T T h h e e C C h h r r i i s s t t i i a a n n a a n n d d O O l l d d T T e e s s t t a a m m e e n n t t T T h h e e o o l l o o g g y y I I n n t t e e r r a a c c t t i i v v e e L L e e a a r r n n i i n n g g G G u u i i d d e e Walter C. Kaiser, Jr., Ph.D. President and Distinguished Professor of Old Testament Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary Revised 2006
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Dear student,
Welcome! Thanks for choosing The Institute of Theological Studies for your independent study. We at ITS count it a privilege to share in your learning journey, and we trust you will find this course both academically challenging and spiritually uplifting.
This Learning Guide is designed with you in mind. In it you will find the following items to help you master the content of the course:
Your syllabus (the most essential part of the course! If you are taking this course through a school, check with them to see if they made any changes.)
A Learning Schedule to help you plan ahead. Individual Lessons to accompany the lectures, which provide overviews,
learning objectives, lecture outlines, note-taking space, and corresponding reflection questions.
Independent studies offer many benefits. For example, you can use this opportunity to develop study habits that will help you in the future. Consider the following insights that will help you develop this discipline:
Start early! Like any course, it’s easy to put things off until the last minute. With no “classes” to attend, time can quickly slip away! Chart your course. The Learning Schedule can help prevent last minute “cram
sessions.” Have a plan and stick to it. Communicate with your proctor often. Regular feedback is an essential element
in the learning process. Submit regular assignments and ask questions! Study in “chunks.” Set aside time to complete a whole lesson in one sitting.
Doing a lesson in segments prevents learning continuity and adds distraction.
Keep studying! We at The Institute of Theological Studies know the value of continued growth in the study of God’s Word. Our 60 courses on Biblical Theology, Historical Theology, Christian Education, World Missions, and more are available to anyone, anywhere, anytime. Schools all across North America offer them in their programs, but you can keep studying ITS courses even after finishing your degree!
Whether to help you prepare a sermon, answer a question, or pursue an area of interest, ITS courses have in-depth, insightful content for the years ahead. Although ITS does not grant credit or degrees, individuals, churches and missionaries are using them for personal or group study, church-based institutes, and to help train international believers!
For more information on our courses, go to www.ITScourses.org and see what ITS is doing in the world of theological education and leadership development. We want to be an asset to you throughout your life and ministry. By His grace, The Staff of The Institute of Theological Studies
The Institute of Theological Studies provides the following syllabus as the standard for this course. You will be responsible for all assignments unless your school changes the requirements.
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The Old Testament may be the central problem of theology. The problem is this: How do the people of God today relate to the people and teaching of the Old Testament, and how do they apply that teaching to life and ministry? While wrestling with this issue we must ask other important questions, such as, “How does the Old Testament relate to the New?” or “What is the main purpose of the Old Testament?” Stated practically, “What principles of the Old Testament should I be actively obeying?”
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This course considers such important questions by examining the foundational theology of the Old Testament as applied to the New Testament and the Church. The course identifies the focal point for the Old and New Testaments, and includes discussions on continuity and discontinuity between the Testaments, saving faith, the people of God, law, worship, atonement, the Kingdom of God, the Messiah, the inclusion of the Gentiles, and the New Covenant. Throughout the course, Dr. Kaiser shows how Old Testament theology is vital to contemporary Christian living.
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Given active participation, upon completion of this course you will be able to:
1. Articulate Old Testament theological themes.
2. Understand the problematic issues of Old Testament theology.
3. Appreciate the significance of the Old Testament for the Church.
4. Apply Old Testament theology to life and ministry.
Dyrness, William. Themes in Old Testament Theology. Downer’s Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1979.
2. Collateral Reading: The learner will read 1,000 pages from the following list of
supplemental textbooks. At least one book must be read in its entirety. The reading will be assessed by an annotated bibliography. (See below.)
Hasel, Gerhard. Old Testament Theology: Basic Issues in the Current Debate. 4th rev.
ed. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.
