~~,~~....qn.on~e.~~l ~~ii:1~~'UJ~'~l n.~tfJ·_·
~Cl.iW~~~~~:c.:Gl
~'~'~~z:t'Gl ((~ql n..~~~·ql
MEANING
To call; to callout; to ~~~~~lC\if~~l ~n..[~~'i~l ~Sf~.,,,.call by name; to invite ~q~~l ~
To be purified; to be ~\tn'~l ~ql£Gl ilf~~'~lcleaned or washed; to l l .-,
be used to
To haul down; to removefilthy matters; to washor clean
To do; to work
to disappear one's hairby falling off; to disappear or vanish; to beeffaced or wiped off
To sink down; to go downunder the surface ofwater; to be merged
To slip off; to missone's footing
To g~ve; to co~tribute; ~~J:il'\~'~~'l:ll~g'~~~qlto glve sometl1:filg as char' .~ty; to give some char- ~'~'~~~lLtable help
Imp. ~~.~~
~~~l~l
~~1
FU'~'~~l
~1
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TENSES
Pro ~~l
.....--~~~l
(:\~1
~~~1
C\.,
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174
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176 TENSES MEANING ~1 177
Pt.l:\~~'Z;ll Pc. ~~l FU'~'~~J Imp.-&~~~
; i
~~l ~~l ~1 ~~1To be.covered up; to ·Afiq~"X.t'm,q-q, ,~i;~~qn..~"
i 1 spread over; to spread n.\~'q, n.~q~·qllf\Ui""~"\I~~~·tqli or to smudge with ink;
,.. i to cause to spread over;I! to wrap in
~l ~'\1 C-\~1 ~~~l To hang down loosely; to n-~:r.:ql ~npqp.~·~·~~~·~l
i ifall into parts or pieces
II I: ~Zi1~1 ~~ ,~~ ~Zf\~l To anoint; to apply ~rQl ~q-i"\'~~~lIi'II .
~Z:::1 ~~l ~~l ·~~·1To exist; to be; to come ~C\C\~·~ql ~,ql ~rUfi~l
\1 out; to appear: .I'
~l"""'- .. ........
t: f'~'l:l' ~'~I:t)~q-\'QlI ~l ~\ ~Z0tl To be opened; ~o blossom,.I'
. I:' ~~l Q~~~l ~~1 5~~1 To run away; to disperse; ~~n.{~ql~q'l:Jl ~~·ifti:l~~·<..11
I, : to spread over; to ruin,: [;; ; or to decayI •1 j , -...,....-
~~~)-v-
~~l; I~l G\~1 To go or come ~q~'Gl Vfl:.:ql
!, .• i ~
~~~lyo- -v--
~~~l ~~1 ~Q.1~1 To step aside; to avoid; C1..~~q1lf\Uf~·ql ~".:rt:11·
,to escape from.
I ...,..--! g~l ~ ~ ~l To pour out; to spill out 9..0;=1:\\ n.if~,
~~l r:\~~l ~~~l ~~l To scrape with finger ~~-~~·~~I.tn..~·~,ql0&~"X4~~"
nails; to scratch; tc(),~t.ll
rUb; to drag
~C\~l ::t~l ~~l ~~~1 To pour water, etc. ; to . ..........~·~"1·t.j~·~,~.ql
strew
, " c ~l -
~ 1.:- ~. L ___ ~
.,,-~----_. -~.-------..... --
To hit; to beat ~~·q~"~~·~l~r.,:ql
To part; to be separate ~~ql!~'~"'t~~~'~"~~l
179MEANING
To go down or to de:line;to diminish
0.-To deceive; to delude ·.q~·<Hztr~~lSl~~-ql nEf,Gl
To be Bold; to be deman- it~~zq···q~·~l:.llo.~~ztF~~.r-·qlded
To give food; to give; ~~~~·qn.~·~,\ql~~ql~~q~~\to bring c:l.~~,·ql
To write; to do painting ~~"'n.~.t:l19·C't.~~1if~itf'\~~'~lor to draw; to note downor to reg! 'Ster
To be increased; to be ~~'z:.J\ ~~z:::,'~1fUll; to be filled with
t ~'"'~"Gl n.~,·e.tn..(J:l·~~·~1To drag; to rub or 0 ~\ ~\ \scrape
To put in a hole; to de- G"."~l\~·~~zq'~l~~q~~,\~tain in a hoI e or to makeimpossible of being free
To be increased; to be- ~~'~1 ~~~~~1come larger
TENSES178
prc'\~~·I..ll Pro ~B1 FII. ~'~c.::~,q Imp. ~r.l-l.~~
~l::l~l ~~~1 ~ql ::::\ l::11~~l ~~(l.1~1 f\~f\1' ~rl.l~1
C'\ ~e-.,
~ ~l :}\=11
~1 G\~1 ~1C\,
~~'\l
~~1 ~1 ~l ~~lC\.
~~lC'\
~'0Jl~~~l ~~l
~l ~~ ~, ~1
~Zl1~1 ~~ ~~ ~~~l
~~l ~~1 ~~1 ~~1
~~~1 ~~~1 ~~l ~~~l
:§q~l ~ql ~~l ,§l:i~r
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MEANING 181
To cut; to shave
To fall apart; to corne ~~a.r('t..o::.r:n·~\_z;.~·J=l.·~·ii-,r. '''',~'off into pieces; to be Y .\ ~ ~~~~~(~.shed ~iR·~·~l~~"~lfl'~'~'r;£3-l"
n..~00.\--q·~~1
To dig ear"th or to make ~~~ ., . -:- ---a hole; to dig out; to m~~~q11ql ~lt\·z::tlsearch out
~~\ ~~~qQ.CJt"Q,~lfI~l
To be afraid of; to be ~frightened; to be alarmed c:1.~~~l~lfI·J:,J1~~i\~~J::ll
To be busy with; to hur'1rvt~~-qn9z:;.-~\~~r~ri... ·qlor hasten "! ~ CT\
To receive or get; topractise; to do Dr totake voluntarily
To chew cUd; to chew
.....~~~~or~~l:r~'~~~l ~ztt'q~'
Oo\'f\'~~~04~-ql ~'~~~~l
~~'~~1:41 n.a5,\·q~a.I·~'Gl
• '~~~~;.l__,,,~
~~':'~~ - -- -- --- ...........~--__'f ......• _.iitb_-zY·~~""'''''''''''''' ''''''''''_It.~~~~'''''-''-__'''''-''''''-'''. ."",- ~_.
183MEANING
To pour into; to put in ~ZI1·q",ar~Zfrl:JlC\t;.·~~~·1.31
~'o give water; t? eive ~·~\Q~8.l~'\~l~l\·q~~J~,·qlBorne drink; to glve
To buy back or to redeem ~l1'i"~'~"1:l1 ~l ~1fI'~'q(\ar~q-qlto redeem life of aman or a animal by paying some money; to rann
'1'0 become nervous; to be ~~~'·~U\&.1·~\·:if~~~~'QI
mentally unsettled or to ~.q~'ai-i4q~'l':lC'~'~'cfJ-31'Q~.ql ~.be uneasy; to get bored .... .(J[' to become dull o.r~~~q:Z:;~'~l,\~~z:;.~~ t:lj
~o order a dog to chase; ~l\~ ~~~~l~'\'~nJto let out or to send; ~~'1:.IQ..ann:~'9~''11to instigate
To cause to defile or to 1\1~''9~~J~3\~~~l~'~~~'~1stain; to cause to be '9 .defective; to make imPure
~\o wet; to make dan.p or q~~~~·~~·&:.11 ~~qllO moisten
'10 plaCE togethtr; to q~·t:ff),,~·~~·~h.rql~~lcollect
Toeatch fire; to bl a ze ~·n..q~ql @.,~·t.lQ.ar~~qlto be increased or tobe enlarged
To hide; to keep a secret~c·:qo.<3-l~!i!P~l ~~z:::.·~l
Imp.~~~~
~l:fJ~1
~~l
~~l
FU.OJ·~~I
TENSES182
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185MEANINGTENSES184
~.' .:
L, .. '. . . .. . ."", ....","'~~ ..,,.... r •. , ~~ .....~ ..._~._~,"~ ' '_"_
~~~~Cc-'_'_'--""""'-:":""".....' ~~~~_--...;.o.""""..........'_..._'.. ""'....,.......;"........_,""..,..,.,.•...:...,><cl...,=... =.;.,~.,.>.;j!,~.."""".. =".,"""........,..""'-""......." ........._.~~~~.......,. ..........~.-
I
1
~I:.\q~q-GJ ~~~'Zfl~'~ql
~lG~~l \Nrr!:\r:::-'tQl
:S'Ql
........J~trt:,:qr.\o,r~p::tl
!~tli-q~3J~J:f}·ql ~q"~l ~~~ ... ~~1
~~~~1a!~I\~~·~~~C\~lJl·ql
To attach; to put togetha- ~q~lill~·~~I...r(J~of~~·~l
To call; to call a frim ~~;~q\~~l:'t.q-n..~~l\iJl~lll~~1
to inform or warn 1:lt.:1I'\~'q\
To feel numbness; to ilir,."llJ~~II'\~~·~I~~:g~n..·qt'ol·~<H·_··
be unable to walk because ~~·~l'l..l·~:aq'tlr.tar;til:,·l.nu::..n::~~qof numbness; to sneeze 'lJiii\~~'~~~1i\q-'!crGl
To, feel hungry; to be ~~~~lhungry ?
'" .....-To purify; to give up n.'\Ef\~,,~~~n.~'Q~zrr-.J·~~·~I~~Ql
or to leave; to study ~lrqo.a:r~I::l'
To attach; to paste; to ~1fJ·~l~~~!~qC'.\~·~q-~I~qTii)~..conbine; to practise; to [\~~.~:l\qp3~"CfJur-q~~~.qlmake or prepare food ,
To eat
To swell up
To be confused; to beshaken; to spread rumour
To cause to endeavour;to cause to try
~o blow with a skinblower; to blow
To wrestle; to scuffle
~zrtl ~Gl~l
!j~l ~'\l
~l ~1
~l ~~1
.......- I C\...FlI. ~P..~~1 mp~~'d;~
~l ~~l
~z:::.l {!~~1
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~91 ~~~l~1 W~l
€-~·1 ~~1
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Pt. h.\51C\
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'i~.,~;.~_&f':'-.~Wi';':':'i;;;.J~"~~:·~a>I"""-·"':......-.......;.. ·""""s·c......? :1.....' __~.....-............-.. - """,,;::-......'. ~............._~:.;.,;",.-"""'",_,...: ~......"'_"~......'-'-;;"":"~~" -- '".i.e. ,~ . 'u ,_, .. ..1 -. ~:-_~;:.;,..•"._,~>:',;;:..",,\~,., rl""<!"-'1'i2n~! ~~:w:..+;'f··~Ht-;-"'· ":~~J::dI;,O,1o:~~,.,.~.--.,. ~-~-----~_ ",·-Wd"d 'N".8ir1#'d'd" ~("S1!"'-£'%'.'~~"""" .
