THE CIVILIZATIONS OF EAST ASIA Chapter 12
Feb 23, 2016
THE CIVILIZATIONS OF EAST ASIA
Chapter 12
China under the Sui, Tang, and Sung Dynasties
Objectives Explain how Chinese civilization advanced
during the Sui and Tang
Describe what daily life was like for the
Chinese people during the Sung dynasty
The Sui and Tang Sui came into power in
589 Grand Canal- waterway
linking northern and southern China
Sui dynasty ended in 618
Tang Expansion Defeated the Turks in the north and west Made contact with other cultures to
enhance their knowledge Built capital at Xian
2 million people Consisted of Arabs, Persians, Jews, Greeks,
and Chinese China became the most powerful country
in the world under the Tang Dynasty
Tang Literature Around 2300 poets
contributed to 49,000 works
Li Bo- a Daoist, described life's happiness
Du Fu- a follower of Confucius, wrote about suffering and tragedy
Tang Religion Buddhism died out under
the Tang Seized monasteries,
persecuted Buddhists China adopted
Confucianism as the official religion from 800-1900 AD
Temples were built to Confucius and officials required to study his works
Sung Dynasty
Never had control of all of China Sung Dynasty was in Southern China
Paid huge tribute every year to keep the Mongols from attacking them
The Jin Dynasty in the north Established by the Juchen people in 1126
Trade and Arts Exported porcelain, gold, silver, and
copper Vases were colorful and complex in
design Paintings was of landscapes
Civil Service
Examinations every 3 years Only important families took the exams Assigned numbers and had clerks copy
the answers to cut down on cheating and corruption
Inventions Invented gun powder Invented printing Worlds first known
printed book created by block letters called the “Diamond Sutra” Religious text of the
Buddhists
Peasant Life Farming methods
improved with irrigation systems and quick ripening rice
Heavy taxes forced peasants to sell lands and become tenant farmers
City Life Wealthy lived in nice homes with gardens
and lakes Cities had thriving markets and cultural
events Poor people lived in crowded apartments
or went homeless begging for food Practice of foot binding for women
The Mongol Empire Objectives
Explore how the Mongol invaders were able to conquer and rule so much of Asia
Examine the effect Mongol rule had on China
Genghis Khan & the Mongols
Lived in current day Mongolia, north of China
Skillful warriors on horseback with bow and arrow
Traveled 100 miles/day
Threat of constant attacks would wear down enemy
Genghis Khan
Fiercest ruler of all time
Ruled from 1162-1227
Name means “Universal Ruler”
Captured Beijing, Persia, and Central Asia
Mongol Conquest and Rule Kublai Khan
captured the rest of China and parts of SE Asia
Received title Great Khan Batu
invaded Europe around 1240
Europeans gave them the name Golden Horde
Controlled Russia from 1250-1450
China under the Mongols Kublai Khan
created own dynasty called Yuan China’s trade and influence grew Extended the Grand Canal Divided kingdom into 25 mile courier routes Benefited from trade and contact with Europeans Harsh taxes and tributes undermined Yuan
authority
Marco Polo Famous merchant and
explorer Served as special
representative to Kublai Khan for 17 years
Book called Travels of
Marco Polo
Japan, Korea, and Southeast Asia
Objectives Investigate how the geography of Japan
influenced its development Analyze how China influenced the early
development of Japan Describe how changes in government
influenced society in feudal Japan Examine how Southeast Asia was influenced
by China and India
Physical Setting Island chain
stretching for nearly 1400 miles
Mountainous volcanic islands
Small part of land suitable for farming
Many rivers for irrigation
Preferred to live in isolation
Japan’s Beginnings Early History
Practiced the religion Shinto, spirits lived in natural objects(Kami)
No scripture or doctrine Worship involves prayers and rituals Shinto help unify all people of Japan Only 1 imperial family has ruled,
Yamato Clan Most Japanese practice Shinto and
Buddhism
Japan’s Beginnings China Influence
Influenced Japanese art, science, and law
Centralized government and gave emperor more power
Law code modeled after the Tang Dynasty
Lady Muraski Shikibu wrote the worlds 1st novel, The Tales of Genji
Feudal Japan Japan developed a system of local power known
as the feudal system 2 sources of power- central government and
powerful landowners Minamoto reign changed how government was
run Granted Minamoto the shogun
Ashikaga was the longest ruling at 250 yrs. Wealthy land owners held power & hired
samurai's for protection Samurai followed the Bushido code
Feudal Japan The Daimyo…”great names”
Local lords and their samurai became the most powerful people in Japan during the Ashikaga shogunate
Conducted trade &collected taxes to strengthen their power
Wars offered people of lower status to rise in society
Zen Buddhism Introduced in the 1100’s Showed appreciation of nature (Daoism)
Korea Development
shaped by China Serves as a bridge
to the island chains China controlled
northern Korea 3 Korean kingdoms:
Koguyro, Peakche, Silla
Korea Unification under the Silla
Formed alliance with Tang Dynasty to conquer Koguyro & Peakche
United Korea by 670 Infighting weakened Silla By 900 AD, kingdom of Koyro had taken
control 1200 AD, Mongols gained control 1392 AD- Yi Dynasty(powerful Korean
Dynasty) ruled until 1910.
Korea Growth of Korean Culture
Adopted Chinese civil service system Buddhism was the state religion Aristocrats influenced political development No development of educated social class Large divide between small upper class and
large lower class Sejong development of the Korean Alphabet
showed sign of independence.
Civilizations in Southeast Asia Mainland is known as Indochina Vietnam
Won independence in 939 from China Civilization was influenced by contact with
China Accepted Mahayana Buddhism
Cambodia Khmer Empire controlled Southeast Asia Strongly influenced by India Accepted Hindu and Buddhism beliefs