The Cold War4

8/17/2019 The Cold War4

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The Cold War 1945-1990US vs. Union of Soviet Socialist Republicse!ocrac" vs. Co!!unis!Capitalis! vs. Socialis!


2/31

US/USSR Relationship during WWII

• 1939: Stalin (USSR) makes a deal with itler(!erman")#

• 19$1: itler %reaks deal and atta&ks USSR#

• Stalin &hanges sides and 'ights with US and other

allies#


3/31

US/USSR Relationship during WWII

• e'ore the end o' the World War IIStalin *hur&hill and Roose+elt met

at ,alta to plan what should happen

when the war ended# -he" agreed on

man" points:

1# -he esta%lishment o' the United.ations

# 0i+ision o' !erman" into 'our ones

3# 2ree ele&tions allowed in the states

o' astern urope

$# Russia4s promise to 5oin the waragainst 6apan

.o agreement was rea&hed on 7oland#

Winston *hur&hill (ngland) 2ranklin Roose+elt

(US) and 6oseph Stalin (USSR) meet in ,alta in

19$8 to de&ide the 'ate o' postwar urope#


4/31

*old War *hara&teristi&s

• 7oliti&al strategi& and ideologi&al struggle%etween the US and the USSR that spread

throughout the world

• Struggle that &ontained e+er"thing short o' war• *ompeting so&ial and e&onomi& ideologies


5/31

#e" Concept$ %o& did the Cold War affect the do!estic and

forei'n policies of the United States(0omesti& 7oli&ies:•1# &*arth"ism

•# U;*

orean War

•# ;rms Ra&e

•3# -ruman 0o&trine

•$# isenhower

0o&trine

;&tors and writers protest the oll"wood la&klist# ; 198?s era %om% shelter


6/31

#e" Concept$ What &ere the si) !a*or

strate'ies of the Cold War(

-he si@ ma5or strategies were:•1# rinkmanship

•# spionage

•3# 2oreign aid

•$# ;llian&es

•8# 7ropaganda

•A# Surrogate wars##

3#

$#

8#

A#

1#


7/31

7ost WWII/*old War !oals 'or US

• 7romote open markets 'or USgoods to pre+ent another

depression• 7romote demo&ra&" throughout

the world espe&iall" in ;sia

and ;'ri&a

• Stop the spread o' &ommunism


8/31

7ost WWII/*old War !oals 'or USSR•*reate greater se&urit" 'or itsel'


9/31

-ruman 0o&trine •19$E: ritish help !reek go+ernment'ight &ommunist guerrillas#


10/31

arshall 7lan• In 19$E US Se&retar" o' State arshall announ&ed

the arshall 7lan#


11/31

isenhower 0o&trine• -he isenhower 0o&trine was announ&ed ina spee&h to *ongress on 6anuar" 8 198E#•It reFuired *ongress to "ield its warmakingpower to the president so that the president&ould take immediate militar" a&tion#•It &reated a US &ommitment to de'end theiddle ast against atta&k %" an" &ommunist

&ountr"#• -he do&trine was made in response to thepossi%ilit" o' war threatened as a result o' theUSSR4s attempt to use the Sue War as a prete@tto enter g"pt#


12/31

The +erlin Crisis$ ,une 194-a" 1949• 19$G: three western &ontrolled ones o' !erman" unitedH grew in prosperit" due to the

arshall 7lan• West wanted ast to re5oinH Stalin 'eared it would hurt So+iet se&urit"#

• 6une 19$G: Stalin de&ided to gain &ontrol o' West erlin whi&h was deep inside theastern Se&tor


13/31

.;-: .orth ;tlanti& -reat" rganiation• In 19$9 the western nations 'ormed the.orth ;tlanti& -reat" rganiation to &oordinate their de'ense against USSR#

•It originall" &onsisted o':


14/31

Warsaw 7a&t•Warsa& /act: organiation o' &ommunist states in *entral and

astern urope#•sta%lished a" 1$ 1988 in Warsaw 7oland

•USSR esta%lished in in response to .;- treat"

•2ounding mem%ers:


15/31

Senator 6oe &*arth" (19?G198E)

• &*arth" a Repu%li&an senator 'rom Wis&onsindid the most to whip up anti &ommunism during

the J8?s#• n 2e%ruar" 9 198? he ga+e a spee&h&laiming to ha+e a list o' ?8 *ommunists in theState 0epartment#• .o one in the press a&tuall" saw the names onthe list#• &*arth" &ontinued to repeat his groundless

