The Civil War Ends ► PPT 4 ► Unit 5 ► SSUSH 9. First Battle of Bull Run ► Reinforcements with Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson arrived.

The Civil War Ends The Civil War Ends

►PPT 4PPT 4►Unit 5Unit 5

►SSUSH 9SSUSH 9

First Battle of Bull RunFirst Battle of Bull Run

►Reinforcements Reinforcements with Thomas with Thomas “Stonewall” “Stonewall” Jackson arrivedJackson arrived

First Battle of Bull RunFirst Battle of Bull Run

►Northern Northern general general McDowell McDowell ordered a ordered a retreat that retreat that turned into a turned into a panicpanic

►Loss for the Loss for the NorthNorth

Lincoln’s ResponseLincoln’s Response

►Need for a large, Need for a large, well-trained armywell-trained army

►Signed bill for Signed bill for 500,000 soldiers500,000 soldiers

Northern BlockadeNorthern Blockade

►Spring 1862Spring 1862

►Sealed off every Sealed off every major southern major southern port along the port along the Atlantic CoastAtlantic Coast

Ulysses S. GrantUlysses S. Grant

►Control of the Control of the Cumberland and Cumberland and Tennessee RiversTennessee Rivers

►Victories gave Victories gave Union water Union water passages deep passages deep into the Southinto the South

AntietamAntietam

►Lee decided to Lee decided to invade Marylandinvade Maryland

►Sept. 1862Sept. 1862

►Bloodiest one-Bloodiest one-day battle in day battle in American American historyhistory

AntietamAntietam

►6000 killed6000 killed

►16,000 wounded16,000 wounded

►Crucial victory for Crucial victory for the North when the North when Lee retreated to Lee retreated to VirginiaVirginia

The North and SlaveryThe North and Slavery

►Growing casualtiesGrowing casualties

►Began to support Began to support an end to slavery an end to slavery as a way to punish as a way to punish the South and give the South and give a continued reason a continued reason for fightingfor fighting

Emancipation ProclamationEmancipation Proclamation

►Lincoln announced Lincoln announced a decree that a decree that would free all would free all enslaved persons enslaved persons in states still in in states still in rebellion after rebellion after January 1, 1863January 1, 1863

Quote, Union officerQuote, Union officer

““We were no longer merely the We were no longer merely the soldiers of a political controversy. soldiers of a political controversy. We were now the missionaries of a We were now the missionaries of a great work of redemption, the armed great work of redemption, the armed liberators of millions.”liberators of millions.”

VicksburgVicksburg

►MississippiMississippi

►Last Confederate Last Confederate stronghold on stronghold on the Mississippi the Mississippi RiverRiver

►General Grant – General Grant – Union Union commandercommander

Vicksburg SiegeVicksburg Siege

►May 1863 – Grant May 1863 – Grant drove all drove all Confederate Confederate troops into troops into VicksburgVicksburg

►Siege until July – Siege until July – southern southern commander commander surrenderedsurrendered

Vicksburg SeigeVicksburg Seige

"What is to become of all the living "What is to become of all the living things in this place...shut up as in a things in this place...shut up as in a

trap...God only knows.“trap...God only knows.“

- unidentified Vicksburg - unidentified Vicksburg residentresident

GettysburgGettysburg

► July 1863July 1863

►Lee decided to Lee decided to launch an launch an invasion into the invasion into the North – North – PennsylvaniaPennsylvania

GettysburgGettysburg

►Confederate Confederate defeatdefeat

►Lee lost 28,000 Lee lost 28,000 men (one-third of men (one-third of his force)his force)

►Lee retreated to Lee retreated to VirginiaVirginia

GettysburgGettysburg

GettysburgGettysburg

Gettysburg AddressGettysburg Address

►Nov. 1863Nov. 1863

►Lincoln came to Lincoln came to dedicate part of dedicate part of Gettysburg as a Gettysburg as a military cemeterymilitary cemetery

►The war was a The war was a fight for freedomfight for freedom

Gettysburg AddressGettysburg Address► ““[This nation was] conceived in liberty, [This nation was] conceived in liberty,

and dedicated to the proposition that all and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal . . . From these men are created equal . . . From these honored dead we take increased devotion honored dead we take increased devotion to the cause for which they gave the last to the cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion; that we here full measure of devotion; that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain; that this nation, under have died in vain; that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom; God, shall have a new birth of freedom; and that the government of the people, by and that the government of the people, by the people, and for the people, shall not the people, and for the people, shall not perish from the earth.”perish from the earth.”