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186 TENSES MEANING 187
To become cold; to freeze ~~1 ~'ql
To pull; to pull thestring of an arrow
To become pregnant; to ~8nlfl:..:n.ID:l;:ql ~~·n.fl~lconceive ~ '\! ~
To become empty; to be ~Z\,~:l\(U1J.=l,qr.l..31~~·l::ll~1::l1empty; to 0e without ~ 9-
To discharge water fro ~l:\'t\.qn:p:r~·~~·qlfl\1'l::llrnrt\~~r~1a pond; to let out w . \~ ~I
through a hole of a pondto pierce
To h:come cold; to freeze ~tfl'1,Jl ~~'~1
lJ.'o attach; ~ put toge- 't:l~'"ql ~u~r::'£,11 ilolt),Ol~"'~l'I.t'Qlther; to t1e together ~ ~, /~'~~-I
To become cold; to freeze ~zt]~l n.1'@.~1
To o....'ll; to belong; to q,\~ql ~q~1 ~1::r~~'U/r:;::~1have a right \
"'"'~zt1~1
~~~1
""~z::l~1
~~~1
~~1~q~l
~~~~,
~Zfn:t~l
Imp'~~'~l:ll
{iaJ~l
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~9
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~ql
""~n:tl
~l~~~1
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"~,
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g~l"~~l
~1~~~~l
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r'~51
~311
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""~~1Z;~~1
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189MEANING
IIjI1J,
I
,.
_~:i'_"·"~'~I~~;b~~~' __~~~"~"_~'~'~~S~~~"~'~.~~.~~~~-.~~..-.,~~~~~~~'."., .~,-=~. - -"n' "oIl' ·"jac1 ~a...lI~-,,--,--,.•~.-.w.~:-..-..-_"
IIl
I
To ~e polluted or t,o be ~,,\{1,~z::.'ql~~·a.~"'l:l1defl1ed; to become ~pur ~m~~l
to be defectivel
To try; to endeavour 1:\fa:~~-r~~:~'N;1~r:ln.~"",\ITjn:n..l~·tc\·~,
To bla ze up; to catch ~·o.q~l ~e-\·~n.a.rC1,i4~·G·~·fQt:.:~-n.q
fire; to increase q'~'{11
To pluck out hai r; to ~'l1,qnrq·~·o..~c:..~'t..\l~~ql 4~'~1mingle; to loose 7
To try; to endeavour nQ\"I,ll ~~~~'~~~I
To rise or swell up; to n.~~C1.~qli'~7..\~~·~~·~:t.,it::come out a part; to comeup onele head ql\~:J::.:ql ~~.:r,::ql
To blossom; to open into ~~~rn:g~n:3.r~:ql~§~·o.l:1~·ql
flowers
To be unlimited; to be 3-Ul~~·z:..jl~~1:,J' ~1.1·t..:!Q.~'111ti.l~'1:1limitless or to be without end; to spread over
To be attached; to befastened
To lick
.: :.....
: i
190 TENSES MEANING191
I'I '
i
IIII
iI,i ,
I I, :i:\ ~ ~I 'I :;j ,
!i
i
Pt. ~~~~l Pro ~~1 Fu. ~'rs::-~l Imp.~~.~-.....-
~l ~l--...-
~~~~1 (1.~~~1
q~l:\~l ~~~'1 R~~l ~~l
~Q:l~l"" .
~~1 ~~~l~~l
To arrive; to receive;to reach
To follow; to go after
To be connected; to berelated; to be combinedor united
...~·~·~~·ql~~·:r:rr~;:;.·ql ~~.
-~~·CJ(:(~~Oj·r.J1
. I'
!
193MEANING
Not to be
To sleep
To gnaw; to bite steadily ~'q~~~~,,'q\~~'r~~:c-:~\ ~~.~.or to chew bones, etc. ,\~~ql
To bEg food; to ','lander 'f~-X;:J::\l n.~31-~~~Lp·Jt ~n.J·QIor go around
To be with~ut existence ~~,\·t.tl urt'\q·~~·'~iip-l\ .or possessl.on
To become darkish orfaded colour
To brim; to overflow
To speak; to converse ~~'3:>'~'q\ ~"1n:~rlrlt\i1J:;;Gl
To be delightful; to be ~\~I~~n~~~l~~~~~@,X\~C\~..pleas ed; to be agreea ble ~~-3-l~(\~'-'ql
To bEcome rotten; to be ~o.rz::ll ~~'qlputrefied
To feel; to comprehend; t:t.:~1-4~·41,?31~·~·~·J:ll~cr~L:.·qlto exprience; to taste .
192 TENSES
PI. f\,\~'~1 r. ~'~l Fu·CJ.,1·~"~l Imp·.~p-r~
~fl.4~\ 3:\D41 ~~l 04~~'
~\C\ C\ "~~, ~'\, ~~l
~ (\ <:\. C\,
~C\'\, ~~1 3l~1 ~~\\
~~\~1 ~~~I ~:l\l ~~-=\~l
~~~J ~r.41 ~n:jl ~r.l-1~1
..... ...... .....
~~\ 3i~1 ~~l ~~
...... ..... " "~-\~l ~~, CJ-l.:!\1 ~~'\l
....r -v- ~-v-
~lt)l 0-l~~1d4~~,q~9'
~~~,v- -.r- -v-
~(\1\ 3.l~\ 04rl-l~1-v--. --.r- -yo--
-..r-3-l~1 ~~1o.l~' 0-1~1
~~~1 ~~ ~~ ~.l:f1~\
-".-..' -...r~~~ll ~~1 ~~'l ~~~l
I:: l,
. 'I i, .! I
L -'
~ ]J
. . _: , ' .t)Y'Wisil'·f"ltlr·n·1r"'fd"~,,,,,,,·,.a,,,,,,.,,,,,,,;,,--=,,·t......:jJf.....'h-Ac"_.-.... ~,.•',;::-~~.:.'.:1t~;.:;~· .. :;'4"S .,i.,:.::;.;;/,;{/·7·,.;.·'.,.·...~.:#"-w~.ci~.~_~......'__-'--~__
MEANING
To crunch; to gnaw I~~~~ql ~"~,g~~J ~,1:3J
To be sick of; to be ~~~'~l ~d)~,·~qltired or weary '"
To sort out wool for I::l.flt~Cl'\~·.<fj~~ql>q~·Cll~·a:I\l·~'\Flt:.lspining; to spin yarn
To become intoxicated;to be intoxicated withoverjoy; to be intoxi"'ated with love
To search; to bend down ~:{nrql ~c:q·~~·ij,\~·~·~qy~IfI~~.ltl·~one 'shead ; to enter; to q' ~~'ql n.~·1:J"'~~fql ~t;~'go j to put in n..~1fI'~1
To roam about; to go in -ql n.t"C'l..l~~.~iW~1search of \) ::.t .
To enquire; to ask ques- ~?~·n.~q,t~·~~·~'\~ltiona
To .hurt or wound; to be ~~'~'9~r,:l:ll~~·~·~~·qlinJured
To have a dream; to drean ~ct;J~·.tl)~·ql £-C'l..lCH·~ql
To be bitten by a dog; ~'~~~I *~cr~lto bite
To swallow
• M··'g .'
1,94 TENSES
Pr. f\~~'l-11-v-
Jmp.~~·~~Pro~'~1 Fu.ar(\~~l
~~C\ ::-.... ~
~'\1 ~~l ~~l
~~t'it ~~ ~~ ~~~l
\~~~l ~n:tl ~~l ~O-l~l~ -v- .....,......
. ~~l~~1 ~~1 ~~l
11.· .. ...:::...-.
'. ~ !, '
..... ......~~l ~~1 ~~\l ~~l
~~l ~l ~l ~~l
~~l ~C\ C\~l ~~1
0' j ;~~~l ~Zfl ~Zfl' ~~~1
' ,;
"~ ; I I
ll!~~l ~~l ~~1 ~~~lI' :
I :~~1 ~~l ~~l ~~1
iI,I,
'"" .....~~] "
i ~~~l 3-l~1 ~{~~~l
£,'.","'¥ -.. ,
-196 TENSES MEANING 197, i\1
~}"~l ~~~'l.l'~'~r,.~~~~'~~"-..<\~:=JJ\~I
~~l ~~'Gl
To age or to grow old; o.~~~·~OiGl~~'~'~1 "&\BJ.~·C\.~··to become tamed; to be ~ £\. ~ ~peac eful minded ~npr~l1;Jl (a.j~~-..e~\};~~qT
To bless; to wish or to ~~~~'~'~1 ,\~-q~q~l ~\'desire; to admire or to ~~~I~~~~llike I I
To name.; to ca~l by na.me; ~·"~···(~~l ~~\T~ln.O)~:qa-or~~lto say or ment10n ~
To dishonour; to reprove Z\.am~p'~q~p::JI~·.r;jl ~~~ql'1..~'"
or to make low ~'\'9~~1
To benifi t; to be helpful ~3i~1 Xt:\a;i\~~·~"qlor useful
To decay; to grow weak
To stretch; to stretchone's self
To feel dull or to becan~ ~~~'~~'~ldull
To plough
To be dull; to feel,dulto be confused or to beignorant
To be avar1ClOUS or tobe greedy; to save; toreduce expenditure
~1
~Z:::~l
~~l
iT~l
~~~l<=\
~~~1
11~~1
~l
~.1
~~'l
~l
~~1
~~lC\
~~1
~~,
Fu. ~'~~1 Imp. ~~'cl:fn~ I
~~1(~)
~l
~l:\'1
~
~1
~~l
~1
Pro ~~1
~l
.... ~~1~ .
~~l
~~l
~~~lC\
~~~1
":1 I, .
"
, ,
LIi
II
1\ i'
.\ 'ir J;
i iI·:
'
1,\I!i r
:II .
1',1 'I . .I;
1.1.Ii .1,1 !
\ I '
I'! ., ;, .I Ii :1'1 ;1:1 ;.
~ !
f :'L- ---'
,i.~ .
= J, "1
198 TENSES MEANING l<
C\.
~~~~'~'&\~1
~~or~l "I~·n.~~·~~·~1
"~'G-&\~l ~~~'~'9~\~l ar~~
~3f~a:t@,,~'ql ~af~Gl
To defile; to murder arelative; to kill
To cursE'
To imagine
To smile eentl~ to givesmiles
To beCOlTie mad ~.~...."ai~~'~l t~l
~'~1 ~~r:,:ql
To speak; to say or tell ~'ql ~~~~~'~~"'ql
To utter lAmentation; to g'·'Zfl·Q.~Z-l(:\~·it"l2,q~·141~ .lament or to bewail I -..- \ lip
'~C\~'ib' n,,~~'~1
T<:> ~e low; to decay or ~~'~l Q.~·J:.11dImInish ~ \::t.'\
To speak; to hide
I
To. have. new relations by~C(~') ~~~~, tt~·Itln..qr~I:(p:maTrla~~; to marry 1~'f~~3i~~E-1nprd)c:.·~·~'\~l
i~ t p.~~_~; to insert; to I(Y-:~~lfl'Gl ~~~~-n.~~·Gl
~~ }::~ an ascetic life ;I~~·~~~~z:r~~n.~·~"l~q·~~~"9c\~'~"~
To make time shorter- ~to anticipate ' ~~~?,q(~Q,~'~"~~~'ql
Pt. Pro Pu. Imp.!i
·1.
