The Civil War, 1861-1865

The Civil War, 1861-1865

Chapter 15

I. North

1. Advantages:2. Population (immigrants; slaves)3. Large industry; financial sectors4. Controlled: banks, RR, factories5. Block S. from the trading w/the world6. Greenbacks—currency

North (cont’d)

7. Disadvantages8. Offensive war9. Occupy the S.10.Landlocked

II. South

1. Not landlocked2. Defensive war3. High troop morale4. Highly trained generals

South (cont’d)

5. Disadvantages6. Lack of resources7. Limited transportation8. Cotton demand dropped9. Inflation

III. Finding Soldiers to Fight

1. Unionvolunteers at first2. 1863—Conscription (draft)3. New York Draft Riots4. Confederacy5. Volunteers at first6. Draftedwealthy also paid for others to

serve

IV. Border States & Congress

1. Lincolnneeded the border states2. DE, MD, MO, KYUnion slave states3. Some opposed the war4. Copperheads (aka Peace Democrats)5. Immediate peace w/Conf.

V. 1st Large Military Engagement

1. July 1861, 1st Battle of Bull Run (Manassas)2. 1st major land battle3. Union defeated4. “Stonewall” Jackson5. N. misjudged S.6. N.Long War!!7. S.became complacent

VI. Union Plan

1. Gen. Winfield Scott—4 Phase Plan2. 1st Phase—Anaconda Plan3. Union Navy blockade ALL Southern

Ports1. Block trade & supplies

4. 2nd Phase—Control the Mississippi River1. Cut S. in half

Union Plan (cont’d)

5. 3rd Phase—March through GA; up to Carolinas

6. 4th Phase—Capture capital at Richmond, VA

VII. Second Battle of Bull Runand Antietam

1. March 1862—Gen. Robert E. Lee2. Forced Union Gen. John Pope to retreat3. Lee now had 2 major victories4. Hoped another would get foreign aid

Antietam

5. Antietam—Bloodiest day6. 22,000 dead7. McClellan forced a Lee retreat8. McClellan didn’t pursue!! Relieved of

duty9. Sept. 1862—TURNING POINT—Kept

Confederates from getting foreign aid!10.Lincoln now had a victory.

VIII. Emancipation Proclamation

1. Jan. 1, 1863.2. Gave N. moral justification3. England agreed; won’t help the S.4. Ex-slaves/free blacks joined Union5. 54th Mass. Infantry

IX. Ironclads

1. Ironclad ships2. S. CSS Merimac3. N. USS Monitor4. No more wooden ships in U.S. navy

X. 1863: War Tips to the North

1. 1862-1863 Union loses at Battle of Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville

2. June 1863—Gettysburg, PA3. Bloodiest overall battle of the war4. Lee; never again try to attack the N.5. Confederate fate sealed at Gettysburg6. Won’t get European support; never win

again

1863: War Tips to the North (cont’d)

6. July 4, 1863—Vicksburg, MS7. Union (Grant) got control of Miss. River8. Gettysburg Address9. Jan. 1864—Grant Commander of the

Union Army

XII. Gen. Sherman

1. Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman2. Scorched Earth—Burn & destroy fields, homes, everything3. Force Southerners tosurrender

XII. Surrender & Assassination

1. Pres. Lincolnno peacesurrender!!!2. April 9, 1965 Confederate Army

surrendered Appomattox Court House3. April 14, 1865—Lincoln assassinated by

Booth

XIII. End of Slavery & Free Blacks

1. Confiscation Acts1. Property used for war seized2. Slaves; confiscated3. Freed slaves in any rebellious territory

2. Border states?3. 13th Amendment—Abolished slavery in

the U.S.4. Freedmen; 1,000s flocked to the N.5. 180,000 blacks fought for the Union

XIV. Consequences of the War

1. Generation lost; 620,0002. Women: nurses, vet. hospitals, at home,

etc.3. 1865: 4 million new Americans (13th

Amend.)4. Politics: preserving the Union; federal

gov. supreme5. American democracy survived

Consequences of the War (cont’d)

6. Economic: Southruined; industrializaiton

7. N. would try Reconstruction of S. gov.8. North: Industrial boom! Many got rich

off highly priced necessities9. Homestead Act of 1862

1. 160 acres to any family; farm for at least 5 years

Homesteaders

Consequences of the War (cont’d)

10.Morrill Land Grant Act of 18621. Federal land for schools2. Teach ag. & tech. trades

11.Pacific Railway Act of 18621. Trans. Railroad2. Atlantic-Pacific Ocean