Hubbard, Robert L. Jr., et al. Studies in Old Testament Theology. Dallas: Word, 1992.
Kaiser, Walter C. Jr. Toward an Old Testament Theology. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1991.
Martens, Elmer A. God’s Design: A Focus on Old Testament Theology. 3rd ed. N. Richland Hills, TX: D & F Scott Publishing, 1997.
Sailhammer, John H. Introduction to Old Testament Theology: A Canonical Approach. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1995.
Wright, Christopher J. H. Knowing Jesus Through the Old Testament. Downer’s Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1995.
Zuck, Roy B., ed. A Biblical Theology of the Old Testament. Chicago: Moody Press, 1991.
CCOOLLLLAABBOORRAATTIIVVEE LLEEAARRNNIINNGG Whether you sit in a traditional classroom or study from a distance, you will benefit from interaction,collaboration, and spiritual formation (ATS schools, note Standards 3.2.1.3; 10,3,3,3; 10.3.4.3). In orderto meet this need in distance theological education, ITS is developing structures and resources toencourage spiritual formation and community interaction in our courses. In this course, we haveincluded three collaborative learning features:
1. ITS Online Interactivity Forum (see course requirements) – fosters peer-to-peer interaction in a global, threaded discussion (required for all students)
2. Spiritual Formation Project (see course requirements) – fosters mentor-to-learner interaction in a mentor-guided reflection, discussion and application (required for all students)
3. Learning Community Assignments (see end of syllabus) – fosters peer-to-peer collaboration in a group approach to assignments (optional but recommended where possible)
Go to www.ITScourses.org/interactivity/ for the most up-to-date ITS resources.
Learning Activity #1 – Lectures Listen carefully to each of the twenty-four lectures, utilizing the lecture outline as a guide and the note-taking page for recording thoughts. You should find a quiet environment that limits unnecessary distractions.
Objective: to accumulate course content through active and careful listening. Learning Activity #2 – Required reading/reports Annotated Bibliography – all reading will be stipulated and summarized in an annotated bibliography to be turned in upon completion of the course. For each reading, you will list the number of pages and a one-paragraph annotation. Remember, at least one complete book must be read. (See “course texts” above.) Objective: to acquire a deeper, broader knowledge of course content and to
demonstrate that knowledge through brief written assignments.
Learning Activity #3 – Study Questions Answer the study questions provided after each lecture. The answers to these questions will be turned into your proctor before the final examination. Participating in these questions will better prepare you for the exam and assignments. Objective: to foster immediate and cognitive interaction with the lecture content
and to encourage evaluation of where you stand in relation to that content. Learning Activity #4 – Ministry Research Paper Write a paper (approximately ten pages) on the significance of the Old Testament for ministry in a particular area of your choice. Choose from one of the subjects below, or secure approval from your proctor for an alternative. Objective: to apply the principles of Old Testament theology to life and ministry.
Read the assigned book for the given topic area, and do other reading and
research as needed.
Evaluate the required book’s contribution in this area.
Formulate your personal contribution to the topic based upon further reading, reflection, etc.
Detail some specific ministry plans in this area as a result of your study.