~~~1i 11 ~~1 ~~1 ~~~1I';; .! .,
: fiI: il ~~~1 ~9 ~~Iii ¥1~~1I j
\:0-
I,
~~~1 ~~li ' ~~1 ¥~~lI '!
; ~:Z~l ~~l ~~l ~"~1,
II ~l"'y-
W~l ~i: 11~~1 ~~l ~~'l "Ii ~~~l\,
~~lI' ~l ~ll: ~~l,
~~l ~l ~l" ~~)II
j I:, j: ~ai~l ~~~l ,\~Q.l ~~~l
, iI; ~
~~~~1 ~~~l:! . ~~1~11C\
,. , '\~l:tl~1
;1 i~~~z.;J ~~~l ~~~l;i ~~~~1
I .I
.1
~~~1 "'\~1 ~~1 ~~~l
~af~l - ........ -v--~3-1~1 ~~z")l ~~~1
q:.~ j; :
;
!l - •
1'0 search or find out; n.go..t.·.q<\~fcf·~,\J:.ll'<)~(\fqlto s.py or ·....ander
To be born; to ~atch; to n.~"';H·"'~·~·~1"i\~4Ij~·J:.l\9~~·i'::;.look after carefully or ~"~iwith great affection
To ~ift; to separate by "'~~·~1a;9~·~·~q-~1E:aS't]~'~q.~putlng through a sieve; 1;lor~rn~'r~a!,ltl.to sift tea; to filter ~ '11~1
To put in; to insert. ~rz·~~~~~~n..IQ.li)·r.tl
To enforce strictly ~arifg~·1~rt.QrJq<i~~'~~~\I
To cut into 8mal~ piec eS~'~~~-itr~l~·~.tt]~..r~q·~1or to chop; to illlnce
To take delight in games; tr~'i-f,,"~nt'~l~~r~zt]~:(l1.l·~ln.~;;:to enjoy; to romanticize q~J31~·Cl4~~·J:.ll
To play games ~~q'~J
To give helps; to grant ~~,~n.31~~·"O-l·llj~,·qlqll)n:~lq-ql.... to send; to order 9~.ql.q"ln;~n.t..ql
To cut out; to cut into '~~·~tjC~"tl~·~1r:s..'~rn,~a;l:m..~· ....hal ves; to take out or to "l)7'Q\let out blood from a vein
',: :;t :
, : ,
.'; ., ,.
'. I,
I ~,.
: 1
. i: 'j .
; :i; ,
l ~! ;". :ii, ., I1 C .: I, I
. ! ( ;, I:; .. I, i
I.,· :
II
1,1 :i,I',.i!
Ii Il:,ii: r
,', ., '
I:I': ,Ij - .
i,
2(·') TENSES--
PI. CZ~~'l:4\ Pro ~~l Fu. orq:-~~l Imp. ~0-1'~
t~~l ~~1 ~~l ~~~1~~1 ~l ~l -l~l
~~~l-.r-
~~l~C1.l\ ~l'l:l1
~~~I Z1lt~....
~41~1~li]
~~l q~ q-t41 ~a:;-ltl~l
~~~l ~~~l %~'1 n.~~~'11
%~'\l (~ovq~~ g~ql ~~~1~tq~l ~\Sz:::ll q~ql ~q~\
%~~l ~~~~) %~l oS~~l
~lt:l'\\ ~a)0-l1 ~~n41 f'\J;~~\
q~~~l ~afryC\~OJc- or.::.
l:\"<5~ I .~~~\
%~l .q~~1 ~~~l ~~l
L
MEANING
To harm; to compete orchallenge
To greet; to prostratefor :L'ES pect
~if'Q,~iP...·J:.I,'4.~~~'\·~·W\·~1.~n.Q:l·~.:t:,·l:ll
~1:I1·atb~I:\'
201
f _t··:·...i' -:,)',.,' ~".t, ,. -~,.
iJ:~J§~. ">"~..-._,-,-,~- ~-" -~_':""'.~_'~'~"""'=Z'"""'--~.........-................,;*e__' ..,~• ..;r .............~
." 1
~~'~zq'GI fr~~~'~'~~~-'
~~~i-Jq'X11 ~q'~1To sew; to stitch
To close; to shut upone's mouth, etc.
To harm; to bring evil :a;~'O,~·.a.~~1~~.ql
To hit~ to beat ~~~1~~9·.!{j9'~1
To sell ~~C2.l9·~~'l:(1
~~mi~s~~t; to put in or i\~~~'X11 ~~~~~~'~I
To rub; to make friction; c~ql (.I.r,t:.·~l g~~1to drag; to move ',~\
MEANING
To cause become hoarse; ~~n..Ei:.:r::..:"Z\·r.tE.lfI·1:.l1~z::·~r(:l:..~a·~to cause to be rough and '\b ~ 'I "1' ,~\"
harsh voice
To wring out; to squeze; q~~QIi1.t.:QaOr~~~~~.I.l~'€to contract by pressing; ~3t-~<;:C ••'. . -. • ~ .to extract or press out \\ ",o:c,:.q 3~~(2,~~ ~a.~ l\d;)~'oil, etc. by wringing ou "'~lfl'~1
To establish a base or -z:r~~~,rX11 ~n.rl{]f'\·~ln.iffnto base; to introduce ~. '4~n.~lf1~·-r~1or establish a custom; I ~Jto start; to plant
To grin
~~1 ~~l ~~l ~~1(~~
~z::j~l ~~l ~~l ~~~l
~~~~ ~~~l ~~1 ~a-J~{~
~~04~1 ~~~l ~~CJ-11 ~~~~1
%~~1 ~?(~~l ~:t"::l\1 ~~1
%~(~~~ 8~1 ~1 ~~l
~tltl ~g~ ~tZrJ a5Zf)
z.it!\~1 <1~'1 ~~'l g~~l
202 TENSES
Pt. n.~~'rq1 Pro ~~1 Fll'~'~~l Imp. ~nr~lf
%zt)~l ~lf) ~f;~C\,-
z:tl-o~"11
~~~~1 ~~1 q~~l ~~~~1
.,
.:
i,j ..
, ,i
, :'1
.. i ..
MEANING
To push up one I s dress 9~·u'P"',¥:::'·.t::l.l
:>r to pull up
To bar -~-;g~t~~~~'~'~~~l
To compose; to write a g;"·l:lr.l,~~&,ll q~i\·%~'-t"iN·X-ll
book; to prepare ~;qC1.Rt·~cq-.g3-t·J..l17
To try; to endeavour; to (.\~~·ql fl\.\·J:\."ia\q\ ;J.~'q\
frighten
To wall up or to pile t'~T~~I:P~41t~'~l
up; to build or erect
To calculate or to count ~c:.~Ilj'~%:l·~I%~~q·~1~~'~'€
to compute or to r~ckon; L..I'\~·li\04,~~~,.c:r~'4l%'I:f)~'~I=:.'~
to consider as an lmpo p ~ ~\
ant figure or thing
To welcome; to receive ~~·;q·~~1~l:l.~'~·~·.q,
with welcome
To cook or boil; to dye '~9~'n,a!;'\':"ll ~ar-G.·~~~·n..li,,\
clo~h, 7tc .; to le~ a. ~.~~.~r~'Jli~·GI4"'r~.q~~~.;frult rlpe by keeplng In ~ ~\ ~ _
a warm plac e st~'~~~~1
To in~errogate; to ask Z\~t.\'~~·G·~"'1J~~'rEl~~·~F
questlons; to. debate; to ~;q'~qll~;~lj.(~·r.:j·@.G·~1 ;c~';
argue or to dlsputej to \ ~r
contend ~~,
1
~q~l
1~~1
~~'\l
t~~l
~~J
Imp·l1n..r~~
~g-~1
~~l
qt~l
~t~l
~~
~~
FlI'~'~~l
TENSES
Pro '\'51~as~1
. j.:." 't!' V". ,,~ Of ! '0' .'
~;q~l
~i54~1
2:::lt~~l
:j!'I,I
'Iii
I!: I:." ;
~: .
,< ~
\"
~ ,~
~ ,~
-
l - , -~ ~ - i:- -
'>.1',,' -. '.""Ais',; i h i-'h" .'
.~'...
....-~~l 207
MEANING
To have affection; tolove; to cause some uneasiness with one'steeth by friction orfriction-sounds
To try hard; to endeavour n..~,\ql It\t·.q''s..\4\
To earn; to ac cumulat e ; lll~~'n-if:~rr~~~1 r:~N·~~·q'T~~·l.l·,to asve for future N'\ 1
To remove or to get· rid ~~'~lof
Imp.~~.~~.
q~-~l
TENSES
Pro ~~l
~~1
2C6
iI, ....c.
~1!
~~~\1 ZilC\l q~~! ~; .~
1::"~9~1 ~~
v-I: ~ ~l.fll %\~~1I-I: !; t
~~~1-.
~~~1Ii i %\.nJ l q~~lI'II
iI.
II
.j
!' !.,01'~,
. .il i q. ", j1 ,',
209
i:t~'l\~~'~' at;·q·~,ql
~~~'~I Q.\\·~-rf'l::ll ~~'~'~I
MEANING
To be sqeezedj to becontracted; to comeout or trickle down
To be contented; to besatisfied
To burn; to feel hot
To b~ frightened; to be o.~lt)~'9 ~lt).~\~I1~rGlafrald o~ to be nervous
To feel bot; to be hot ~,Jq' a)'~l
To be completed the en- ~t;.~·1f)·a5~ql ai'afc::.:q\tire number of require- ~.il·'~'qlments; to be completed ~the entire body of something
~~e~~' clean; to feel ~~~~~'~I~~'iJl'~~'~~"
To measure; to compete l\~C\l'ql':\ara;,\~I:r~1(2,~"~I1..,~·~~'ql
'To be able
,~~l
~=1\~1
~~~~l
~~~, .
£~\l
Imp. ~a:j'~i
~l
~~'l
, ,". ,.".
ct~J
~cf;ql
oS:\l~~l
asO-ll
R~~l
FU'~'~~l
aSl.a;;;~l
TENSES
......;i .. ,W } "j '.
~~l
~cf;~~1
~~l
(.\~zt)
~Oil
q~~~l
r\~~~l
~~~1
, ",..,"':1 !
Pt. ~~~~l Pro
<;51
~l
208
i! :, I
tI
, I
I :i 'I"; ,;
'j ,
f ;,-:"'::" ..
