THE 1 And the Winners Are. . . 1 Iowa Governor's..waste -. Reduction Awards Presented at Recent Conference AVENPORT-Three lowa companies were recently rec- ognized for their waste reduction efforts by receiving the lowa Governor's Waste Reduction Award. The winning companies and thei.r categories of nomination are: Case Corporation, of Burlington, large man- ufacturer; Cargill Corn Milling, of Cedar Rapids, small manufacturer; and Goodwill Industries of Southeast lowa, i n lowa City, non-manufacturing. The awards were presented Oct. 11 in Davenport, during the annual con- ference of the lowa Society of Solid Waste Operations and lowa Recycling Association. Sponsors of the awards include the lowa Waste Reduction Center, the Waste Management Assistance Division of the lowa Department of Natural Resources, the lowa Safety Council, and the lowa Association of Business and industry. 1. Large ManufacturerWinner - Case Corporation, Burlington. Case Corporation, based in Racine, WI, is the second largest manufacturer of agriculture equipment in North America and the largest manufacturer of light and medium-sized construction equipment in the world. In conjunction with recent facility upgrades to accommodate a new product line, Case Burlington implemented component design improvements and material sourcing changes that have eliminated "chip and grind" scrap by 35 percent. The installation of a new parts preparation cell and new pulse weld- ing equipment reduces related air emissions. Case Burlington also has modified its painting process and ' product selection to incorporate toxic-metal-freelhigh solids/low VOC paints capable of obtaining a 65 per- cent or greater transfer efficiency. This paint system reduced VOC emission by 23 tons over a six-month period and paint sludge generation by 45 percent. In addition, thanks to new de-watering techniques, the paint sludge has been approved for use in the manufacturing of cement. With increased production antici- pated, Case Burlington installed a more efficient centralized wastewater treatment system and implemented wastewater point source reduction strategies. In total, Case annually reduced 3,600 ton scrap metal generation, conserves of 16.5 million gallons of cooling water and reduced 287,000 gallons of oily wastewater and wash- er chemicals requiring off-site treat- ment for a cost savings of over $4.2 million per year. 2. Small Manufacturer Winner-Cargill Corn Milling, Cedar Rapids. The Cargill Corn Milling Facility in Cedar Rapids created an Environmental and Waste Minimization Team represented by various segments of the 175-employ- ee base. This team uses total quality principles including audits, pareto analysis, benchmarking, the Deming cycle of improvement, and training to manage the waste minimization program. Cargill's goal is to minimize the quantity of waste going into the land- fill. Cargill diverts 2,700 tons of fly ash annually from the landfill to an abandoned limestone quarry, where it is mixed with water and used to fill in crevices. Additional waste reduc- tion projects include recycling 75 tons of cardboard, composting 85 tons of wood and over 75 tons of waste corn starch. Overall, Cargill has reduced its landfill usage by 3,005 tons per year. This represents 72 percent of the total facility waste load. These efforts required anlnvestment of $67,000, with a realized savings of $1 28,000 annually, for a six-month return on investment. More importantly, Cargill is fulfilling its responsibility to the community in the area of envi- ronmental stewardship by reducing the waste generated at the Cedar Rapids facility. 3. Non-Manufacturing Winner- Goodwill Industries of Southeast Iowa. Goodwill Industries, one of the origi- nal practitioners of the reuse-reduce- recycle concept, is known world-wide for selling used clothing and household items. Goodwill also operates one of the largest beverage container redemptionlsorting opera- tions in lowa. continued on page 2 A Publication of the lowa Waste Reduction Center, University of Northern lowa Winter 1995
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THE
1 And the Winners Are. . . 1 Iowa Governor's..waste - . Reduction Awards Presented at Recent Conference
AVENPORT-Three lowa companies were recently rec- ognized for their waste reduction efforts by receiving
the lowa Governor's Waste Reduction Award.
The winning companies and thei.r categories of nomination are: Case Corporation, of Burlington, large man- ufacturer; Cargill Corn Milling, of Cedar Rapids, small manufacturer; and Goodwill Industries of Southeast lowa, in lowa City, non-manufacturing.
The awards were presented Oct. 11 in Davenport, during the annual con- ference of the lowa Society of Solid Waste Operations and lowa Recycling Association. Sponsors of the awards include the lowa Waste Reduction Center, the Waste Management Assistance Division of the lowa Department of Natural Resources, the lowa Safety Council, and the lowa Association of Business and industry.
