The Cold War (1945-1992) Chapter 18

The Cold War (1945-1992)Chapter 18

What is a “Cold War”

Definition: The Cold War (1945-1992) was the open yet restricted rivalry that developed after World War II between communist and democratic nations.Are you a commie? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w86QhV7whjs&feature=related

Could Nuclear War Happen?

Duck and Coverhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C0K_LZDXp0ITV Warninghttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TQLighO1U8o&feature=relatedAttack Scene http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7VG2aJyIFrA&feature=related

USA vs USSR-Political

Democracy government by people representative direct voting multi party systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_United_States

Totalitarianism government one/few “total” control 1 party system

USA vs USSR-Economic

Capitalism Laissez-Faire government hands off private ownership economic classes Market Economy

Socialism government ownership classless society equality of people Command Economy

USA vs USSR-Social

Individualism individual > group do your own thing what’s best for you

Collectivism group > individual one for all, all for one what’s best for group

US Reaction-United Nations

Creation of United Nations (1945-46)Goal: International peace keeping organization Success or Failure?

http://www.un.org/

Current Leader: Ban Ki-moon

Structure of UN

General Assembly: – Every country has an ambassador – Each country gets 1 vote (193 members currently)• http://www.un.org/en/members/

– Power to discuss and recommend action– US Ambassador Susan Rice• http://usun.state.gov/leadership/c31461.htm

Structure of UNSecurity Council:

15 Members5 Permanent members (Why?)

USARussia (USSR)Great BritainFranceChina

10 Rotate-2 year termPowers: Take action

Economic sanctions Military force

Examples?http://www.un.org/en/sc/

United States Policy

Marshall PlanGeorge Marshall-US Secretary of StateGoal: Rebuild Europe, Stop Communism

Reality-Buying AlliesWho and how much?

Portugal: 51 millionGreece: 707 millionAustria: 678 millionTurkey: 225 millionItaly: 1.5 billionFrance 2.7 billion Belgium/Luxembourg:546 mil

Netherland: 1 billionWest Germany: 1.4 billion Denmark: 273 millionSweden: 107 million Norway 236 million UK: 3.19 billion

USA Debt? http://www.usdebtclock.org/

Containment

Definition: policy created by the US to stop the spread of communism. (George Kennan)Communist: North Korea, China, Southeast Asia, VietnamExamples: Korean War (1950-1953), Vietnam War (1960’s-1970’s), Attacks vs Cuba, Soviet invasion of Afghanistan (1979)

Truman Doctrine

Harry Truman: PresidentDefinition: US has the right to help anyone

resisting armed aggression USA gives the USA the right Examples: Korean War, Vietnam War,

Operation Desert Storm, War on Terrorism

Policeman of the World!

McCarthyismSenator Joe McCarthy (Wisc)

Investigate and arrest Court trials (never a conviction)

Red Scare-Fear of communism in the USACommunist denied the right to vote

Loyalty oathsNo freedom of speech for communists

House Committee on Un-American ActivitiesCreation of black listsWar vs subversivesBook bansRuined careers

Cold War Conflict

Berlin Airlift

Soviets Blockade West Berlin-1948East and West BerlinWhy is West Berlin important?

Symbol of Cold WarWould be cause of WW3

US Response: fly everything to West BerlinSoviet response: Berlin wall-a wall separating East/West Berlin

Soviet goal: stop people from leavinghttp://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=candy+bomber&qpvt=candy+bomber&FORM=VDRE#view=detail&mid=06CE651E10BFAD985E0506CE651E10BFAD985E05

Korean War 1950-1953

North Korea (Com) vs South Korea (Dem)US involvement-to stop the spread of

communism (Containment/Truman Doctrine)North-backed by China and USSRSouth-backed by United Nations/NATOStops invasion-countries remain divided

Technically still at war-No peace treatyhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mZpePOqpzAQ&feature=relatedIssues today? US Military presence

Berlin Wall 1961Purpose-separate East and West Berlin

28 mile long fence at firstConcrete wallMine fieldsGuard towers and dogsEast Berlin becomes prison

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OwQsTzGkbiY

Escapes-http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ExOYvW5vCj4Movie Clip-http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tM1aUiBrGB8Fall of the wall (1989) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=snsdDb7KDkgSignals end of Eastern Bloc Alliance

Bay of Pigs InvasionBackground

(1955) Communist revolution in CubaUSA opposition-Too close

JFK (USA), Khrushchev (USSR), Castro (Cuba)President Kennedy’s Decision

Arm Cuban revolutionaries (CIA trained)Invade Bay of PigsStart Cuban revolution

Results: FailureJFK looked weakToo young to be president, too inexperienced, Relationship with U.S. military (not good)

Does this lead to JFK assassination?

Cuban Missile Crisis

USA, USSR, Cuba-Closest to World War 3 in historyIssue: Balance of Power- USA, USSR

MAD: Mutual Assured Destruction USSR: put missiles in Cuba (90 miles from USA) in

response Bay of Pigs invasion Shifts the “balance of power”USA>USSR or USA<USSR or USA=USSRWHICH IS IT?

Thirteen Days http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DSA7Evcy7iE

Cuban Missile CrisisKennedy’s options:

nuclear attacklimited attackinternational politicsblockade of Cuba threats (ultimatum)ignore it invade Cuba

JFK’s Speech to nation: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j0MUbVQl9NsJFK’s decision: blockade, ultimatum Game of Nuclear Chicken!DEFCON 2 (Defense Condition) CBS Video-http://www.cbsnews.com/videos/remembering-the-cuban-missile-crisis/

End of Crisis

Khrushchev stops missilesCommunication-JFK and KhrushchevCompromise is reached

USSR-missiles out of CubaUSA-missiles out of Turkey

Closest to World War 3 ever!!Relationship-JFK and Khrushchev improvesKennedy’s assassination-1963

Who was responsible?Cold War continues until 1992