The Civil War 1861-1865. 24 Union states, 11 Confederate states.

The Civil War 24 Union states, 11 Confederate states The BIG Problems Slavery North: against slavery, except for the border states! South: for slavery, needed it for their economy! Secession North: against South: fordid this because of the election of Lincoln States rights North: thought states should follow all federal laws South: thought states could choose which federal laws to follow Tariffs North: for, it protected factories South: against, limited foreign trade Taking Sides Union: North President: Lincoln Head General: McClellan, Burnside, Hooker, Meade, and finally Grant Capital: Washington, D.C. Confederacy: South President: Davis Head General: Robert E. Lee Capital: Richmond, Virginia Robert E. Lee Lee does not agree with slavery or secession, but says, I cannot raise my hand against my birthplace, my home, my children. Ulysses S. Grant Find out where your enemy is, get him as soon as you can, strike at him as hard as you can, and keep moving on. The Strengths North Larger population 90% of railroads Industrialization, 85% of the factories Lincolns leadership South Self sufficient in food Best military minds of 19 th Century Fighting on home turf Dont have to worry about supply lines Fighter harder when protecting your home The Strategy Union The Anaconda Plan: Wanted to smother the Souths economy Set up a blockade Try to gain control of the Mississippi, to divide the South in half Confederacy Wait the North out they will get tired Get foreign support with strong supply of cotton Try to get BIG victories New Technology Riflegrooved barrel helps bullet to spin more Minie Ballhollow base bullet, helps with accuracy Ironcladsships covered with iron The Call for Help Largest group of soldiers were farmers Lincoln called for the militia African Americans fought (54 th Massachusetts) Draft (conscription) was passed: Needed more soldiers on both sides More men were drafted in the South than in the North, because the Northerners received $300 if they volunteered to fight A rich mans war but a poor mans fightwealthy men could hire substitutes to fight in their place Women took over jobs of men at war, some went to war as nurses Clara Barton: American Red Cross The Undecided Border states Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, Missouri, West Virginia (western counties of Virginia that broke away and rejoined the Union) Pro-slavery, but anti-secession!!! CopperheadsNorthern Democrats who favored peace with the South My paramount object in this struggle is to save the UnionIf I could save it without freeing any slaves, I would do it, and if I could save it by freeing all the slaves, I would do it; and if I could save it by freeing some and leaving others alone, I would also do that. STAAR 1 These people served as public officials during the Civil War. Which of the following matches is incorrect? Jefferson Davis secretary of state for the Confederacy Ulysses S. Grant commander of the Union army Robert E. Lee commander of the Confederate army Abraham Lincoln president of the United States STAAR 2 Southern dependence on slavery and an agricultural economy resulted in an excellent railroad system a lack of factories a dependence on government tax breaks several new political parties STAAR 3 Disadvantages of the South: Smaller navy Fewer railroads ? Which item would best complete the list? Inexperienced military leaders Lack of industries Larger population Lack of agricultural land Major Events of the Civil War Jefferson Davis Inaugural Address we have vainly endeavored to secure tranquility and obtain respect for the rights to which we were entitled. As a necessity, not a choice, we have resorted to the remedy of separation, and henceforth our energies must be directed to the conduct of our own affairs, and the perpetuity of the Confederacy, which we have formed. If [the North] shall permit us to pursue our separate political career, my most earnest desire will have been fulfilled. But if this be denied to usfor purposes of defense, the Confederate States may rely upon their militia; but it the present condition of affairs, that there should be a well instructed disciplined army, more numerous than would be usually required for a peace established. Lincolns First Inaugural Address Apprehension seems to exist among the people of the Southern States that by the accession of a Republican Administration their property and their peace and personal security are to be endangered. There has never been any reasonable cause for such apprehension. Indeed, the most ample evidence to the contrary has all the while existed and been open to their inspection. In your hands, my dissatisfied fellow-countrymen, and not in mine, is the momentous issue of civil war. The Government will not assail you. You can have no conflict without being yourselves the aggressors. You have no oath registered in heaven to destroy the Government, while I shall have the most solemn one to preserve, protect, and defend it. We are not enemies, but friends. We must not be enemies. Though passion may have strained it must not break our bonds of affection. Fort Sumter South Carolina Most Southern forts had been taken by Confederate troops, but the Union held on to Fort Sumter Send supplies or