1. Large Manufacturer Winner - Case Corporation, Burlington.
Case Corporation, based in Racine, WI, is the second largest manufacturer of agriculture equipment in North America and the largest manufacturer of light and medium-sized construction equipment in the world. In conjunction with recent facility upgrades to accommodate a new product line, Case Burlington implemented component design improvements and material sourcing changes that have eliminated "chip and grind" scrap by 35 percent.
The installation of a new parts preparation cell and new pulse weld- ing equipment reduces related air emissions. Case Burlington also has modified its painting process and
' product selection to incorporate toxic-metal-freelhigh solids/low VOC paints capable of obtaining a 65 per- cent or greater transfer efficiency. This paint system reduced VOC emission by 23 tons over a six-month period and paint sludge generation by 45 percent. In addition, thanks to new de-watering techniques, the paint sludge has been approved for use in the manufacturing of cement.
With increased production antici- pated, Case Burlington installed a more efficient centralized wastewater treatment system and implemented wastewater point source reduction strategies.
In total, Case annually reduced 3,600 ton scrap metal generation, conserves of 1 6.5 million gallons of cooling water and reduced 287,000 gallons of oily wastewater and wash- er chemicals requiring off-site treat- ment for a cost savings of over $4.2 million per year.
2. Small Manufacturer Winner-Cargill Corn Milling, Cedar Rapids.
The Cargill Corn Milling Facility in Cedar Rapids created an Environmental and Waste Minimization Team represented by various segments of the 175-employ- ee base. This team uses total quality principles including audits, pareto
analysis, benchmarking, the Deming cycle of improvement, and training to manage the waste minimization program.
Cargill's goal is to minimize the quantity of waste going into the land- fill. Cargill diverts 2,700 tons of fly ash annually from the landfill to an abandoned limestone quarry, where it i s mixed with water and used to fill in crevices. Additional waste reduc- tion projects include recycling 75 tons of cardboard, composting 85 tons of wood and over 75 tons of waste corn starch.
Overall, Cargill has reduced its landfill usage by 3,005 tons per year. This represents 72 percent of the total facility waste load. These efforts required anlnvestment of $67,000, with a realized savings of $1 28,000 annually, for a six-month return on investment. More importantly, Cargill is fulfilling its responsibility to the community in the area of envi- ronmental stewardship by reducing the waste generated at the Cedar Rapids facility.
3. Non-Manufacturing Winner- Goodwill Industries of Southeast Iowa.
Goodwill Industries, one of the origi- nal practitioners of the reuse-reduce- recycle concept, is known world-wide for selling used clothing and household items. Goodwill also operates one of the largest beverage container redemptionlsorting opera- tions in lowa.
continued on page 2
A Publication of the lowa Waste Reduction Center, University of Northern lowa Winter 1995
And the Winners Are.. . EPA9s Hazardous Waste Enforcement Program continued from page 1
Goodwill Industries of Southeast Iowa stores used books for resale. Since many of the donated books did not sell, the retail stores were forced to landfill the excess. A staff recy- cling committee suggested purchas- ing a paper cutter to remove the bindings from books so the bindings and pages could be recycled. The committee investigated the costs involved, contacted area libraries and bookstores to see if they had books to supplement the donated ones, and identified a market for the paper.
Currently this practice is diverting 11 7 tons of paper and 53 tons of binding per year from the landfill. Goodwill's recycling equipment cost, $1 4,700. Recycling reduced disposal fees by $8,140 per year. This savings, with the annual rev- enue of $8,370 paid by the paper recycler, yields a total cost benefit of $1 6/51 0 per year, for an I 1 -mont'h payback. All costs savings are applied tp training and employment services for people with disabilities. The project has been so successful that Goodwill has added a second shift.
Honorable mention award winners. The following companies received honorable mention: The Hon Company, Muscatine;
Winnebago Industries, Inc., Forest City; Roush Products Company, Inc., Cedar Rapids; and The Principal Financial Group, Des Moines.
What Happens After an Inspection 1 (3d 4 a By: Tony Petrurko, EPA Region 7
e goal of EPA's. hazardous waste enforcement program is twofold. The first is to return businesses to compliance with the
hazardous waste regulations if not compliant. The second is to deter future non-compliance to preserve environmental quality and human health.