POTENTIAL SUBJECTS:
Worship: David Peterson, Engaging with God OR Andrew Hill, Enter His Courts with Praise
Ethics: Christopher Wright, Walking in the Ways of the Lord Prayer: Patrick Miller, They Cried to the Lord
OR Samuel Balentine, Prayer in the Hebrew Bible Holiness: John Gammie, Holiness in Israel Election: David Novak, The Election of Israel Justice: Moshe Weinfeld, Social Justice in Ancient Israel
OR Walter Brueggemann, Interpretation and Obedience Anthropology: Hans Walter Wolff, Anthropology in the Old Testament Theodicy/suffering: Walter Brueggemann, The Psalms and the Life of Faith
OR Robert Davidson, The Courage to Doubt OR Terence Fretheim, The Suffering of God
Environmental stewardship: Wesley Granberg-Michaelson, Tending the Garden
OR Fred Van Dyke, Redeeming Creation General: Christopher Wright, Knowing Jesus Through the Old Testament
Learning Activity #5 – Evaluation Paper Write a brief paper (three to five pages) evaluating Dr. Kaiser’s proposal of promise theology in light of all your research in the course. You should suggest strengths and/or weaknesses of Dr. Kaiser’s approach, and if you differ with it significantly, you should provide a tentative alternative proposal. Objective: to articulate Dr. Kaiser’s approach in your own words, and to critique
that approach in light of the Scriptures. Learning Activity #6 – ITS Online Interactivity Forum Participate with other students worldwide in an ongoing asynchronous threaded discussion of two major course topics. Go to www.ITScourses.org/interactivity/ to register for and enter the ITS On-Line Forum. In order to get the fullest benefit from the Forum, complete the assignment after you have listened to all the lectures. Be sure to return to the forum after finishing the course to see how others respond. Follow these steps to complete the assignment:
Post an original answer to each question for your course (75 word min.). Post your response to any previous answer given to each question (75 word
min.). Submit a document to your proctor that contains the original questions, your
postings, and the postings to which you responded.
NOTE: Please read the “Assignment Instructions” in the Forum for details.
Objective: to develop critical thinking skills through personal interaction with the content of the course and the responses of others within a diverse community of learners.
Learning Activity #7 – Spiritual Formation Project RRAATTIIOONNAALLEE:: Ministry preparation and the Christian life require more than academic exercises. Learners also need personal, spiritual formation, which involves theological reflection and critical thinking on their current practices and assumptions. This process occurs as learners engage in self-reflection and interaction in a community of learning. With this in mind, ITS includes in all courses a capstone project addressing these issues and facilitating interaction beyond the formal learning environment (ATS schools, note Standards 3.2.1.3; 4.1.1; 10.3.3.3).
Write a five-to-six page reflective essay and interview a mentor, discussing the spiritual impact of this course on your life. Identify your mentor early in the course, and submit the essay to your grader when you take the final exam. This last project should not be a summary of course content, but an application of course principles. Complete the following: 1. Personal Reflection and Evaluation: Reflect on the course – To integrate your
academic studies with your walk of faith, reflect on the content of the course and evaluate your life in light of what you learned. a. Follow these steps in your reflection:
Step 1: What one theme, principle, or concept in the course is the most significant to you personally? Why is it significant?
Step 2: What portion(s) of the course brought this theme/principle/concept to light?
Step 3: Think about your past. Why is it vital now for you to deal with and apply this theme/principle/concept?
Step 4: How should this affect your thoughts and actions, and what specific steps should you take to concretely apply what you have learned?
b. Write your answers to the above questions in full paragraph form. (Recommended length for this reflection: approximately three pages)
c. Give a copy of this reflection to your mentor (see #2).
2. Community Reflection and Interaction: Interview a mentor – Since the Holy Spirit uses the input of others to guide and form His people, interview a mentor according to the following guidelines:
a. Who should you interview? (1-3 are required; 4-6 are recommended)
1. Someone with whom you have a reasonably close relationship. 2. Someone who is a mature Christian ministry leader (i.e. a pastor). 3. Someone who is not your grader or a family member. 4. Someone who values the spiritual formation process. 5. Someone who is familiar with and values the subject of the course. 6. Someone who has experience using the content of the course in ministry. NOTE: Identify your mentor early in the course, and give him/her the page entitled “Guidelines for Mentors.”
b. Focus of the interview – Your interview should focus on the issues and questions
you raise in your essay. For example:
What feedback can your mentor give in response to your essay? In light of the course content, are the conclusions you made appropriate? Why
or why not? What additional advice, deeper insights or broader applications might he/she
suggest from his/her own life and ministry? NOTE: Conduct this interview either in person (preferred) or over the phone. Do not use electronic communication (i.e. email, instant messenger, etc). Suggested length: 45 minutes.
