The Cold War Once Again – the Propaganda of fear. This time, an old enemy and former ally is now the new enemy – From Uncle Joe to the Dirty Rotten Commies!

The The Cold Cold WarWar

Once Again – the Propaganda of fear.

This time, an old enemy and former ally is now the new enemy – From Uncle Joe to the Dirty Rotten Commies!

Lead up to Lead up to Cold warCold war

► distrust between Soviets distrust between Soviets and US (even though and US (even though they were allies during they were allies during WWII); both Soviet Union WWII); both Soviet Union and US want to decide and US want to decide what the world will be what the world will be like after the war like after the war (Communist and (Communist and Authoritarian vs. Authoritarian vs. Capitalist and Capitalist and “Democratic”); the future “Democratic”); the future of Germany and of Germany and specifically Berlin would specifically Berlin would demonstrate the lack of demonstrate the lack of trust between the old trust between the old alliesallies

Lead Up, ContinuedLead Up, Continued

► The Gouzenko AffairThe Gouzenko Affair► Right after the war was over (Sept 5, 1945) Right after the war was over (Sept 5, 1945)

a Russian cipher clerk (a person who coded a Russian cipher clerk (a person who coded and decoded messages) went to the RCMP and decoded messages) went to the RCMP with information that the Russians were with information that the Russians were spying on Canada and the USspying on Canada and the US

► See him interviewed See him interviewed Click HEREClick HERE► http://www.cbc.ca/player/Digital+Archives/http://www.cbc.ca/player/Digital+Archives/

War+and+Conflict/Cold+War/ID/War+and+Conflict/Cold+War/ID/1790835205/1790835205/

Winston Churchill Winston Churchill Speaks OutSpeaks Out

March 5, 1946March 5, 1946

► From Stettin in the Baltic to From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an Trieste in the Adriatic, an “iron curtain” has descended “iron curtain” has descended across the continent. Behind across the continent. Behind that line lie all the capitals of that line lie all the capitals of the ancient states of Central the ancient states of Central and Eastern Europe. and Eastern Europe. Warsaw, Berlin, Prague, Warsaw, Berlin, Prague, Vienna, Budapest, Belgrade, Vienna, Budapest, Belgrade, Bucharest and Sofia; all Bucharest and Sofia; all these famous cities and the these famous cities and the populations around them lie populations around them lie in what I must call the Soviet in what I must call the Soviet sphere, and all are subject, sphere, and all are subject, in one form or another, not in one form or another, not only to Soviet influence but only to Soviet influence but to a very high and in some to a very high and in some cases increasing measure of cases increasing measure of control from Moscow. control from Moscow.

Cold War DefinedCold War Defined

►The Cold War was a The Cold War was a power power struggle struggle and competition between and competition between the U.S.A and its allies, against the U.S.A and its allies, against the U.S.S.R and its allies.the U.S.S.R and its allies.

►Some features of the Cold War…Some features of the Cold War…

Economic Competition:Economic Competition:

►communism vs. capitalism (which is communism vs. capitalism (which is the better way of life?)the better way of life?)

► Communism – central planning, wage Communism – central planning, wage and price control, ownership of all and price control, ownership of all resources and industries by the stateresources and industries by the state

► Capitalism - free enterprise, private Capitalism - free enterprise, private ownership, the profit motive, ownership, the profit motive, ownership of resources and industries ownership of resources and industries by private individualsby private individuals

Military CompetitionMilitary Competition

► The U.S.S.R figured The U.S.S.R figured out how to created out how to created nuclear weapons by nuclear weapons by 1949. “Arms 1949. “Arms race”—both the race”—both the U.S.A and the U.S.A and the U.S.S.R worked to U.S.S.R worked to stockpile nuclear stockpile nuclear weapons. “Guns weapons. “Guns before butter,’” said before butter,’” said Stalin!Stalin!

Military Military Technology: Arms Technology: Arms

RaceRace

Cold War Cold War Features, con’t.Features, con’t.

►Espionage: Espionage: Spying on one another for Spying on one another for secrets.secrets.

►Propaganda: Propaganda: Fear of Soviets created Fear of Soviets created in North America (the Red Menace)in North America (the Red Menace)

►War by Proxy: War by Proxy: Involvement/encouragement in wars Involvement/encouragement in wars where the U.S.A backed one side and where the U.S.A backed one side and the U.S.S.R backed the other.the U.S.S.R backed the other.