~~~~~
- r c [~ L ,
]J
}._.: .,.,:
, ",~,~,
-~ ~~._-~..... _--_.~ .......--- , ..-.-.......
210 TENSES\iEANING 21 }
~·q·~'fl~·~~·~r~·~ql
1 n.~~l':\a.r£'lt\~~<:t;tfZfJC'i·~' (JJ~a.r~~'~I '1~~Gil.{1 9~,~zr~·n.~ilitJ~~I
to be 1'\9rz~·~rl1.£'CJ.I~·~1~~~.~.:~~c:qIt,.qn..Ol~~·~·~·.Q,l -..9~.r~1To uerceive through
touchinG; to feel orunderstand
To be angry;intensified
To hold; to retain
To assemble; to gettogether
To rise the moon, ete.
To be liclltened; to bebright; to hesitate; tobe displeased
To be left or to beforgotten
To be bend down; to beturned away
To be included; to be :~r..~~·~f~~r~1 "~'\3.1'q~~~~invol ved _ IqQ.~ n.~,\f.,J1
To swirl snow, dust, Wind,!f\~·I:\c:.VI~I~l~,·~ltJ~·~ZJ~·1-J1water, etc.; to be suf- \~~t-r~q~'~'~'~r::~'QJ~"'~I aj.foeated or choked; to ~q~~'~1overflow \S \
~~1
~lf\~1
~~~~l
-...r.:asC}l~I
a;~~1
r.{~~1
~glfl
--c~~1
r:\.~311
~l
~~~l
r.1..~~~1
C'\~ql
....c.r.{,cE~l
-.e~~1
~r. l:\Bl
~~1
Q.~~~l
~l
a-;~l
g~~l
~q~l
~0l1
g=t\~'
,.1 .
-,: :
; :, :
I'I,I
~I ,, I
, I
i II 1, I, ,, .
I. ,, '
, i j
i :,!
, ' 'I ,• ,/1 '1, ,
I H!
2131\fEANING
rro be alive
I ...... ~. '~~-~~'r'-ll~'To be fully cooked; to be 14\'~9~' ~ qj ~saturated wi th \'iv. ter; to :~~.m;~·~·"ll~};~<ll@:~·~~1.11be absorbed in liquors; ;Xo be fUlly indebted ITo ornament; to :t:ut on; ,~~'qn,,~:~\·l..ll't1:l',JJ~~lJ~<Jl'~\~'(to wear; to wondEr I
To v., onder; to feel strange tJ..\·~~·t..tl ~,\a4~1
To be alike or similar !n..~i:f~~'J4\t~~?!~9C\~·~~·ql
To displease; to hesi tat€ ~a;f.,\13t·~~1%,qn..ar3t~,~",~.qlor to be ashamed ~~~1
To comprehend by a sign etl'-'l.'~,\91\~Cl..~·~\1flfr"~·ilf~lor hint; to indicate
'To hesi tate or to be ,n."E:al·l:.qreluctant 11
To rush in or to enter :~~a5~'~1 ~aYz~·1fr~·r.jlhastily or violently :
I
i~ :x:To suit; to be sui tabl e ;C1..'!l%f1'I.ll ~~'l:JQ.o·n~~·91
I nji ~_.To grow up; to become i~~arr..~~c:..·ql ~'~lG~~~~1taller; to develop ~
I
To be satisfied; to be ;~~'~Zl:ln::~1@.~·:ql~o.t·~'Q.~z:P'-11happy; to Vdn or overcome:
Imp.~~'~1fI
~l
~£9)1
O-l~~l
CJ.1~~~1
a:J~~1
~~~'\l
~05~~1
~g~~l
~aS~~l
~~\~1
q~~~l.....c
I ~~l
. OJ05~l
~05~1
~~~~')
CHM"laJg~l
~~~
C\~~'1
~~~l
~~~l
0\~~'1'-C
~£;l
TENSES
~~~l
a:JdS~l
~~~)04~~1
OJaf~1
~~lt\
c
(:l,·~~·l
~a)d-11
C\~~1
~M"~1
~~1
~r. \Bl~
n.~~1
~~~1
d-l~~~l
~~~~1
OJ~~l
31t~~l
n.aS~~l
(.\~~l
f\~~1
Rc6~F\l
n.~l
\\t]
212· I:illI"j:;
; Ii;',; il'l:
, II
!I iif I'
"Ii i
]i i'! i
I Ii." 1
; n1
i Ii I
, ! If.j t
i, I
1 I I', I. iI', II'
!I· I:,Ill" ! :,'~ i i
· ! 1/;...i
: iiiIi:~ ;:
, ::·1' '-i
I
il. !
· I:I I",
1.- Ij I
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t\"" ..'
215
~~r.t-('J:\' ~~~~~I1.p:P\·~~·G~·r:f~:z:..·~\n.Et~~1
a:~I:l,\ (t,~~'ql I'\~(lt.~\
To a~pear as a r~al o~e j 1~iE:c~;~3t';~iJ:,q\ %~·J4~·Ulrz.·L;to hIde the reall ty,':l th !~q''iJ 3J91~~~·.q1an a :t~fic ial appearEllc e :1\to mIX up ,
I're, knead; to ~C'lHder; to \,~qn,a.r~tXi~·~19~~·t4(.l,~·~q,·I41sta~p or tr(J~ down
To be COIT.pleted; to be Uir..z~'''~:~rl'1)~·~n.~-~·a;(,.·qla5~.q131~4included; to finish; to \t"~~·I.\1 ~L(~·~~~·~I:l:z:..:<l·£..llterminate
To s7nd off or to ser:-d ; \_·~qn,~·~~!f1~·L:ll ~9=-·ql~"·~~cto dIspatch; to put In ~~·Q.~l:f]·I.\1or to insert / ~
To be mistaktn; to beconfused; to fall ina wrong track
To be hoarse v0icej tob€co~€ one's voice bad
To hang down; to ':>c 1 eft ~:c..~~c:.·1;1n..~·C\EZ~lql~~.~\
To trickle UO'o'm; to drip %~<\~rl\~9·Ltn..3{·n.GG·ql
MEANING
To reci te mantras; to re- '~~~'~9~-l'~Gl ~J:.:q,peat or mutter mantras,etc.
~~~lC\_
~~~1, ..~~~l
Ef~h\l
-'~~~1
q~~l
Qr(~l
TENSES
'::[i{~~~l
"-'-.:..r~Gl~l clll~'--... I
~(Z::::~1 ::r::z:: -1 q~~'l1=,........ ~ t
r -..c g(q1<q~ll~l j::ql......... ,
PI. ('"',,\~'~1 Pr. '\~l
1 ?~q~l i (.\~gl
t{~\ ~E(~l
~lc\,.-
~~;:(f\l
..... - '''-
~=f,1 ~~~~\
~~1--.c
~E(r1J~1
214
i: i;
, ,
Ij
!
Ii I! I
II :I: .
Ii :I: I.! i:! !
1-' .
, !~ ;
; i
2lf TENSESMEANING 217
~~~~1(~)i q'(~l
nt:01'011 I ~f~lI
,~'0 do; to act 'q,\z;;:q1~Z\ql
To love; to be amicable ~:qC\a·r~~n:rr·~\ql~\ql
To speak; to say ~~ql ~~l
'1'0 dispute; to quarrel; f~~~gz:.:qQ.ar~t~~'\~l ~z:rr..J1to fight; to struggle 1~~qM'~O\z~l
To srnil e; to part the ~l;·:::a\·~\t.lllips slightly ITo climb up; to as~end ~~q~.ql ~~·1·~~~·1'"'l·n.E:.trt·~1or to walK up
To be ashamed j to hesitate; ~i;'.q\ ~1:t1'~'gJ;ll~u:i'"'l.~~~~~q]to avoiu
'1'0 corne together or to n..-t:~"-~·~·CR~·~~ql~t9~·~1get together; to assemble I
I
To tell .lie~; to sc:y oomet~~~·q\ ~·~~'~"·~l ~lf\·r.t~~rthine Wl th lntentlon of qC\on!a'~'~ldeceiving; to say the ~\~ .opposjte things
To pretenLl or disguise; ~I.t\·~g,,\ql~~·7.,p·.:Ji<1iq·~,g~qlto feign
To pUll or tuck up; to !~<\.~~t;..'X\n.~·ij"~C\1cock up
~~l
~~l...r;
~~~1
a.lE(~1
~E:.~'\l
·~Es~l
~~~1,r
~EZ~~l
n.~~~l
~{~~1
~(]
~e(~l
0-1(~1
~E:~1c.,...
q~~'l
\.\~l
Fu. ~~z::.~l Imp·~~·asZfl
~~~1 ~~~l
~
'(1
o.ll~::,~l
<N~~l
~'(~l
~E(~l
<-(~
R(~
Pro ~~\
~~1
q~~1
q~~l
~~'\lr
~col--....'
~E.~~l
n~~~l
8{~~1-"
Pt.r,~~'ql
~~~~l
. . . r C r c
[ L l . c: - f -~ it :; c: t It
~ ~ ~ - ~ l ~ '- ~
219MEANINGTENSES2113
'... -.'. '.'. , ",-~,~. . ' .. ./ ...._-:,;~;;.2.i.~~ '·N'·S" ,•. '"'" ._-----....-..-........~... __ 'I •• ' •• ' ....:-_~~.......~~........~~~::.,;.~~~.....L..__ ...:.. ......."".-:~_.. ,~
j
I!I
('\
To ruin; to dec ay; to be ~~~rQC\o,rn.E.."Ef\···t.3\t\9lI\~·l..l1
destroyed; to perish
.... ....~'o j !lfo"rlll; to rEquest; ~C\~~n.t·qn..orr.J.,~,\·'-i100.1\x.{'~'"to receive; to serve a:-~~.qt':\001·~~~·,,·~\{:~.qI(a{:j~·~ra~.q1
To be frie:;htc:.ed i to fe2I ~i\)·'Z.!1 ('l.~~~·r.Jl" .....To have at tachn:ent; to "'\~~~~zt)~·t.ll~a;~Z{]~-r~~1
long for. .:-.., - i":'i!z:. tr-"'l4 ·{\rC".~ a.r.c.l \
70 g" or sir1~c Jo','.T.; to. Del ~ ~;{ I~ .sutsi~ed or occa~e unu~r
cor:trcl
To be maimed in f~et or 1~'~4fn..E..~Q' <C\·~-l\~~.qlin hands; to becorr.e lame;to be a cr'ipple
To become one eyed; to i~~'~"~\Uo.I"l<\f;lt\·N·i~·~~·qIbe defective Olle sldeof a pair
To be or become peact..ful i ~lq'<:i:l~~'~l ~~·Gn..3r~t:;p'~\4\to subdue or to ffiakewithout
Pl. ~~l~'rl.,jl ," '\'51 ru, 0-l'~~1 ~mp,~~.~~
!