3. Synthesis and Application: Draw your final conclusions – Having reflected on
the course and the discussion with your mentor, synthesize what you have learned in these three sections:
a. Section 1: Begin your essay with the personal reflection from #1 above. This
should be exactly what you gave your mentor for the interview. b. Section 2: Comment on your interview, explaining what you discussed and the
insights you gained from your mentor. Include the following:
What were the mentor’s comments regarding your essay? What advice did he/she give? How did his/her comments expand or correct your application of the course? Include the person’s name, occupation, and the length of the interview.
c. Section 3: Conclude with a synthesis of what you have learned. Answer the
following:
If your mentor corrected any thoughts in your “Personal Reflection and Evaluation”, how do you feel about these corrections? Do you agree or disagree? Why? Synthesizing your thoughts from section one and your mentor’s insight in
section two, what final conclusions have you reached? How is this different from section one? In light of the interview and further reflection, what additional, specific
changes need to occur in your life and what concrete steps will you take to implement them?
NNOOTTEE TTOO SSTTUUDDEENNTTSS:: Your effort in this assignment will determine its benefit. If by the end of this course you have not yet reflected critically on your life in light of what you have studied, allow this assignment to guide you in that process. The instructor for this course will not score your essay based on the amount of spiritual fruit you describe; so do not exaggerate (or trivialize) what you have learned. The primary grading criteria is that you have thoughtfully considered the principles of the course and realistically sought to apply them to your life. If you have done this and met the minimal requirements (as noted above), you will earn the full points for this assignment.
Note on confidentiality: Perhaps the Holy Spirit is dealing with you in some very personal areas of your life. Because of this, your grader will keep your essay entirely confidential and either return or discard it.
Objective: to stimulate reflection and interaction on course principles in order to enhance personal spiritual formation.
Revised 10/05 Learning Activity #8 – Final Exam At the end of the course, you will participate in a final exam. The exam will primarily cover Dr. Kaiser’s lecture material.
Objective: to reinforce and assess knowledge of lecture content.
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Reading (as assessed by annotated bibliography).....................10% Study Questions.........................................................................10% Ministry Research Paper ............................................................25% Promise Theology Evaluation Paper ..........................................20% ITS Online Interactivity Forum......................................................5% Spiritual Formation Project .........................................................10% Final Exam ............................................................................... 20% Total .............. 100%
The Old Testament as the Christian Problem Anderson, Bernhard W. “Introduction: The Old Testament as a Christian Problem.” In
The Old Testament and Christian Faith, ed. Bernhard W. Anderson. New York: Harper and Row, 1963.
Baker, D. L. Two Testaments: One Bible. Downers Grove: InterVarsity, 1976.
Barker, Kenneth L. “False Dichotomies Between the Testaments.” Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society 25 (1982): 3-16.
Bright, John. The Authority of the Old Testament. Nashville: Abingdon, 1967.
Bruce, F. F. The Christian Approach to the Old Testament. London: InterVarsity, 1955.
Brunner, Emil. “The Significance of the Old Testament for Our Faith.” In The Old Testament and Christian Faith, ed. Bernhard W. Anderson, 243-64. New York: Harper and Row, 1963.
Bultmann, Rudolf. “The Significance of the Old Testament for the Christian Faith.” In The Old Testament and Christian Faith, ed. Bernhard W. Anderson, 8-35. New York: Harper and Row, 1963.
Chamblin, Knox. “The Law of Moses and the Law of Christ.” In Continuity and Discontinuity, ed. John
Feinberg, Paul. “Hermeneutics and Discontinuity.” In Continuity and Discontinuity, ed. John Feinberg, 109-128. Westchester, Il.: Crossway Books, 1988.
Gemeren, Willem, van. “Systems of Continuity.” In Continuity and Discontinuity, ed. John Feinberg, 37-64. Westchester, Il.: Crossway Books, 1988.