Ulysses GrantUlysses Grant

►Western victories Western victories convinced convinced Lincoln to give Lincoln to give him command of him command of all Union forcesall Union forces

►March 1864March 1864

Life During the WarLife During the War

Southern EconomySouthern Economy

► Few financial Few financial resources, little resources, little industryindustry

► Collapse of the Collapse of the transportation transportation systemsystem

► Severe food Severe food shortages during the shortages during the winterswinters

North’s EconomyNorth’s Economy

►Economic boomEconomic boom

►Growth of Growth of industries (clothes, industries (clothes, ammunition)ammunition)

►Farming Farming technology = technology = better yieldsbetter yields

African AmericansAfrican Americans

► Permitted to Permitted to enlist in the enlist in the Union army Union army and navyand navy

► 5454thth Massachusetts Massachusetts – African – African American American regimentregiment

Quote, Frederick DouglassQuote, Frederick Douglass

““Once let the black man get upon his Once let the black man get upon his person the brass letters U.S.; let him person the brass letters U.S.; let him get an eagle on his button, and a get an eagle on his button, and a musket on his shoulder and bullets in musket on his shoulder and bullets in his pocket, and there is no power on his pocket, and there is no power on earth which can deny that he has earth which can deny that he has earned the right to citizenship.”earned the right to citizenship.”

MedicineMedicine

►Large numbers of Large numbers of casualtiescasualties

►No understanding No understanding of infectious of infectious germsgerms

►Unsterilized Unsterilized instrumentsinstruments

MedicineMedicine

►Many regiments Many regiments lost half to lost half to disease and disease and illness, not battleillness, not battle

►Smallpox, Smallpox, dysentery, dysentery, typhoidtyphoid

►AmputationsAmputations

Quote, Military OfficerQuote, Military Officer““As a wounded man was lifted on the table, As a wounded man was lifted on the table,

often shrieking with pain . . . The surgeon often shrieking with pain . . . The surgeon quickly examined the wound and resolved quickly examined the wound and resolved upon cutting off the wounded limb. Some upon cutting off the wounded limb. Some ether was administered . . . The surgeon ether was administered . . . The surgeon snatched the knife from between his teeth, snatched the knife from between his teeth, where it had been while his hands were where it had been while his hands were busy, wiped it rapidly once or twice across busy, wiped it rapidly once or twice across his blood-stained apron, and the cutting his blood-stained apron, and the cutting began. The operation accomplished, the began. The operation accomplished, the surgeon would look around with a deep sigh, surgeon would look around with a deep sigh, and then – ‘Next’!”and then – ‘Next’!”

Military PrisonsMilitary Prisons

►No exchange of No exchange of prisoners after prisoners after the the Emancipation Emancipation ProclamationProclamation

►Poor conditions, Poor conditions, little food in the little food in the SouthSouth

AndersonvilleAndersonville

► Located in GeorgiaLocated in Georgia

► 13,000 out of 45,000 13,000 out of 45,000 prisoners diedprisoners died

►Henry Wirz – Henry Wirz – commander, commander, executed for war executed for war crimes after the warcrimes after the war

The War EndsThe War Ends

Grant’s PlanGrant’s Plan

►Put William Put William Tecumseh Tecumseh Sherman in Sherman in charge of western charge of western armiesarmies

Fall of AtlantaFall of Atlanta

►August 1864August 1864

►Sherman moved Sherman moved south of Atlanta south of Atlanta to cut the rail to cut the rail lineslines

Burning of AtlantaBurning of Atlanta

Quote, ShermanQuote, Sherman““I could cut a swath to I could cut a swath to

the sea and divide the sea and divide the Confederacy in the Confederacy in two. [It will be] a two. [It will be] a demonstration to the demonstration to the world that we have a world that we have a power that Davis power that Davis cannot resist. I can cannot resist. I can make the march, and make the march, and make Georgia howl!”make Georgia howl!”

March to the SeaMarch to the Sea

►War against War against military and military and civilianscivilians

►Swept through Swept through Georgia and Georgia and South CarolinaSouth Carolina

►Nov. – Dec. 1864Nov. – Dec. 1864

Quote, South CarolinianQuote, South Carolinian

““All is gloom, despondency and All is gloom, despondency and inactivity. Our army is demoralized inactivity. Our army is demoralized and the people panic stricken . . . to and the people panic stricken . . . to fight longer seems madness.”fight longer seems madness.”

Election of Election of 18641864

►Lincoln Lincoln (Republican)(Republican)

►George McClellan George McClellan (Democrat)(Democrat)

►Victory for LincolnVictory for Lincoln

Thirteenth AmendmentThirteenth Amendment

► Jan. 31, 1865Jan. 31, 1865

►Banned slavery in Banned slavery in the United Statesthe United States

Appomattox CourthouseAppomattox Courthouse

►Lee blocked by Lee blocked by Sheridan’s Sheridan’s cavalrycavalry

►The South The South surrendered on surrendered on April 9, 1865April 9, 1865

Lincoln’s Plan for Re-UnionLincoln’s Plan for Re-Union

► Lincoln outlined how Lincoln outlined how to bring the South to bring the South back into the Unionback into the Union

►Determined to Determined to include African include African Americans in Americans in southern southern governmentsgovernments

John Wilkes BoothJohn Wilkes Booth

►April 14, 1865April 14, 1865

►Ford’s TheaterFord’s Theater

►Booth quietly Booth quietly shot Lincoln in shot Lincoln in the back of the the back of the headhead