The Cold War I. Causes A. Inevitable ideological conflict 1. Capitalism v. Communism 2. Democracy v. Autocracy B. Avoidable misunderstanding II. Competition in Europe A. Wartime Maneuvering—Yalta, Potsdam B. Soviet Policy C. U.S. Policy 1. Containment 2. Truman Doctrine 3. Marshall Plan III. The Struggle in Asia A. The Fall of China B. Korean War IV. Atomic Stalemate
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The Cold War I.Causes A. Inevitable ideological conflict 1. Capitalism v. Communism 2. Democracy v. Autocracy B. Avoidable misunderstanding II.Competition.
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The Cold War I. Causes
A. Inevitable ideological conflict1. Capitalism v. Communism2. Democracy v. Autocracy
B. Avoidable misunderstandingII. Competition in Europe
A. Wartime Maneuvering—Yalta, PotsdamB. Soviet PolicyC. U.S. Policy
1. Containment2. Truman Doctrine3. Marshall Plan
III. The Struggle in AsiaA. The Fall of ChinaB. Korean War
IV. Atomic Stalemate
US v. USSR
Views of Cold War
• Avoidable– US misunderstands
Soviet psychology
– USSR seeks security buffer
– Reaction to war• 20 million die in
WWII
• Inevitable– Continuation of
freedom struggle begun in WWII
– Capitalism v. Communism
– Democracy v. Dictatorship
Yalta Conference (2/45)• German zones of
occupation
• $20B reparations
• Free elections in Poland, Bulgaria, and Romania
• Soviets promise to invade Manchuria
• United Nations
Potsdam Conference (7/45)
• Changed Climate– US Power
• A-bomb
– Leaders• Truman• Atlee
– Bad faith
Dividing Europe
Berlin
The Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan
• Containment
• $13B in aid
• GNPs rise >15%
Red China
• 1949--Mao defeats Chiang
• One quarter of the world’s population falls under Communist rule
The Korean War
• 7/25/1950, North Koreans cross the 38th parallel
• US and UN agree to defend South Koreans
The Inchon Invasion
The 38th Parallel
• Northerners retreat
• US crosses
• Nov. 1950--Chinese cross the Yalu River
The Impact of the War
• 54K American soldiers die
• 1.3M South Koreans
• 1M Chinese
• 500K North Koreans
• Korea remains divided
Soviets get the A-Bomb
• 9/1949-- Soviets test “Joe”– three years ahead of schedule