Goldingay, John. “‘That You May Know That Yahweh is God’: A Study in the Relationship between Theology and Historical Truth in the Old Testament.” Tyndale Bulletin 23 (1972): 58-93.
________. Theological Diversity and the Authority of the Old Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1987.
Gunneweg, A. H. J. Understanding the Old Testament. Trans. John Bowden. Philadelphia: Westminster, 1978.
Kaiser, Walter C., Jr. “Kingdom Promises as Spiritual and National.” In Continuity and
Discontinuity, ed. John Feinberg, 289-307. Westchester, Il.; Crossway Books, 1988.
Lohfink, N. The Christian Meaning of the Old Testament. London: Burns and Oates, 1969.
Lys, Daniel. The Meaning of the Old Testament: An Essay in Hermeneutics. Nashville: Abingdon,1967.
Mayo, S. M. The Relevance of the Old Testament for Christian Faith: Biblical Theology and Interpretive Methodology. Washington, D.C.: University Press of America, 1982.
Moo, Douglas J. “The Law of Moses or the Law of Christ.” In Continuity and Discontinuity, ed. John Feinberg, 203-218. Westchester, IL: Crossway Books, 1988.
Petersen, Rodney. “The Debate Throughout Church History.” In Continuity and Discontinuity, ed. John Feinberg, 17-34. Westchester, Il.: Crossway Books, 1988.
Reid, W. Stanford. “The New Testament Belief in an Old Testament Church.” Evangelical Quarterly 24-25 (1952-53): 194-205.
Robertson, O. Palmer. “Hermeneutics of Continuity.” In Continuity and Discontinuity, ed. John Feinberg, 89-108. Westchester, Il.: Crossway Books, 1988.
Ruler, A. A. van. The Christian Church and the Old Testament. Trans. Geoffrey W. Bromiley. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1966.
Runia, Klaus. “The Interpretation of the Old Testament by the New Testament.” Theological Students’ Fellowship Bulletin 49 (1967): 9-18.
Saphir, Adolph. Christ and the Scriptures. London: Hodder and Stroughton, 1867.
Saucy, Robert L. “Israel and the Church: A Case for Discontinuity.” In Continuity and Discontinuity, ed. John Feinberg, 239-259. Westchester, IL: Crossway Books, 1988.
Waltke, Bruce K. “Is It Right to Read the New Testament Into the Old?” Christianity Today 27 (1983): 77.
________. “Kingdom Promises as Spiritual.” In Continuity and Discontinuity, ed. John Feinberg, 263-288. Westchester, IL: Crossway Books, 1988.
Woudstra, Marten H. “Israel and the Church: A Case for Continuity.” In Continuity and Discontinuity, ed. John Feinberg, 221-238. Westchester, Il.: Crossway Books,
1988.
Wright, Christopher J. H. Knowing Jesus through the Old Testament. Downers Grove, IL:InterVarsity Press, 1995.
Old Testament Theology
Achtemeier, Paul & Elizabeth. The Old Testament Roots of Our Faith. Nashville:
Abingdon, 1962.
Barr, J. “The Problem of Old Testament Theology and the History of Religion.” Canadian Journal of Theology 3 (1957): 141-149.
Beker, J. Christiaan. “Reflections on Biblical Theology.” Interpretation 24 (1970): 303-320.
Bruce, F. F. The New Testament Development of Old Testament Themes. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1973.
Burrows, Millar. An Outline of Biblical Theology. Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1946.
Childs, B. S. Biblical Theology in Crisis. Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1970.
_______. Old Testament Theology in a Canonical Context. Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1985.
Clements, R. E. “The Problem of Old Testament Theology.” London Quarterly and Holborn Review (Jan 1965): 11-17.
Dentan, Robert E. Preface to Old Testament Theology. 2nd. ed. New York: Seabury Press, 1963.
Dyrness, W. Themes in Old Testament Theology. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1979.
Dumbrell, W. J. Covenant and Creation: A Theology of Old Testament Covenants. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1993.