CC\1I
~~~1 (-1.~~1 ~~~l
~~~l ~~l (c\~l ~~~l
0- C\ C\ C\
~l fOil f91 ''11~\ I
~~ q~ ~~10,lTI I
~~L0:1~ ~~ ~Z11 ~zt]Z\1J",/
~~l ~~l ~~1 ~~,
~Ck\l nE.~~l r.z~o:ll ~~~1"0
~~. ~l ~ ~~1.... ....... " ~~1~~l 4\1 ~~1"'"
.... ......
"l
~~~l ~~ ~~l ~~~1-v---o.f,cr1(
-;,;- . -....-.1 ~C\ll (!.r" ~i ~~~'q'1
. I
1\
To enter or practise;follow or to go
To decay; to decline
To become physicallyweak; to become ti~id
or coward.
to ~t:-\·"l,n..s.,~.·Q·~·~~ql~~'~'Q,€'.:l~a.t'nl~~'h.t.!l.·~
~~'~1 ~l\t.l'
~~~,q l\tt0,: 'Pal ~,r £:J l\3rl\,OJili~ :t,..•••.
~Cll
TENSES\1EANING
2'0 beautify; to ornamen oiE:~'~1 ~~·r..tl
To blossom; to crow or ~.~~.~~l.J' n..~:r.:~~a.t·~~~~ld~,velop; to laugh or to 'll\ar-'\~l:\l.l\5111i1e
~ltr~n.Qr;r~r~····.f;t;l~·rlJ~······
~~1£.t'-11
~~~·~·~~·l.ll ~:~:~n.Cl1''\~ Zf\'~'to keep in a place; toleave or give up
To enter or to undergo;to dismount
To consider; tc be inaccordance with
-..r-
~!c1~~1
c9~
~C9Zfl~1
~~~l
C\.
~~~
ztl<9('1~l
lfJ~~
~~lfj~l
l:i~~l
~
z:t1~~
~ra;-rJ-11-y-
~E-1
li\~zrt~l
~~~l
~~~~I
tr\~~~\(ra;~)
~~Zl\
~~l:llZ\1[
q~~\
To associate closely;to stay together or tohave close relation
To suck juice; to suckwith lips
To hicie; to conceal ~·~~cr~~W\·&.Il ~(\J.z::..·q~3nJ.r~'·.q~·€1J\:~(1
To ad~ise on r~ligiou? 'I::I(ajOl~·~·l;l~~·~E..at·~alIr~~r~·prac tl ce! to gIve adVIce nJ·n.E.~·E.1Q.'l::Ilijz:r~I:P'~l ~iil"~"~q"at the tlme of admiss ~ v- ~~., ~
into the higher order ~Q~'rsrq·~~·~\~l(~~·lt\~C1i~~·of Buddhist ~onkship ~~~l
To shave; to cut ~~tTj·qa.ar'tlrcp'·lql~·~cq~·~~l::Il
, ( ,( , ~
i t . ( 0F f £ [ £ ,- ~ a ~ - it ~H- e € E [ J .c ~t '- l - . ~~ - -- --' - - ~ -
222 lENSES MEANING
"t·q~~r~ fr. ~.~~~. Fu '\~.~
ll~r:\l n~~l ~~~1
Imp. ~~.~,
~~1 To journey; to set off n.~l\p::~~c;:~~.:41 ;~.ql.:,t q<a\~~p.r
~·~~ar~9~·~lf]·n.:J.·~Ill'~"·l;J~· '"
·~~~ifI~~·~i~n.r:.·9l::.·I:l~~·G1tf~·U1\~~ .~\~q~·~~{:{l.,~~~~,~~~lij'i)~1
~~C\~l ~~~1 ~~~l zr\~~~lTo be very active and ,~,qn.Ql'~~~~~r:r-g~~lattentive; to obey with- ~.
out resistance;to listeto wha*ever is told
q~~l ~~l ~~~l ~~~~l To tame; to subdue; to ",~~'~1 n-(0l~·r.tI.:["r.::r1~l:Tj~~ql; ! check or examin) to draw
n.,~'~1tightlyf; I;
~~~·~~r~~Gn,~·~\~n.i\~·[,Jlq~:Z~l 1lI~~\1 ~~~l 9~~~1To strain or filter; to1
purify; to shaveIII~~·l.l~~·~&\~1II
I' q~~~l ~~ ~~l ~1 To melt; to digest ~"'~'~~~'r~~ql=!~·~~r;;tlI'.\
,j
" "i~ l1~~~·1 ~~~,'1 ~~~'1..
~'o rise; to erect; to ~~t{l~9'~1uFl::R~~:~n,Ol·~'·Gn.·~l'~ zg~~~l make. .I i
if ..... ... '. ... To take; to eat; to put ~<iiG\~~r.t·~·a·~n.~·~·t.ll: I.
::::~~1 z::Jlc=\~1 zql'C\~l ~~~l' i ~ on or wear
,I ~~~~1 ~~l q~~l ~~~J To ride; to sit on a ~'~zt)~'ra;-0)-11horse, e'tc.
~~~~\1...... y- -v---',r. : Gl~~l .q~~l z:f\ \c\n.l h:\., To cause to dismount or ~qq~·~~·!.J1 ~rn;C1.I~~~~·!.J1
descend
Zlrcf~il ~~-v-
~~~l~lc11 'To milk, etc. l(forn.~:q·~~~1
TENSES MEANING 225
~J;.'~n..~,'qln..E{4't.11
~·it'itq~·n.e:.~ql ~"~<l)zq~'q\
To say or tell; to speak n!{.~;ql ~·qn..~·n..~~·~1
To be careful; to be ~a;gqn..31·@J\·'41 E("'1~'~'~1;J1alert
To vanish; to disappear
To shun; to be ashamed;to hesitate
To harm; to be harmful l:l'\~~~.m.(}l·~·.q\
To close; to shut up
To be pricked in; to bean object of blame orgossip ,
To bristle; to be disorderly
To reach; to touch orto fallon
To be hung down
To fall down; to dri p It~~z::qa..ar~e.:.~·~l
To end; to finish; to be iJll~·tf] ~~qleroded; to be exhausted
To itch
" "-~~~1 (C1.,~~"
~~~1
1ll~~~1
e:-.
Imp'~~'as9
=l1~ztl~,
=1~1
~~~1C\.
~z::.~ I
~~~1
Q,~~l
~~·1
~l
q~~
,~7:.l1
~~l
~?£.3-11
~~1(3-lE:.~J~~l
zt)~<11
~iql
Q~~l
Q~~l
~~~l'\"(:t;)
~~l
~~~1
~r'S~l
=1)
r.u(~
~(~l
n.E(~,
r'\~~'
Pt. n\~·'l:.31
=:\\
~ If,I
,Ij
iIII i, II I• Ii IIt:
\ ', I
HI!!!
rr i
[ .
Ct
To cause to bristle; to l\('~~·~J=3"'~~~~Q.i~ra)"lJ~·~'"cause to be disorderly ~~~ ~
To, harm; to hit; to aim 9a;~q~~·n..~Q\~~~l ~'~lfor hitting ,
To raise somethine; for ~}Iffl.,\.t::l'3-l"l41 ~1:ll:l-,artCN·~IIf)¥\I..In.~·hitting; to prepare; to ~~Igive
To see; to look; to look r\ ~~~q, ~f~~~'l{}i~~l~~oafter ~~r.:l:Il
MEANING 227
~·f\.Il:f\·~·z::tl ~.ql
~~.~\ al~~·.q~~l
~n.P=tl
~~~'~9'ql~c..~~ZfYl.31
~o.ql 3a;;p:~1
I~~.q·If\:2r;r~~\ ZIl"i"il°l.ll
To become intoxicated;to get drunk
To eat; to have food
To cause to hang from;to cause to suspend
To put up one's best;to do carefully
T~ hold; to keep
To cause to fall down;to cause to go downfreely
To eat; to have food
To sleep
, '
~.:;_.~.r ".0~~~'~~~"'~_"'._i~~,,",-L~~~~~..... ....:..._...... -._.;~.~ -..;.... I-~~~-"'--'-'''''' .......~ ,.hO_.
,t , '! .\<C~"'<_"~'._"":":'-;~'';/:\i-':;;'-:' "
\',. " -c~"" :,;~ •• _ / ••• :, .:" "4" (~ _:. ,.. ' ,':. ..;.;/ .~ - . "'. ", <' ;.:.. :-,'~~....~-_ .......-.L..~ .. "..j
Il
t226 TENSES
Pt.C\,\~·~' Pro '\5\ ' .....--Imp. -a'04-J;~:FU'~'~'~l
~~~l ztl~~l ~=1~1 lfl~~,q
~t~~l ~~1 ZI)~~1c-,
lfl~Zfl~l
~ 0-, ~ ~
Gl~~~l zt1~~1 ztl=3~~1 l:{P~~~1
q~l41 q~~~l 9::\~ 2:il~~~1
~3<\~1 ~~1 -z::l::l11 ~"'~l
q ::P::l1 ~~ql l:fl::\ql ZIl=lz::J~l
,
; n-~~~li t:l~=\1 z:tr~~l I~P~~~lrrI, Iii I ~~~1
-..r-I ::\) q=t~l ~~1II I ~ c-, 0..,
q~,~~\ q=Jl G~lI
I ~ <=\q~l
~
I"l:l::l~~l z:t1::ltz'l Zf\ ~z::.~l
I l! Co. ~ ~ ~
q:::!~~\ ~~l <q~~1 ~~~~1
~~~'l ~~l ~~'1 ~Z:::~1
- : ~
~, i" ,'c, .i~
TENSESi1
!
i -v--Imp.,~~-dsl:tli Pt.l\\~·~1 PC. '\~l Fu. arG\~~1
I ~~'\l ~~l q~:\l~'~1, 'r ,'"q~l (:\~'\1 ~~~l :;j~l
229
~~~~arolfl~O'1"I:~1
~'(~~\t\..\«trr·rn.r£.Z\XJo.~·{\n.(~~1
theand
MEANING
To repeat; to ~osame thing'agalnagain
To stretch one's' handfor begging; to holda bowl for alms
To cause to shun; tocause to be ashamedor to hesitate
To bear; to tolerate or ~~~~~~\~l ~~~Iendure
To make; to .,anufaeture ~"i"1 ~-"1
To recite; to I'epea t ~''41 i,CI]
To pour in; to question j ~·t.ll n.~·Z:ln.a.l·~:~~L11 ~\~~..to interrogate Sf\t.:ll
To brine together; to ~3fr..tl ~~~a..~·~~·>:.tlconclude
To turn out; to return; ~"'IQ.' ~"~~J41 o.trl~·"C,jQ..OJ-.r~'r..tlto get rid of
To avoid
r
oy--
a:,~l
~\
~~~1
~CJ-1<0l1
~~~l
Z-~1
~~~l, ....