abandon the fort? Confederate troops begin to fire and continue to fire for 34 hours First Battle of the Civil WarSouthern attack and Southern victory Battle of Bull Run Manassas, Virginia (Battle of Manassas) Union army is trying to get to the Confederate capital Thomas J. Jackson and rebel yell rally Confederate troops and shock Union troops Stonewall Jackson led troops to victory the North had underestimated the South Southerners thought the war was won!!! Antietam Lee plans to attack General McClellan in Maryland Confederate troop leaves battle plans by a campfire and they are discovered by Union troopstakes away the element of surprise Bloodiest day in American history (25,000 dead or wounded) Lee retreats, McClellan does not follow could have ended the war!!! The Emancipation Proclamation January 1, 1863 Freed all slaves in the Confederacy Why does he only free slaves in the Confederacy? Does the Confederacy listen to this? NO! Why not? The Emancipation Proclamation Gettysburg (Pennsylvania) Union: General George Meade Fought in Pennsylvania Picketts ChargeLee ordered troops to attack the center of the Union linedeadly mistake Confederate army was forced to retreat again Union general again, did not go after them This is considered to be the turning point of the Civil War. Gettysburg Address Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. (1-3) Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this. (4) But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate -- we can not consecrate -- we can not hallow -- this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. (5) It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us -- that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion -- that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain -- that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom -- and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth. (6) Lincolns Second Inaugural Address At this second appearing to take the oath of the Presidential office there is less occasion for an extended address than there was at the first. all thoughts were anxiously directed to an impending civil war. All dreaded it, all sought to avert it Both parties deprecated war, but one of them would make war rather than let the nation survive, and the other would accept war rather than let it perish, and the war came. These slaves constituted a peculiar and powerful interest. All knew that this interest was somehow the cause of the war. To strengthen, perpetuate, and extend this interest was the object for which the insurgents would rend the Union even by war, while the Government claimed no right to do more than to restrict the territorial enlargement of it. With malice toward none, with charity for all, with firmness in the right as God gives us to see the right, let us strive on to finish the work we are in, to bind up the nation's wounds, to care for him who shall have borne the battle and for his widow and his orphan, to do all which may achieve and cherish a just and lasting peace among ourselves and with all nations. Vicksburg General Ulysses S. Grant is finally in charge of Union troops Laid siege around Vicksburg (1.5 months), eventually forcing the Confederate troops to surrender as they ran out of food and supplies The Confederacy was officially split in two, which makes this another turning point of the Civil War Vicksburg Shermans March to the Sea Sherman goes through the Deep South, while Grant heads to Virginia From Atlanta to the seawaged total war This helped Lincoln to win re-election I beg to present you, as a Christmas gift, the city of Savannah, with 150 heavy guns and about 25,000 bales of cotton.Sherman, to Lincoln Shermans March to the Sea Appomattox Courthouse, Virginia April 9, 1865 Exactly at eight oclock the Confederate flag that fluttered above the Capitol came down and the Stars and Stripes were run up Consequences of the War About 620,000 soldiers died (almost equal to all other American wars combined) Lincolns Assassination: John Wilkes Booth murdered the President Economic disaster in the South 13 th Amendment: abolishes slavery 14th Amendment: grants citizenship to former slaves 15 th Amendment: African American males are given the right to vote STAAR 1 The primary purpose of the 14th Amendment (1868) was to guarantee a minimum income for African Americans grant citizenship to African Americans ensure equal congressional representation for African Americans justify the denial of liberties to African Americans STAAR 2 In the Gettysburg Address, President Lincoln said that Union soldiers had sacrificed their lives to ensure that government of the people, by the people, for the people shall not perish from the earth. What type of government was Lincoln referring to? Monarchy Oligarchy Aristocracy Democracy STAAR 3 The Union general who accepted the surrender of Robert E. Lees Confederate army at Appomattox Court House was Ambrose Burnside George McClellan Ulysses S. Grant William T. Sherman STAAR 4 The Battle of Vicksburg was important in the Civil War because it allowed the Confederate army to seize Washington, D.C. broke the Union blockade along the Gulf of Mexico enabled the Confederate army to seek French assistance gave the Union army control of the Mississippi River