Inspections are conducted to determine how a business is managing its hazardous wastes. At the conclusion of the inspection, the inspector may leave a notice identifying potential violations identified during the visit. The intent of this notice is to give the facility the earliest possible indication of violations and provide the business an opportunity to submit information showing how the violations have been corrected. However, this notice often does not include all violations. The inspector attempts to conduct inspections with the least disruption of the business's operation. In doing so, the inspector will offen take photographs and collect copies of documents that will be reviewed in detail later.
At the conclusion of the inspection, the inspector prepares a report that is reviewed by EPA enforcement staff. The enforcement staff identifies all potential violations, including those identified by the inspector.
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A ~ . fL$f% &;F~@$F%bFJ$cFt y :& Jt: -J:*$?, -kc ;g,;j; +!* Corrections to Fall 1995 issue ".
Form R Reporting Tax Exemptions The article regarding form R reporting A misplaced line of text indicated that should read "has 10 or more full-time businesses that have installed wastewater, employees; is classified under SIC Codes surface water or air pollutron control 20-39; AND manufacturers, processes or devices may be eligible for the Annual otherwise uses any listed chemical above Pollution Control Property Tax. This is a threshold levels regulated under EPCRA." tax exemption. The Summer 1995 issue of
the Closed Loop included information on this. If you have further questions, please contact the IWRC at 3191273-2079 or 8001422-31 09. B@
Once violations are determined, EPA's enforcement staff determines the appropriate enforcement response. EPA has a policy document, known as the Enforcement Response Policy, which provides guidelines on appropriate enforcement actions. Enforcement actions primarily fall into two groups: warning letters and penalty actions. Warning letters generally require a business to correct the violations without penalties if the corrections are properly completed. Penalty actions also require a business to correct the violations, but they include assessment of penalties. The type of action EPA takes depends upon a number of factors.
A penalty action occurs if the violation has caused actual or substantial likelihood of exposure to hazardous wastes. For a small business, this most often occurs when hazardous wastes are released by dumping or failing to clean up spills. It also occurs when businesses send hazardous wastes to non-hazardous waste disposal facilities, treat hazardous wastes improperly, or store hazardous wastes too long.
A penalty action wi l l also occur if the business is a chronic violator; typically meaning the business is notified of a violation and fails to correct it or commits the same violation again. For this reason, it is important to respond to notices and warning letters.
The majority of hazardous waste enforcement actions are warning letters. However, where serious violations exist, or when businesses continue to commit violations, EPA will propose penalties. Typically, once a penalty action is proposed, a judge is assigned to the case, and settlement conferences are conducted. If a settlement cannot be reached a hearing occurs.
continued on page 3
F BY-YKUUUL 1 & VVHS I t StHKCH 3 t K V I L k
A SELECTED LISTING OF MATERIALS AVAILABLE Other materials are available, such as fiberglass waste, glass, aluminum, scrap metal, drums, foundry sand, paper and plastic products,
rubbe6 paints, pallets and scrap wood. For information, please call 3 19/273-2079.
D A-002093 Fiberglass scrap 13000#lyr E 08 A-002021 Fiberglass scraps 3200#,3200#/day C 03
ID # Material Name Quantity Area Contact
A-001928 Citric acid 1 00# E 08 A-001937 Fumaric acid 50# E 08 A-000446 Ink, developer, used l2gal/yr, 160gal C 08 A-090039 Nitric acid (20% solution) 4 55-gal drums W 12 A-001194 Nitric acid, fuming, 30% in 10 gal E 05
alcohol
ID # Material Name Quantity Area Contact
1 A-001780 ~iberglass, trimmings ' 11 80#/wk E 04 A-001215 Fiberglass, window cutouts 2000#/wk C 03 A-001112 Fiberglass, with molded plastics 5000#/mo E 05 A-0001 02 Fiberglass, wool 11 6#/wk C 05 A-001330 Fiberglass, woven fabric, 200#, 100#/mo W 12
crowfoot satin construction A-001482 * Oxalic Acid, unused , 150# A-001862 Phenol, 90% 55 gal
A-070059 * ~tanous'chloride 100 grams C 07 A-002006 Stenc~l ink, K-type, black 6 gal C 08 A-060066 Sulphur 16t E 06 A-001921 Tricalcium phosphate 400# E 08 A-040037 VTI Vapor 1 E 04
New Rule Encourages Recycling Through Less Stringent Regulations By Kim Evangelisti, Waste Reduction Specialist
new EPA rule, I universal Waste ' streamlining hazardous
i waste management, went into effect on May 11,
1 A 1 9 9 5 . Theuniversal Waste Rule applies to waste batteries; waste pesticides or suspended or recalled pesticides; and mercury- containing thermostats that are hazardous.