ZfI~~lQ~~~l
q~~l.....,....
q~l~~~J
q~~loy-
q~~<l)~)
"'y--
~~l ~1 ~~1
~~~~1 ~~ zq~tf)l
~~~l ~~, ~o-ll
~l\l~J ~zt"\ q[~
q~~1 ~~1 -i ~l
Ij
~,
230 TENSES MEANING ~I 231
; 'I Pt. ~l:\~·l:11 Pro ~~1 FU'~'~~l Imp.~~~~11.
~' ~q~l ~&:::11 ~~l ~~~1To be collected; to close ~~l ~~w..I\ n.~~r'-l'~~r.3'
- ~ior shut; to collect
~~'\l ~'l ~~I ~~~l To make humming-sounds ~~'{~'~l~~'",~·cw-·.q~a.1~':P.JI.or to hum; to make noiBe;to become noisy
-yo-
~1 CS::-~1.........
~z:.:~\ (l.~·l:l1 ~~r.l\~~l f:\~~l To come; to become; tobe possible
~~~1 --- r:(c\1 ~~lC":\~\ To become deaf ~.~.~~.~\
n:-~1 ~~l ?\~lv- become suitable; to ~Cl\t"41 n~9'ql n.~~~·ql~·ql~~1 To
j 4 be fitted: to be eJigible
,. i
j
1I
! ~
i
232 TENSES MEANING
To strew; to scatter; C\if""1:Ilo..':!l~~·~l~·Ql~'nrZ\lto sprinkle; to fallin drops
1"Co. ~To canali ZE or channe ; ~'~'J:l~~0\J..l' l:{Y9E::\C\~£.l·~1
to become or be sleepy
To be i~le; to distract~0l...~·U1Z::l::11<'1-~,ql ~~~.~!'¥\ ..one's nllnd froID; to lOE£ c,.,\'"t'l..l~q~·as~~·~lone's attention
To hide; to concealont's self
To be
To gather; to heap up \~""1 ~".:"1To wand er; to roam about ;~~lt'1f.l,rJP~l~l41fl·(:l.~:t:.'qlto be dispersed; to besca'tteredTo diminish; to vanish; ~a.1~·c..!I~·n.~q,31·'f(,,~~~·qlto di sappear t.4~·J:ll
To be beyond lim!tatiore C\l\~t:ll ac2n-·u.l.~·Z4~·~a~3{C\~1to b8 endless ~t1.I~-n..tr'jorql
i
Fu. :::I.1-M~'1 Imp ~U"( • """'.........,, '~n.t.'d:ll{)Pt. ~,\~'~l Pro ~~l
. I
To be cleared; to bewi thcut; to be sleep-less
, , , , ,t- c-
o r ,~
t_ [ ~ t- ::i • ~ t ::i " t
234
Pt'~~~~l
-..c--
tt.11
Uf~'l
i(l,\1
at~~l
Pro ~~l
~
i{l~'f
-ut~l
~1
itJn:tl
TENSES
Imp. -Z1~'fi!;~y-
Ull~~'l
Uf'\1-..r-U-13-l~1
-v--
U-1N~l
~Cl-t~~I
~~zq~l
ii!
235MEANING
To COllIe; to become; to ~'~l o,.sfcrJ:.llget ..
To be with; to have C\~Jt\1 3:\~~'~~1To be unsteady; to move o..ti',·ql wa;r~<J-l~S:~lunsteadly
To pass or cross lim!ta ~,,~ql iZ\~~·tiiC14·J::lltions
To itch; to suffer from :=r~qr~e:t'G' ;:.r~If[N,ql ~~~--itchy diseases ~o-.3rltltz.1~ql~u..t~a{\~\~·r31ar-:~l
To wave hands; to wave; l\.llfl·~Ufq·~l ~q'~~~~lR~9~"to give signal with a 1:I.\n..at·~~·l:l.\417'GIhand
To itch; to suffer from ~·~lt\·~·~l :a.tI;:§~·o..P'Gl ~U-\O\~fitchy diseases
To borrow; to lend; to i~I:.1~~~t\Cl,P.\·~O\~l~~l ~O\nfOihire; to give or take ~a;~Cl.,ar<1l~l:\lloans
~u.]P-1~'e--
~tl-ltfJ~l
G)~~~1
~u..t~'l:\C\
-qu,jzq~l
~~~~.
To yawn; to gape
To hic.cup
To Bwing hands, etc.
~'Gl f,~,\~ql
~ ztt~·~~"qn..~-~.Q' 1:.11
N~·J:.\·~~·~~lt\·~'
To make somethig crooke ar~~~~~la..~·~~~"X.ll
To avoid; to go aside ~~~l '~~l
To kn~ad; to make paste ~ql ~""'-;l:IIC\~c.·~\ ~'~1 ~,to bOll or to cook; to ~~~ \ -q - e.-~'I:.{lchange; to move ''\3''
23'7MEANING
To be active; to become ~'I..\' et\~~q:ID\x..tl nY"m'Q lconscious orto be awak.en ...\-~I,
to surpriseTo forget; to be idle; ~~·qc~r~\l'\~\~'04~~~1to be lazy ~u.J~ql 7'
To cover; to put on 8 aSq~·f..t, ~iJ.\~-ql ~1J\q, ~iift\t'~lone; to serve to put on 't\u..t~&C\qlto serve
To involve in adultery; ~~~'~G,~~~~'~~~lto rave voluntary sexualintercourse wi.th a marrieperson
To be acquainted with; ~'~J ff:q l ~~·Zi'to become stable; to be ."firmTo cause to be idle; to ~~.~.~~~.q,~,\qll\~Cndistract '
~J1. .:~ ...._...~...,;,..":..,.:.~ .. ;;;.,, ·t:1..\,;&!.o"::~~ , .•• -d •.~~...~~,.:,
\I
\236 TENSES
Pt. n.\~·'G1 Pro ~Jl FU'~~~l Imp·~r·r~~
~~~~l ~~~l ~~~l '~"~l
~~'~1"- "-
~tl;l~1 "~~~'l Zf\t.q~~l
l\\~~~1 '" "99~1"-
Z\')U-l<311 ~~CN~1I
'\.,j "- '"j If\~~~1 '9u.l.:l\1 '" "! ~u.t~l ~~~~l
" '"~~04~1 "9~r1.11 ~~(1.11 "~u-lC"lJ~1
-v--~t4z:q~1 ----9~Z411
.....- --.,--z:tlUi GIl Zll~ zrt~l
1~u:r~'\1
....,- -...r-
~~~l 9tl4~1 ~Ui"~~l!I
v- --~U4Oi~,J ~r~n~q-y-. -.r---
~tl.;Jn:Jl ~~0-1~1
9ur~1 ~Uil ~~T --~U-l~1I
, -L ..
r -i _
- -':) :_,~~~;,;·:-i{<,·". rq;.'i.,:
238 TENSESMEANING ~~\
239
--- Imp. -%~'aszt}PI. r.t.\~. Z4' Pro ~~, Fu. ~'f:\t;~l
~Zfl ~~ ~~ ~ZflTo get; to obtain ~\G' tt-if~,
~z::.~l ~~l ~~'l ~~~lTo appreciate; to be ~~~z:.:Gl ~~·z::tl af~'1:41 ~~n.:qldeliehtfulj to be cheeful; to I'ejoice
~~l.' -.r-~~~1 ~~1 ~C3i~1 To be suitable; to suit ~~~'~l ~~'~l
~~~1 ~G41 ~~1 ::l\(1.,1~1 To be torn; to be 11.!!~'q, ~~~~\ ~'~1scattered
~C\ C'\ e-...
-\~·l.r~zq~r~ r.l..3f.lf\C\~.~,~l ~1 ~1 To value; to be worth of~ C\.
~l ~1 ;~~.~, ~~.q, n-~~ql~Zf\l ~~l To understand; to·comp-rehend; to apprehend
-~~1 ~~1C\. C\..
~lt1~1 -'-\1:f1~ To be allowabJe; to be ~~~l ~~~"~l ~lt\'~1permissible; to be suit
~
~~1C\
able<::\~"~11 ~~Z0l1 ~~~l To be in hurry; to ..... .....
~(l.l·~·&\~1 '~"~~~~qlhastene..,
~1 ~1 ~l~~1 To grow weak; to be ~01~'~1 ~C1f~1deteriorateC\
~1 ~l ~~1~Cl1~1 To fall; to tumble down ..... ~
(1..~I1l'.q, ".<'4"Q1
~Zf\~\ ~~ ~~. ~~~l rr·o get togetf:er; to IQ~~~·J:.11~~~1~~·~lf"\·g,,\·r.tlassemble; to bend down ~~~
~~'J ~~'l ~r;'I, ~~'I To be permissible; to be l;lt\'~n-~l~~·l.ll((f°G1 ~'rif"~lserviceable; to be eli-gible
24·1MEANING
.....To cut; to shave 9~,\t..ll l"'~~·t41
· id or stiff; ~~t:rCfiIt\~'~l~~l ~~'\'q~G~'i~ ~~~~:er~~rd or to (?,~~qlbecome untamable
C'..'1'0 be ~~l
To concentrate; to try ~'~'~~'~1qt~'~~'g~~lhard
To enjoy with food or ~~'~nrql ~~(l.r~"'t·qldance; td dance
To c orne out food thro~hs~rarr~t;).q~~~~e.t.l ~'\.~one's anus wi thont di- ~1t\·~·~·~~·~·n:~~~\C-ltgesting;to cause abor-tion
To feel proud; to thinkone's self superior; tofeel self-satisfied
"1: . ~r;:.·e.tl ~oq'~~'To join; to get together; ~~~1~ Cl\~ J:Jl ~ \to collect; to unite or ~~ql ~.~z:.t't.l'to group
to go ~~''',rCfir:n~~l i;:.lcn·-SZif~~_·~lTo get rotten; ~ '\ 'Q,\bad .
'1'0 expect; to have a ~~'~~~1 ~q1hope
To touch; to reach or 9"t.JlX..~'~'tl.J:.1' ~qlto attain to
...... "~'l~~
~ZlI
~~~l""~~~l
~~1.......
~3-l~1
?(~~\
~~~l
~~1
~~1
~1
~~
~~~l".:l\~l
TENSES
PI. ~l:{'~'ql Pro ~~1
~q~l ~ql
240
~~~l ~~1
~1~~~),
I ~1I" ~ZlI
i~~I" ~~~1~tr\~1
i ...... ........,
~~~1 ~~.,
"" ~~1~~l~
~3l1~a-l~l
Z~~l-v-~~1
~~1 ~~
-.(
~~l~<3--l~1
l _ rl
c r c- · :0 it -
" :0 ~
- '~-
~
-
c ~ ·- "-
It,,:·,, .,.Ii
To des troy; to demolish; :l.('CN~-q,f"ZJ.l ~lfJ·r.l1 C!'ja:~1,J1to lose; to crush or to .grind; to harm
To make wet;. to cause to ",~".q'"~~1~O\~"(.l.~.~,become wet; to 'da~p
To bless; to control; to ~a;~~'~l ~q~~l,ql'\~'~~'~~influence ~cp·J"'~~~l
To pollute; to influenc i~~1 ~~·41 ~~~1
242TENSES
Pt.Q,~~~1 Pro ~~1 Fu. <Jl'2(~~1 Imp.~f:l.l'~Zf]
-- ~~lG~!t\~l ~9 ~~tt"j
-v-
~~lG~~~l ~~l ~~~l
r~~~~1 ~l ~~ql ~g~l
q~~~l ~~1 l::t~~l ~~~1
,I~~~1 ~l q~l
C\.