Eichrodt, Walther. Theologie des AT, 3 vols. (Leipzig, 1933, 1935, 1939). Trans. Theology of the Old Testament, 2 vols. Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1961, 1967.
Gilkey, L. B. “Cosmology, Ontology, and the Travail of Biblical Language.” Journal of Religion 41 (1961): 194-205.
Payne, J. Barton. The Theology of the Older Testament. Grand Rapids: Zondervan,
1962.
Rad, Gerhard von. Teologie des AI, 2 vols. (Munich, 1957, 1960). Trans. Old Testament Theology, 2 vols. New York: Harper & Row, 1965.
Robertson, O. Palmer. The Christ of the Covenants. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1980.
Rowley, H. H. The Faith of Israel, Aspects of Old Testament Thought. London: SCM, 1956.
Sailhamer, John H. Introduction to Old Testament Theology: A Canonical Approach. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1995.
Schofield, J. N. Introducing Old Testament Theology. Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1964.
Smart, James D. The Past, Present, and Future of Biblical Theology. Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1979.
Smith, Ralph L. Old Testament Theology. Nashville: Broadman & Holman, 1993.
Spriggs, D. D. Two Old Testament Theologies SBT, 2/30. Naperville: Allenson, 1974.
Stek, John H. “Biblical Typology Yesterday and Today.” Calvin Theological Journal 5 (1970): 133-162.
Terrien, S. The Elusive Presence: Toward a New Biblical Theology. San Francisco: Harper & Row, 1978.
Vaux, R. de. “Peut-on ecrire une ‘theologie de l’AT’?” Bible et Orient (Paris, 1967), 59-71. Trans. “Is It Possible to Write a ‘Theology of the OT’?” The Bible and the Ancient Near East. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1971, 49-62.
Vriezen, Th. C. Hoofdlijnen der Theologie van het Oude Testament. (Wageningen, 1954.) 2nd rev. English ed. An Outline of Old Testament Theology. Newton, Ma.: Branford, 1970.
Westermann, C. Theologie des Alten Testaments in Grundzugen. (Gottingen, 1978.) Trans. Elements of Old Testament Theology. Atlanta: John Knox Press, 1982.
Wright, G. E. God Who Acts: Biblical Theology as Recital. SBT, 8. Naperville: Allenson, 1952.
Zimmerli, W. Grundriss der alttestamentlichen Theologie (Theologische Wissenschaft, 3). (Stuttgart, 1972.) Trans. Old Testament Theology in Outline. Atlanta: Abingdon Press, 1978.
(Students, give this sheet to your mentor for the Spiritual Formation Project.)
Thank you for your involvement in this student’s ITS coursework. We believe the Christian life is more than an academic exercise, so we encourage students to critically reflect on their life in light of what they learn and then apply those insights to the daily life of faith. Therefore, students taking ITS courses are required to complete a final assignment called the “Spiritual Formation Project.” This assignment involves two parts: an essay and an interview:
The ESSAY: After completing their coursework, students reflect on the content of the course, evaluate their lives, and discuss the one theme, principle or concept that is most significant to them and why. Students are to identify specific ways this theme/principle/concept should apply to their lives and what action steps they plan to take in order to make these changes a reality. The INTERVIEW: After writing this reflection, students give a copy to their mentor and meet with him/her to discuss their thoughts and get feedback. The goal of this interview is to facilitate the student’s growth through interaction with a mature believer.
You do not need to be famiprimarily respond to the thsubject matter of the course
Prior to meeting with the stprepare to discuss the follo
1. What feedback can2. Are the student’s co3. What additional ad
from your own life
Meet with the student eithecommunication (i.e. email,
Suggested length of the inte
Thanks again for participating student in the application procvaluable process for all who wis NOTE: If the student’s school makreplace those described here.