This rule lessens regulations for certain wastes to ensure proper recycling or disposal. These wastes are generated in small quantities by a large number of generators. Before the universal waste rule there were more regulations on accumulation points for these wastes. With the universal waste rule, businesses that generate applicable wastes now have lower cost options for accumulating this waste. In addition, businesses can petition to add other wastes to this rule.
EPA7s Hazardous Waste # Enforcement Program
tinued from D a m 2
alties are calculates using t r K s Penalty Policy. This policy requires
4 4 EPA enforcement staff to assess.the violations' potential for harm and
1 the extent to which the business i failed to comply with regulatiorc 6 Federal regulations allow up to k $25,000 per day per violation. . Using this policy, penalties can ' easily get into five, six, or seven
digits. If the maximum penalty is used, a business can reach $1 million in penalties after only 40 days of violation. The best approach is to avoid penalties entirely. To do this, closely look at the wastes your business generates. Determine which wastes are hazardous and be familiar with the regulations. Both EPA and the Iowa Waste Reduction Center can
Universal wastes share several characteristics: 1. They are hazardous and frequently
generated in a wide variety of settings.
2. They may be present in significant volumes in primarily non- hazardous waste streams such as household waste.
3. Lastly, the size and diversity of the generators pose difficulties for implementation and enforcement of hazardous waste regulations.
The goals of the universal waste rule are: to encourage resource conservation while adequately protecting human health and the environment; to improve implementation of the current hazardous waste regulations; and to separate universal wastes from the municipal waste stream.
Waste Handler Categories
The Universal Waste Rule creates new categories of waste handlers:
Universal Waste Handler: A 'generator of universal waste and/or
' the ownerloperator of a facility that receives and/or accumulates universal waste.
Small Quantity Handler of Universal Waste: Accumulates less than 1 1,000 pounds of universal waste at any time.
Large Quantity Handler of Universal Waste: Accumulates 11,000 or more of universal waste at any time. Universal Waste Large Quantity Handlers have notification and tracking requirements.
) Other Regulatory Definitions
Both categories may accumulate universal waster for one year, unless more time is needed to facilitate proper recovery. Universal waste generators should also be aware of the following:
Universal Waste Transporters: Anyone transporting universal wastes off a site is considered a universal waste transporter and must comply with all applicable DOT regulations. If waste is stored more than 10 days at a transfer station, the transporter becomes a handler.
Destination Facilities: A facility that treats, disposes of, or recycles universal waste is considered a destination facility. Destination facilities must be either permitted hazardous waste Treatment, Storage, and Disposal Facilities (TSDF), or hazardous waste recyclers that do not store waste before recycling.
Petitions to Include other wastes a s universal wastes
The universal waste rule gives guidelines for petitioning the EPA to include other wastes in this classification. The petitioner must show that: 1. regulation as a universal waste is
appropriate for the waste, 2, it wi l l improve management
practices for the waste, and 3. wil l improve implementation of the
hazardous waste program.
continued on page 4
Some important criteria when I petitioning to add a waste are:
( The waste is hazardous.
The waste is not exclusive to a specific industry or group of industries, and is commonly generated by a wide variety of establishments.
- The waste is generated by a large number of generators and is frequently generated in relatively small quantities by each generator. ,
The risk of accumulation and transport is low compared with other hazardous wastes.
Regulation as universal waste will increase the likelihood that it will be diverted from nonhazardous waste management systems to appropriate recycling, treatment or disposal facilities.
~ e ~ u l a t i o h as universal waste will improve implementation of and compliance with hazardous waste regulations.
If you have any questions about managing universal waste or petitioning to add wastes to the universal waste rule, contact the low Waste Reduction Center at (31 9)273-2079.
lowa Waste Reduction Center 75 Biology Research Complex University of Northern lowa Cedar Falls, lowa 50614-0185
I The lowa Waste Reduction I tenter-
Creating Tools for Small Business
0:. Small Business ~01lution'~revention Center
*:* Program for Toxic Air Pollutant Studies
9 Iowa Air Emissions Assistance Program
+3 By-product and Waste Search Service
0:. Mobile Outreach for Pollution Prevention
Articles in
The Closed Loop may be reprinted.
As a courtesy, please contact the IWRC. Kathleen Gordon, Editor (31 9) 273-2079