'! ~~~1Ii!i
~~~ ~~ z:t~tf\I ~~~lI "'",I'II
"
I
MEANING
~o be steady; to makefirm; to deepen
To make closer in friely relation; to makefriends
243
":P~:t,:~~r.Jl q~iljifn.~~·~,~tl-ifn.~·
'4Q..~·i'q%\~~~l
~~~@,I:\T41 {~qr..tl
,
U'w.:.~,>,;.,·;,,",," .J:. ~.~.~.~.=-.,:.....~~, ii',;,,!.·.. ·... ;..;.;.III '~'".~~'"":.L....~~~~": ....
C:l: l\':;
247
. -. .~
: .. ~- '- ~~:..""-"-_ -~'- ...;.~~..;~.".:.. ..~-,~
?4~~-q, ~~l ~ryqn,arn..~Q.l \f~ql
'f~~,rGl
~ni(~t:;\\ ~O\31·n..~q~~q-~ql
~~'fl'~Ci1~~~ql ~~'~1
MEANING
1 r J cJ
To be loosened a dog,etc.j to lose; to bestolen; to escape orrun away
To go; to proceed; to{;i ve up; to know'
To comb; to brush or to ~~~L\' .,~~qlcurry
~'o rIse; to start ~ar~~·~q,a,~'c\~zq~'~l
To harrow' . ~'~~"'4~z::r~~'~'
To die; to end one's life()..~,qn..~·n,~l~·~~~f~ql
To whisper ~~.-&X\~.qp.3l~~'~\
To drip through ~(~qn,Ol·~~·-q~~·r.t]·~ql
To be virtuous; to be ~~.;q\ ~'t\~·q:~:~",·ql.q~~·~lauspicious
~
~'o whisper 4\q·L\~~q~tl·ql
To understand; to know; §9~,rql <H~q\~'iifqlto comprehend
,To have room in; to have ~~--1,.ql n.~qlcapacity of; to be ableto contain
c 1j
1
I,
= l' '::
~ - /'i. 'j" it '.I. .
_ 1" ,
'. -... -'•... , ...
TENSES
Pc. Z\~l FU'~'~~l Imp'~nr~~
~~1 4~1 --Il~l
~~"~1 ~~~ ~~~l
~~l ~~ 4~'\1
~£lC\.
~c"\Ci)1
~~1 '4~1C\.
4~~"C\,
--fl~1 ~~~1~~1e-.. C\
4~1--fl~l ~~l
~q1 -(1~1 ~9~1
~~l ~~l '""4~1'Y- ....,...... --..f1~·1 ~~I 4~~1
~Ml(~~)...........
~~ll~~)~~\
4'\1~~\
~~'\l
41C\~q~,
~~~l
~l
~q~l.......
4~1
~~~l
246
J = 3 - ] -
TENSES
i!
III .,
IiI
2 its
Pt.~~~·ql
9~~~1'"9--'~~1
~4lt1
z::\~~~l
z::\'I~r::~1
pr'l:\51'"~~\
~1--.r-
9~~
~cx>~~l
It\'4~·1
,Fu. ~'(\~~1
zrt4'l"'-
~~1
~"'9~
'9~~~1
~~9~'1
Imp, ~n.t·as~.......
~~~~l"'-
~~~l
~49~1
n..ct)~~l
~-f\~~l
i.;-
MEANING
To get wet; to moisen ~O\q·n,~~qa.~·~cliq%;~~t~.J:t",ql
To scold; to abuse; to J::l.rttn:~9~r:..:l:\1~~\~·ql\3t'«]-4'"blame with angry words ~1'99J:;,'ql
To chop wood;'to cut into ~9.J!\~r~~3r~'q\~o.l~~~~•.halyes or into piec es c.<\<N·l\~~ql
r.l'o confess; to lay one' s ~·~~9~·~n..~·~~·ql ~;q~~~'"heu.rt open and speak t!.qCl,.it\'~'~~~~~r'1.\.q\
'1'0 increase the inside ~q~'zq"1,qlfl~·~,~~·~~~qlC ~city' to enlarge the '" "' ~'a Pc: ' . ' q-.Q~zrn:;,'.q...<l'.q'<;J''S;Iz:n'qu:, 'm~'J::l.linside capaclty; to dis ,'I -I~ 'I ?~I 1- ~~
charge urine and excre-ment
~·ql n.if\~l.\l~~.q,~'~~'Z4.~..•
~J:l~'i\~·~~O\T..\l 1:!J~·~x.tl
To speak; to tell; to ~'q,l n.~,\'4\ (~q,mention
" I-\.-
, •• -of· j-; . ....-...i. ",
251
~'~~~'~~3\'~~~r~r~~~'Z41o.~Cf\~·~~·"l~~·~~n.~'l\·ql
I
i
. ..To pass on or to pass &:q~.q...q~r~,<q..(cll~r.g'\r..tl ZfI"'G~'~l
t . by 1- and . '\) ~round; 0 gl ve . 1 .' az:-:~....q'tl'~f,.qlto pass on somethlng 111-, ~"\
ternally
To rub; to applY fricti ~,;ql ~~I.tll:l1~.q-<1\~z:..'z:l,1to
To larr.entj to shed tears ~n.~~·~1~..q~o.t'~.~.~qJ
MEANING
To loosen knots; to set ~~\~4~'~1 ~~~·.qlfrEe
10 cause to associateclosely; to make tostay together;tG ~eto line up
'1'0 kill; to put to death ~r~~R31·lll~'\r..tlor to slaughter
To destroy; to br.eak to ~~~·c.(·~~·qlf~t.1.~~·~·qlpilcf;;s .
-4-I
1!
I
l
Imp, ~<1.l.~lt)
~""9~1
~
~'~1
pr'l\~1
q~~l
C\
~~~
~~
~~l
TENSES
.qi1~~1
~~~l
q~3-\~l
250
~J.'o burn slightly nt:w ~;r~·~·~~·~,ql arq~"~fl:\'~rcloth in order to smooth ~
dQwn or clean
To follow the' track of; q~~·ll.:l~·.qf~~1€..~~~'~~'41to track
253~l
MEANING
To t ranscri be; to peel
To check; to count forchecking
To postpone; to feellazy
To prepare food; tospill water; to makelove
TENSES?52
Pt.~\~'fZ-:lJ r. ~51 Fl!. ~'2(~~1 Imp. ~~'cErt1
~~~~1 '!\~~1 ~~~\ 41\1~~1
~~~~1 ~O-ll ~'\1~1 ~~~1
l:1~~~1 41 ~~l \t~l
"" g~~l 4~~1~--'4~~1 4~
-...-ZQ~l 40i~1l:!~~~1 4~1
-y--.
q"'4~1 ~4' ~~ 9~~1
i.
: i,
,i, i j
~ i·, I., I, ,i IIIj
II I!;
I
,.!i.-r,,}
,. ,
: I
EL. _ , =
t.. -------'
11J
254 TENSES
255MEANING
'I'o wake up; to give up ~~~z:..~rx-r~·~~E.t1~Cl\;;f,,~.~,~.~'~~~ql
To wake up; to rega~n cor ~r.~·"'4~··~.r~X-tlq~ai~~'~.:r;:~"'EiIsc iousness; to. es~~.mate ~~'~~X('~"?l~.;t~~~'~l
To merge; to be pricked A..~·~l n,~ZfJ'~lin
To reach; to recei ve; to ~~l ~~qlobtain
'1,'0 eo~~'1
~~~l
Fu. or~z:::.~l Imp'&C"4'~9
~z:::.~l ~'~l
To recover from
e-To be possi ble . ~'&~'~~'~,\l.tl
'I' 0 cling; to be attached ~~141 ~"(~·~~~'~·I..tlto
To become or be visibl e o.l~t41 ~,qlto appear
To reach; to arrive
To hide; to keep a secret
To listen; to hear
......
~t:J~1
....".--
~~Z:::~1
ztl~~~1
~~~~1
.....
~ql
~~z::..·l
Zf\~~1
~~C":41
......
~ql
~~~'l
~~1
~~Q11
.....~q~1
~~~~l
if\~~~l
~~0..\~..\
tL.."~.~,;, ~'
~ - - ,~_._,- ,-~~~-:~-,..........; '---";''='~---'-"""":'~~~-=-'--l.o~
" 7;,"
"~~,,,,,,","""-._~~~~~,;:;,,,.:....:,.-,.~.~~ l;;., "..-~':. ~':"<+~:"''''~~_4.:..:-a:..~i :~-._-~:~ '::, ·_~i"': .:. ..__-_...:-_......_~.:-., ....: ~"_:J ........~~...:...:-~~,,-..~.
256TENSES MEANING 257
To say; to speak
To be alive
To sound; to make sound n.if~·ql ~'~~~~~I
~1f\a.:'q~~q~~·~~'~ll\U\~f
~~8\~'tl~~'ql~1..·~ql
To save; to keep or to ~~Itl'~IfI~1\,"q1~~Jrr~tQ.~~ql Sfq'preserve; to collect llj ~":ql,' I" ~
To cause to wake up; to ~~~~~~,·q;~:~\r.tl ~tc..·~···clean or remove fil thy ~·~1%lf)·r..j·~~"1:l1matters
c-,
~~~\
6;
~~~~1
'~~~~1
9~~~1.....---
Z41~9~1
~~~1
Co\
ztl~Nl
c.,
9~~1
~~~1........
9~~1
~~l:fj
q~~l
Pr. ~~l
D-
~~\
C\.
zt'\~~l
9~c..·1
zrt~~1
9~~
t::..
Zf\~n.H\'
o
9~nl~1
41~~~1...."..
'9~0f\'
~~7:f\~1
z::l~z:..~1
To kill; to put to death ,!i<1l~~'~1 trt~~I.In,orn.~~~~l
To waste; to m~ke no use ~~~~~'r..jl ~z:.·l"~~'ZIl~·qlof or to use w1thout a \ 7'good purpose
To re pay; to amount ,th e ~'D..l'\'~~'~~c:p-lC1.iJrl'\E-,.l'lt·ql ~·,f;z::.:required Dll1lbeIB or parts Q:%\-~~-~I
as to make complete .ones
To think; to consider q~~~~~~~1
To get ready f?r substi '3l·&1t\·~o..~·\N~-~~:t.:'~\ql~~qn..a.t..tute; to subst1tute ~~~-a~~l
'1'0 wipe off; to remove; ~cl.rz~~~·~-t.·~l (\.E..zt'\'l.\l ~~&.jlto sepo.rate
,~
-t c ,
- , i .: i .: t'. ~
i' .-.. '..k .... . . ..... ' .l··:r·~-;': ;/:w ..i~~~;",_~,~,,;":'~":' ...,_--~~~_~~_.~'~/'i1L.~_.:.··.;:.,2.......~~ ...:........:.........:. ...._.