&harges &hanging the num%er 'romspee&h to spee&h#• 0uring this time one state reFuired prowrestlers to take a lo"alt" oath %e'ore steppinginto the ring#• In Indiana a group o' anti&ommunistsindi&ted Robin Hood (and its +aguel" so&ialisti&

message that the %ookKs hero had a right to ro%

'rom the ri&h and gi+e to the poor) and 'or&edli%rarians to pull the %ook 'rom the shel+es#• ase%allKs *in&innati Reds renamedthemsel+es the LRedlegs#L

Cincinnati Redlegs primary

logo in use from 1954-1959


16/31

cCarth"s o&nfall

• In the spring o' 198$ the ta%les turned on &*arth"when he &harged that the ;rm" had promoted a

dentist a&&used o' %eing a *ommunist#

• 2or the 'irst time a tele+ision %road&ast allowed thepu%li& to see the Senator as a %lustering %ull" and hisin+estigations as little more than a wit&h hunt#

• In 0e&em%er 198$ the Senate +oted to &ensure him'or his &ondu&t and to strip him o' his pri+ileges#

• &*arth" died three "ears later 'rom al&oholism#• -he term L&*arth"ismL li+es on to des&ri%e anti*ommunist 'er+or re&kless a&&usations and guilt %"asso&iation#

o+ie poster 'or the ??8 'ilm GoodNight and Good Luck a%out the 'allo' 6oseph &*arth"

;rthur iller4s pla" The Crucible wason the sur'a&e a%out the Salem Wit&h

-rials# It4s real target though was

the h"steri&al perse&ution o' inno&entpeople during &*arth"ism# (poster

'or 199A 'ilm +ersion)


17/31

;rms Ra&e

• Cold War tensions increased in

the US &hen the USSRe)ploded its first ato!ic bo!b

in 1949.

• Cold War tensions increased

in the USSR &hen the US

e)ploded its first h"dro'en

bo!b in 195. 2t &as 1000

ti!es !ore po&erful than the%iroshi!a ato!ic bo!b.


18/31

Spa&e Ra&e• Cold War tensions increased in the US

&hen the USSR launched Sputnik I 3 the

first artificial satellite into 'eocentricorbit on ctober 43 195.

< The race to control space &as on.

• 6pril 13 1971$ 8uri a'arin beca!e

first hu!an in space and first toorbit :arth.

• US felt a loss of presti'e and

increased fundin' for space

pro'ra!s and science education.

• n a" 5319713 #enned" 'ave a

speech challen'in' 6!erica to

land a !an on the !oon and

return hi! safel" b" the end of

the decade.

• 6pollo 11 landed on the !oon on

,ul" 173 1979.


19/31

-he U In&ident

• USSR was aware o' ;meri&an U sp" missions

%ut la&ked te&hnolog" to laun&h

&ountermeasures until 19A?#


20/31

-he a" o' 7igs In+asion•-he a" o' 7igs In+asion was an unsu&&ess'ul attempt %" US%a&ked *u%an e@iles too+erthrow the go+ernment o' the *u%an di&tator 2idel *astro#

• In&reasing 'ri&tion %etween the US and *astroKs &ommunist regime led 7residentisenhower to %reak o'' diplomati& relations with *u%a in 6anuar" 19A1#

• +en %e'ore that howe+er the *I; had %een training antire+olutionar" *u%ane@iles 'or a possi%le in+asion o' the island#

•-he in+asion plan was appro+ed %" isenhowerKs su&&essor 6ohn 2# >enned"#


21/31

-he a" o' 7igs In+asionM• n ;pril 1E 19A1 a%out 13?? e@iles armed with US weapons landed at the Bahía deCochinos (a" o' 7igs) on the southern &oast o' *u%a hoping 'or support 'rom lo&als#

• 2rom the start the e@iles were likel" to lose# >enned" had the option o' using the ;ir2or&e against the *u%ans %ut de&ided against it#• *onseFuentl" the in+asion was stopped %" *astroKs arm"# -he 'ailure o' thein+asion seriousl" em%arrassed the >enned" administration#

enned" 'or not gi+ing it adeFuate supportenned" 'or allowing it to take pla&e at all#

