The Cold War Chapter 26. Key Topics Prospects for world peace at the end of WWII Diplomatic policy during the Cold War The Truman presidency Anticommunism.

The Cold War

Chapter 26

Key Topics

• Prospects for world peace at the end of WWII

• Diplomatic policy during the Cold War

• The Truman presidency• Anticommunism and McCarthyism• Cold War culture and society• The Korean War

The Cold War [1945-1991]: An Ideological Struggle

Soviet & Eastern Bloc

Nations[“Iron

Curtain”]

US & the Western

Democracies

GOAL spread world-wide Communism

GOAL “Containment” of Communism & the eventual collapse of the Communist world.[George Kennan]

METHODOLOGIES:

1. Espionage [KGB vs. CIA]

2. Arms Race [nuclear escalation]

3. Ideological Competition for the minds and hearts of Third World peoples [Communist govt. & command economy vs. democratic govt. & capitalist economy] “proxy wars”

4. Bi-Polarization of Europe [NATO vs. Warsaw Pact]

The Division of Berlin

The Bipolarization of Europe

Containment

• The Truman Doctrine– Self-Granted power to keep Communism

from spreading

• The Marshall Plan– Commitment to help rebuild Europe

• The Berlin Crisis

George Kennan [“X Article”]: CONTAINMENT

Goals Means Actual Application1.Restoration

of the balance of power

2.Reduction of Soviet ability to project outside power.

Encouragement of self-confidence in nations threatened by Soviet expansion.

Exploitation of tensions in international communism.

Long-term program of U.S. economic assistance [Marshall Plan]

Cooperation with communist regimes; [supporting Titoism in Yugoslavia]

3.Modification of the Soviet concept of international relations.

Negotiating settlement of outstanding differences.

Using “carrots & sticks’; containing Germany with an embrace and Russia at arms length.

George Kennan [“X Article”]: CONTAINMENT

Goals Means Actual Application

“To Err is Truman”• Why was Truman

relatively unpopular at the beginning of the 1948 campaign?

• What controversy arose around the 1948 election?

• What role did anti-communism play in Truman’s Fair Deal?

The Cold War at Home

• Why was there such an extensive Red Scare at Home?– What steps were

taken for National Defense?

• How were people’s rights restricted?

National Defense Budget [1940-1964]

The Cold War at Home

• The Red Scare in Hollywood– How did HUAC influence

the movie industry?

– Should government have censorship rights on creative productions?

The Cold War at Home

• Spy Cases– Alger Hiss– Julius and Ethel Rosenberg

The Cold War at Home

• Why were people like McCarthy deemed credible?

• What did McCarthy hope to achieve through his action?

• How was he eventually brought down?

Cold War Culture

• How did the cold War affect American Culture?– Return of the Soldier– Women’s Roles– Middle Class Status

Korean War

[1950-1953]

Korean War[1950-1953]

Syngman Rhee

Kim Il-Sung

“Domino Theory”

The Shifting Map of Korea[1950-1953]

The Korean War

• Did the Korean War serve any purpose?

• Was American entry a mistake?

• How much responsibility should Truman bear for the result of the Korean War?

• How was the Korean War a demonstration of the Containment Policy?