- r " ..
258 TENSES MEANING
Pt.~~~·~, Pr. ~C"'~,
c- C\
~<-~\ ~~l
e-.. I "-<\~~C\(~~I ~~~1
~.
FII'or~~~, Imp. ~~'~l{'l
~ ~
~~~\ ~~~,
To distil beer, etc.; to a;z;.·il'f9~·~·q~~·n.a{~'lI'l \r:...~"seep through or to 00 ze fPq~''''rl'''141out; to filter 7 '~
To cut hair; to wash or ~~·~~~·.q~·~~·lfj~'\~I~q~·~~~·clean feet, etc.; to take q~Cl.l·z:r"'·· .'W (\off one I s shoes etc' to 5~z;:ql~I:\r-P~al; ~~'.q~l4'q"
, .,,,, :>e:: .~cool ·Ct{lCo\~1 ~Z\.·~'·~\l.{1
6
To irrttate ~~~~~~~~r.tlt!~if~~4~···-··'n£~'~l
To ~I'as e; to clean a.'.'ay; ~~n..on::!q·~1 n..'\.ztt~'~\l.\' ~'%41to hide; to stop (l.lf\~yx.tl
To shut up the mouths of f·~~·L.il r.:r~·~~~·~~·,!~·41bags. etc.; to close
To a8~ort. wool, etc.; to ~f4'9~~'~1 'q~z:"\~~~~~z:::qlpUll In pleces
To cause to receive inone 18 hand; to cause to
·reach; to cause to bealive
~·~·~~~~·~3i~o.~zt]'"41~~~~It\'
r.t l 9~'~r.l3l'n.'f~~~·r.jl
260 TENSES MEANING
PI. R.z:::~'rI:-ll Pr.l:\'51 FU'dr~~l Imp. ~rl.l'~~_.~~~(r4) ~~1 (l::l~) ~~~1~~~\
~ll:tl ~l z:l~1 ~1
~~~1 ~~'1 z:t~~l ~~~1
z:l~~~1 ~~1 z:t~~1 ~~~l
...... i'~'F::::F':";\.' ~~l ·~~~1 ~z:t~l-~ -.. "' I.
0.. e--. c... c-.,
z::P;::1~~l ~~'l ~~~'\ ~"~l
C'.. e-. C\ ~
"Z.7l~~1 ~1 Z1~1 ~~1
z::\~~~1 ~~'1 ~Z:::l ~~~,
~~C\~.l ~~1 ~~~1 ~~~1
~~q~~ ~~l Z:}~l::1' ~q~l
:q~n.1~1 ~~\ 21~n11 ~0-1~1~
... "' ~@jZf\ "I::I~~~l ~l:T1 ~9~1
,[L_
---ITo have rest; to C8.'..lS e to r::,~·n7tQC\~;z:.n..1·~~·@,4·E::L~~'~'~"lI rec 0 ver; to resto!'e, "I "l""i<"!!,\41 <;',"'......",To make durable; to flrm ~f-l.~I:\l·if~(,.P·-ll E:\;~·ifn.:{l'4·~1
To straighten; to make itf~,ql ~~..q:l\·gl:.\~lstraight
'10 endure or tolerate; to ~:,~i\ql ~;~x.t~2~ql ~'q~~'l:\~lfirm or make dur-able
To thin; to narrow; to 1Z:fJ::l'~''%"''''z:l1 ~'q~'~~ln.,\~.t...l""_"
clean ~\""'I
To elongate; to send; to ~~~'£~l ~~q1 'itI~~1throw away ~ ~
To stir' up; to turn away \~ztY~(\3-\'~~lql ~:l\:.ql
I To cause to get rotten; ~~~t"l,,~~·~o..~~nl·.q,-g~ql.Q)~·Z-1"'"r to wear away ;t\E..l'1l..o:j·~t4·~~~·Gl
To burn; 'to roast ~lt\'~'(:1~~'~1 ~'~~l:£}'~l
, - ,it - t - - -
., c ~~ - ~ ~ C! It :: Ci
>, :',~~-Ol >:<$\~'< ..~'f/;:' ',-.. ,_ .. !.. ';,.,
262 TENSESMEANING
~~'G1 o..<il~q1.:l1~:r.:l:ln.ar~~.:aS~t:'r,g~l:.11
(&'~\ ~.~, ~~'~n.~lt\'14\
~~(\~'~'~'l\ ~'l:l,~\ql ~ql
To adulterate; to makeimpure by adding something of less value
To accumulate; to collec ~~G' n~·qA\~c.;qc\~r~nl·ql~q-P-lJ
To raise up; to lift up ~,Gl ~~'G1
To sunbathe or to warm·at fire; to warm
To add; to mix
To produce; to hold; tokeep or preserve
-'.~Imp'~~'~9
"~Q.'~l
~~l.....-~~l
~Zil~l
FU'31'~~~1
"'"'z::l.~~1
"~~l~~
~~ltl
Z:)~~'1
q~~1
-v--
~1
~Zf\
~z:,'1 (~~:)
6:\~1
Pro ~r~1
"~~1'.~1
""'-
~~Z0:\'-y:----.
q~~:q
q~~~l
~~~~I
~~~1
[~'f~~,\'41 ~CC\,\N~rcrt4' l;1~J::l'~'
@.l,r l4M..a·r ij"~r ~\~~ '41~~,r~~9f~ql ~r...~It)l:',r~rzr·(\J;~···'
~n..ar:~r~~z:.:'\l
(t~\~1 ~if~~l;\n?r~~~u:r~lTo delude; to deceive
To make easy or to simplify; to dilute
To study; to teach; toadvise
To cause to arrive or to ~~'l1.~'.l.3\ ~1l·L.l;z;.·~~~1cause to reach ~ '\;) I "i
To cause to categorize;to include; to add
r
q~'\l
q~ql
~~l
z::l.~1
~~t:ll
<q~~
<q~~1
~~~1
"1::l~.q~,
~~~~I
~ :,'OJ•.. _,
~~':.a.Ii'..li~.....:L"",,:,:......:.. ~,-,;i;.il-;,;·:'~"'i·.J...:..'~~;'......:~.._""""-~..........:..:~~..j" ....... c', ,'.Hi -_ .. --- - . - -_. ~ d"""'~': ., - ;it"'';,,,:. " +,:- --.-.. ",- .
.; .""., - J ;.~'-, •, '", . _. _ '.."... ;... ," _, .. '. '~. _ _ '.-. . ',' _ .:':'.. . . . ..... ~:;. ..¢ '-;:':!'~'_'~" n_.",~_~._, "~':_'•• _C·~'J·_:~_' ..-•. -: -"- :~._.. ',-'"."-,-'',','.
jo--.~•.-.:.....;,~:.-:-.:..-.~-....::~.~~.~~:......-- ...~.,;...~.....~,~~.......~ ••• _:,:,{' _. = ---------~ --- -,
264 TENSES MEANING ~1~() 5
Pt~l:\.~"~l pr'~'31 Fu. ~'~~l Imp'&~'~ttj -\
7'~1 Z;~·1 5""1j To be surprised; to be Io/'"~~~oz.(l f~~Ef~ql
,~~l shocked
5>~~1 )/2::11 7Gl ~~lTo take by snatching away ~~"W\~l ;r;raq~q'~lto plunder
z;?~~1 ~~1 5~1 Y'~ITo be too fast to act; ijl'4'if)&\t{\ ~a.t,(f) ~n.Sfq1to be very hasty
7~' 'Y~l ~~1 ~~1To be very fast breathing ~zq~~'9'
~114~1 ~~l ~1141-v-
~~~lTo exaggerate; to make $~Cl:l~('1.ar~~~l:t·.ql ~iN·5.~·fl,J;~·~\o'r become spacious lines ~"ClIl"\~'~\
~M..l~1 ~~l ~n:ll ~c-t~lTo be worn out; to becom ~C\4'if~~~l:\l ~~·i:f~Zfl~·Ga.~"·too old or to d~cay ~~'Ql
" ~~l.......
~~~l~~~1 ~~'111'0 become or be s.i,nt;le
~ ~ Co.- __~, ,&>~~.rl{~~ll)·~"~'G'
" ~~1....... ..... To become
~~~l ~ <J.ll ~0-1~1 ~ dry ~~~~lfl~"'~:l:a.~~~I
~~ ~~ ~Zf\ ~~To remain as a surplus 0 ~~'C'l,~C!i~.~.q
%~~ ~~~l ~Zf1~1 ~~~lTo come or approach ~~z:1l~~~~~'41~~~~.tI')~·~lforcefu;J..ly
~~~l ~r.:1 ~~'l {3~~1 I'1'0 fall down n.(9"~CJ..~-~:z.~~ql
'~
~~~l-...r
~~~l ~~~JTo be successful; to be C\lot~~~t:ll ~zt'~~~'~~qt
~~el - ....... accomplished
; , , , -c - :.:....
-,
~ i:_ -' ~ ,.
f _ JJ _ j
"-' ..~. ".... _ ...:'.:..._~ ...:.:.: ~'_ ..>.J '__.~;:_.~i~,..:~:"_'..,~ .. .C._" _,_. _ .. _.c.~."C,,,,.:,.C" .' ., .....t':':::~"d(->:~:_ti :-.' ~).L~i·;; '.'- ': ~~ ~.~"_"""""'-"""..;L,..-..~~~~ __~---"~.....~:...w.J,,.;.~~ .... * ..........&. ..... _ ....-......:...~~~_~__ .... __ • __ ~ ..._~_ ..l: ............- .. ~-... _._ ...
~~. 26
.,fj.:l:.\ 26
~~ 26;34
~.q~ 26 ~:4
~~ 34
~~~ 34
.,~ 34
~~~ "34
~ 34
~~ 34--r-
~ 34........-~~ 34~
i~'\ 34...-.~~ 34-~z:-.. "34-
I~~ 34
~~ 26
11~~ 26~
~O-\ 36
. 40
40
40
40
. .
~3~.;:ii. ;";"'''~~}j,L,-,-,-,-"-,-,~ ..:~~~..,,,,_~, •- .: - ~, ..~ >- -: • ~ ...... -C.-~.'"" ~~~;~ ....".~~_~;,_...2 __:.-.~c'_" -....... ...:.~ ..-, .....,:~~..: ...\,;~...:.~. ~-,;..~ ...,•.~" _~.i....::, ..;i:-. __ .:.,....:>•. ~J;" .."._,'. -- -.~ ...... ; ..- ""-""""':""" '..~.. :~'.-
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~, 264
~,~ 264
~.; 264
~ z::,~ 264
~ 264
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