• ;dditionall" the in+asion made *astro war" o' the US e was &on+in&ed that the

;meri&ans would tr" to take o+er the *u%a again#

*u%an leader 2idel *astro wat&hes e+ents during

the a" o' 7igs In+asion#


22/31

erlin Wall• In the dark on ;ugust 13 19A1 a low %ar%edwire %arrier rose %etween ast and Westerlin# Within da"s workers &emented &on&rete %lo&ks into a low wall di+iding

neigh%orhoods and 'amilies workers and emplo"ers the 'ree 'rom the repressed#• -he USSR &alled the wall a %arrier to Western imperialism %ut it also was meant to keep its

people going to the West where the standard o' li+ing was mu&h higher and 'reedomsgreater#• -he West !ermans &alled it Schandmaur the LWall o' Shame#L +er the "ears it was re%uilt

three times# a&h +ersion o' the wall was more higher stronger repressi+e andimpregna%le# -owers and guards with ma&hine guns and dogs stood wat&h o+er a %arren no

manKs land# 2or%idden ones miles wide were &reated %ehind the wall# .o one was allowedto enter the ones# ;n"one tr"ing to es&ape was shot on sight#

arl" 19A?s +iew o' east side o' erlin Wall with

%ar%ed wire at top#

; +iew 'rom the 2ren&h se&tor looking o+er the

wall#


23/31

*u%an issile *risis •-his was the &losest the world e+er &ame to nu&lear war# -heUS armed 'or&es were at their highest state o' readiness e+er andSo+iets in *u%a were prepared to laun&h nu&lear weapons tode'end the island i' it were in+aded#• In 19A the USSR lagged 'ar %ehind the US in the arms ra&e#So+iet missiles were onl" power'ul enough to %e laun&hed againsturope %ut US missiles were &apa%le o' striking the entire So+ietUnion#• In ;pril 19A So+iet 7remier >hrush&he+ deplo"ed missiles in *u%ato pro+ide a deterrent to a potential US atta&k against theUSSR#• eanwhile 2idel *astro was looking 'or a wa" to de'end hisisland nation 'rom an atta&k %" the US# +er sin&e the 'ailed a" o'7igs in+asion in 19A1 *astro 'elt a se&ond atta&k wasine+ita%le# *onseFuentl" he appro+ed o' >hrush&he+Ks plan to pla&e

missiles on the island# In the summer o' 19A the USSR se&retl"installed the missiles#

*I; map showing range o' So+iet suppliedintermediate and medium range missiles i'

laun&hed 'rom *u%a


24/31

*u%an issile *risisM • -he &risis %egan on &to%er 18 19A whenre&onnaissan&e re+ealed So+iet missiles under&onstru&tion in *u%a#

• ;'ter se+en da"s o' intense de%ate within theWhite ouse >enned" imposed a %lo&kadearound *u%a to stop the arri+al o' more So+ietmissiles#

• n &to%er >enned" announ&ed thedis&o+er" o' the missiles and his de&ision to%lo&kade *u%a and that an" atta&k laun&hed

'rom *u%a would %e regarded as an atta&k onthe US %" the USSR and demanded that theSo+iets remo+e all o' their o''ensi+e weapons'rom *u%a#

• &to%er E was the worst da" o' the &risis# ;U sp" plane was shot down o+er *u%a#

• -ensions 'inall" %egan to ease on &to%er G

when >hrush&he+ announ&ed that he woulddismantle the installations and remo+e themissiles e@pressing his trust that the US wouldnot in+ade *u%a#

• 2urther negotiations were held to implementthe &to%er G agreement in&luding a US

demand that So+iet %om%ers %e remo+ed 'rom*u%a and spe&i'"ing the e@a&t 'orm and

&onditions o' US assuran&es not to in+ade *u%a#

2rom top: *astro >enned"

>hrush&he+ and poster 'or a

mo+ie a%out the &risis &alledThirteen Days

-he Slow -haw


25/31

-he Slow -haw• nd o' WWII through -ruman isenhower >enned" 6ohnson

.i@on 2ord *arter Reagan and ush *old War N &entral'oreign poli&" &on&ern• ost 'ilm/-D +illains were So+iets or &ommunistsH Indiana

ones and the Tem!le o" the Crystal Skull# whi&h is set in the198?s# pa"s homage to the use o' So+iets as +illains#

•etter relations %etween &ommunists &ountries and the US%egan with one o' the most hardlined anti&ommunistpresidents Ri&hard .i@on# In his Bonl" .i@on &ould go to*hinaC trip .i@on was the 'irst US president to +isit that&ommunist &ountr"#

