The Civil Rights Movement. Essential Questions What impact did the Dred Scott case and the Emancipation Proclamation have on the early struggle for civil.

The Civil Rights The Civil Rights MovementMovement

Essential Questions• What impact did the Dred Scott case and the

Emancipation Proclamation have on the early struggle for civil rights?

• Why did the Supreme Court interpret early civil rights laws and the 14th Amendment narrowly in the late 19th century?

• What gains did the movement make in desegregating schools and public places in the mid-20th century?

• What other goals did the civil rights movement strive for in the middle and late 1960s?

• In what ways did the civil rights movement evolve in the late 1960s and early 1970s?

• What overall impact did the civil rights movement have?

The Dred Scott Case: Origins

• Slave whose master had moved him to free territory for several years

• Sued for his freedom

• Lost in state and federal courts

• Case appealed to U.S. Supreme Court in 1857

Dred Scott

The Dred Scott Case: Decision

• Majority opinion written by Chief Justice Taney

• Ruled that a slave wasn’t a citizen and couldn’t sue in court

• Also ruled the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional

Chief Justice Roger B. Taney

The Emancipation Proclamation• Announced by

Lincoln in 1862 after the Battle of Antietam

• Freed slaves only in “territories in rebellion,” not border states

• Signed on January 1, 1863

• Essentially unenforceable

President Abraham Lincoln reads the Emancipation Proclamation to his Cabinet

The “Civil War” Amendments• 13th Amendment abolished

slavery

• 14th Amendment granted ex-slaves citizenship; guaranteed equal protection, due process

• 15th Amendment gave African American men the right to vote

• Supreme Court ruled these only applied to the federal government

A print celebrating the passage of the 15th Amendment

“Jim Crow” Laws• Name came

from a minstrel show character

• Mandated separate facilities for whites and blacks

• Black facilities usually worse Laws dictating separate drinking fountains for whites

and blacks were commonplace in Southern states

Plessy v. Ferguson• Case involved segregated

train facilities in Louisiana

• Court ruled that “separate but equal” did not violate 14th Amendment’s equal protection clause

• Harlan only dissenting justice

Justice John Marshall Harlan

Washington vs. Du BoisBooker T. Washington:• Believed that blacks should

assimilate into the “world of work” by learning technical skills

• Established the Tuskegee Institute

W.E.B. Du Bois:• Contended that blacks

should receive a liberal-arts education

• Co-founded the NAACP

Booker T. Washington

W.E.B. Du Bois

The New Deal and Civil Rights

• FDR’s commitment to civil rights lukewarm

• Several New Deal agencies discriminated against blacks

• Tenant farmers and sharecroppers protested

• Randolph proposed a “March on Washington”

A flyer for A. Philip Randolph’s proposed “March on Washington”