Sports! Faster! Higher! Sports! Faster! Higher! StrongerStronger

Technological competition: the Technological competition: the race for spacerace for space

NATO: North Atlantic Treaty NATO: North Atlantic Treaty OrganizationOrganization

► The “western” allies from WWII led the The “western” allies from WWII led the creation of this alliancecreation of this alliance

► Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Great Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Great Britain, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Britain, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal and the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal and the United States (with Greece, Turkey and the United States (with Greece, Turkey and the Federal Republic of Germany joining Federal Republic of Germany joining afterward in 1952) agreed to consider an afterward in 1952) agreed to consider an armed attack against any one of them as an armed attack against any one of them as an attack against all attack against all

The Warsaw PactThe Warsaw Pact

►Later, in 1956, the Soviet Union Later, in 1956, the Soviet Union Organized its own alliance – used Organized its own alliance – used almost exactly the same wording as almost exactly the same wording as was used in NATO – a defensive was used in NATO – a defensive alliancealliance

The March of Technology!The March of Technology!

The H-Bomb: More Boom for Your Buck! (1952- USA)The H-Bomb: More Boom for Your Buck! (1952- USA)The The AtomAtom Bomb Bomb (fission) (fission) The The HydrogenHydrogen Bomb Bomb

(fusion)(fusion)

► YieldYield 10 kiloton10 kiloton 10 megaton 10 megaton (smallish)(smallish) (1000 times as (1000 times as

powerful)powerful)

► FireballFireball 300 m.300 m. 4.8 km.4.8 km.

► Total Destruction radiusTotal Destruction radius1.6 km.1.6 km.

17.7 km.17.7 km.► Flash burnsFlash burns (2nd degree burns)(2nd degree burns)

2.4 km.2.4 km. 32 km.32 km.

The Defense of North The Defense of North AmericaAmerica

► Canada and the Canada and the USA signed the USA signed the North American Air North American Air Defense (NORAD) Defense (NORAD) TreatyTreaty

► The two countries The two countries would cooperate to would cooperate to detect and intercept detect and intercept Soviet air craftSoviet air craft

Early Warning SystemsEarly Warning Systems

Quid Pro QuoQuid Pro Quo

► Canada is Canada is strategically located!strategically located!

► Soviet bombers Soviet bombers could be stopped could be stopped and shot down over and shot down over Canada (nice if Canada (nice if you’re American)you’re American)

► Canadians would get Canadians would get the protection of the the protection of the world’s largest world’s largest military power military power

There WERE those who thought There WERE those who thought the whole thing was madness!the whole thing was madness!

AND THEN!AND THEN!

► Sputnik was launched Sputnik was launched by the Soviet Union on by the Soviet Union on Oct 4, 1957 – the first Oct 4, 1957 – the first artificial satelliteartificial satellite

► Many said the Many said the significance was really significance was really the reality of the rocket the reality of the rocket – if your could throw a – if your could throw a satellite into space, you satellite into space, you could also throw a could also throw a weapon at your enemy!weapon at your enemy!

Pizza Pizza Warfare! 40 minutes Pizza Pizza Warfare! 40 minutes or its FREE!or its FREE!

So many ways to say So many ways to say Goodbye!Goodbye!

Land (silo) basedLand (silo) based Submarine basedSubmarine based

(ICBMs)(ICBMs) (SLBMs)(SLBMs)

Later – MIRVed ICBMs: Multiple Later – MIRVed ICBMs: Multiple Independent Re-entry VehicleIndependent Re-entry VehicleOne Missile, Many Warheads!One Missile, Many Warheads!

Both sides built more and more Both sides built more and more warheads and more and more missileswarheads and more and more missiles

►By 1980:By 1980:

The USA had more 9000 The USA had more 9000 warheads!warheads!

The USSR had more than 6000!The USSR had more than 6000!

How did it affect our How did it affect our Security?Security?

Security?Security? Insecurity?Insecurity?

M.A.D.M.A.D.

►Mutually Assured Destruction Mutually Assured Destruction (deterrence)(deterrence)

The idea was to have so many weapons in The idea was to have so many weapons in such a state of readiness that neither such a state of readiness that neither side would dare to launch a surprise side would dare to launch a surprise attack (a first strike). Any conflict was attack (a first strike). Any conflict was sure to end in the utter annihilation of sure to end in the utter annihilation of both sides. No rational person could both sides. No rational person could start such a war, it was hoped.start such a war, it was hoped.