Ri&hard and 7at

.i@on (in an

appropriatel" red

&oat) at the !reat

Wall o' *hina

; magaine &o+er

a%out ping pong

diploma&" so &alled

%e&ause %etter

relations %etween the

US and *hina &ame

a'ter the two

&ountries4 ping pong

teams pla"ed ea&h

other#

*ate lan&hette as*ol# 0r# Irina Spalko inIndiana ones and theTem!le o" the CrystalSkull

-he Slow -haw


26/31

-he Slow -hawM•In 19A9 .i@on %egan negotiations with USSR on S;=- I &ommon name 'or the Strategi& ;rms

=imitation -reat" ;greement#• S;=- I 'roe the num%er o' %allisti& missile laun&hers at e@isting le+els and pro+ided

'or the addition o' su%marinelaun&hed %allisti& missile (S=) laun&hers onl" a'ter

the same num%er o' inter&ontinental %allisti& missile (I*) and S= laun&hers had %een

dismantled#• It was the 'irst e''ort %etween US/USSR to stop in&rease nu&lear weapons#• S;=- II was a se&ond round o' US/USSR talks (19E19E9) whi&h sought to redu&e

manu'a&ture o' nu&lear weapons# S;=- II was the 'irst nu&lear treat" seeking real

redu&tions in strategi& 'or&es to 8? o' all &ategories on %oth sides#

.i@on and rehne+ toast the S;=- I treat"# *arter and rehne+ sign the S;=- II treat"#

So+iet In+asion o' ;'ghanistan Interrupts -haw


27/31

So+iet In+asion o' ;'ghanistan Interrupts -haw• In 19EG the USSR in+aded ;'ghanistan and tried to set

up a 'riendl" go+ernment#

• It %e&ame the USSR4s Dietnam a long war with no &lear

+i&tor" possi%le and man" &asualties and high &osts#•-he US supported the ;'ghani re%els known as themu5ahideen#

• In 19G9 the So+iets 'inall" withdrew# Islami&e@tremists used the opportunit" to take o+er the &ountr"#

• -he de'eat weakened the So+iet4s e&onom" and morale#

uhahideen &ele%rate the downing o' a So+iet

heli&opter

o+ie poster 'or Charlie $ilson%s $ar a%out USe''orts to support the mu5ahideen

Reagan4s Star Wars Interrupts -haw


28/31

Reagan s Star Wars Interrupts -haw•-he Strategi& 0e'ense Initiati+e (S0I) was a proposal %" 7resident Reagan on in 19G3 to use ground andspa&e%ased s"stems to prote&t the US 'rom atta&k %" nu&lear %allisti& missiles# It 'o&used on strategi&de'ense rather than do&trine o' mutual assured destru&tion (;0)#• It was Fui&kl" ni&knamed BStar Wars#C•*riti&ism o' S0I:


29/31

*old War -haw *ontinues•!or%a&he+ %e&omes So+iet premier andunderstands that the So+iet e&onom" &annot &ompetewith the West partl" %e&ause o' ;'ghanistan andpartl" %e&ause o' the &osts o' keeping up militaril"#

• !or%a&he+ re&ognies there is in&reasing unrest inthe &ountr"#• e tries to re'orm the USSR with glasnost (Nopenness: think BglassC %e&ause "ou &an see throughit) and !erestroika (Nrestru&turing: thinkBstru&ture/stroikaC)#•!or%a&he+ is 'urther pressured to re'orm the USSR

when Reagan gi+es his spee&h in !erman"&hallenging !or%a&he+ to Btear down this wall#C

7resident Reagan deli+ers his spee&h in

erlin#

So+iet 7remier ikhail !or%a&he+

-he Wall 2alls 19G9


30/31

-he Wall 2alls 19G9• ; wa+e o' re%ellion against So+iet in'luen&e

o&&urs throughout its uropean allies#• 7oland4s Solidarit" mo+ement %reaks the So+iet

hold on that &ountr"• ungar" remo+ed its %order restri&tions with

;ustria#•Riots and protests %reak out in ast !erman"#• ast !ermans storm the wall# *on'used and

outnum%ered %order guards do not 'ight %a&k#• -he wall is %rea&hed#

• +entuall" ast and West !erman" arereunited in 199?#


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The Cold War4

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