NOTES ON THE INTERVIEW:
liar with the course to participate in this interview. You will oughts of the student. (However, general knowledge of the and/or experience applying it to ministry is valuable.)
udent, read his/her “Personal Reflection and Evaluation” and wing:
you give the student in response to his/her essay? nclusions from the course appropriate? Why or why not?
vice, deeper insights or broader applications would you suggest and ministry?
r in person (preferred) or over the phone. Do not use electronic instant messenger, etc.).
rview: 45 minutes
he Institute of Theological Studies™
in this project! You have a real opportunity to guide this ess and to help him/her connect academics to life – a h to grow in Christ.
es any changes to this assignment, their requirements should
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This Learning Schedule can benefit you in a number of ways. First, it provides you with a course overview at a glance. Second, it gives you the opportunity to plan your work at the beginning so that you don’t fall behind at the end and sacrifice learning for “cramming.” Third, it allows both you and your proctor a way to measure your progress at any given point in the academic term. Used effectively, this chart will allow you to maximize learning and minimize stress!
AAssssiiggnnmmeenntt TTaarrggeett CCoommpplleetteedd Identify your mentor for the Spiritual Formation Project right away. Lesson 1: The Christian and OT Theology Reading Lecture Questions Lesson 2: God’s Central Plan Reading Lecture Questions Lesson 3: Beginning at the Beginning Reading Lecture Questions Lesson 4: Three Promises Reading Lecture Questions Lesson 5: Faith in the Old Testament Reading Lecture Questions Lesson 6: The People of God in the OT Reading Lecture Questions Make notes from lessons 1-6 for evaluation paper Choose topic for Ministry Research Paper
AAssssiiggnnmmeenntt TTaarrggeett CCoommpplleetteedd Lesson 7: The Law of God in the OT (Part 1) Reading Lecture Questions Lesson 8: The Law of God in the OT (Part 2) Reading Lecture Questions Lesson 9: Theology of the Tabernacling God Reading Lecture Questions Lesson 10: The Theology o the Atonement f Reading Lecture Questions Lesson 11: Wisdom in the Old Testament Reading Lecture Questions Lesson 12: The Promise and the Prophets Reading Lecture Questions Lesson 13: The Messiah in the Old Testament Reading Lecture Questions Lesson 14: The Kingdom in the Old Testament Reading Lecture Questions Do collateral reading Make notes from lessons 7-14 fo evaluation paper r
AAssssiiggnnmmeenntt TTaarrggeett CCoommpplleetteedd Lesson 15: The Day of the Lord in the OT Reading Lecture Questions Lesson 16: The Servant of the LORD in the OT Reading Lecture Questions Lesson 17: Isaiah and Old Testament Theology Reading Lecture Questions Lesson 18: The Inclusion of the Gentiles Reading Lecture Questions Lesson 19: Jeremiah and OT Theology Reading Lecture Questions Lesson 20: The Holy Spirit in the OT Reading Lecture Questions Lesson 21: Ezekiel and OT Theology Reading Lecture Questions Lesson 22: Daniel and OT Theology Reading Lecture Questions Do collateral reading Make notes from lessons 15-22 for evaluation paper
AAssssiiggnnmmeenntt TTaarrggeett CCoommpplleetteedd Lesson 23: The Post-Exilic Prophets Reading Lecture Questions Lesson 24: The OT in Light of the NT Reading Lecture Questions Make notes from lessons 23-24 for evaluation paper Complete evaluation paper Read and Research for Ministry Research Paper Complete Ministry Research Paper Complete collateral reading and report Complete ITS Online Interactivity Forum Complete Spiritual Formation Project Prepare for final examination Complete final examination
How should contemporary Christians relate to the Old Testament? Why does the Old Testament seem to present God, salvation, sin, and faith in such different ways than the New? Dr. Kaiser’s first lecture confronts these and other “problems” of Old Testament theology. In this lesson you will begin to wrestle with the basic issues in Old Testament theology and their importance for your life and ministry.
For whatever was written in earlier times was written for our instruction, so that through perseverance and the
encouragement of the Scriptures we might have hope.
Romans 15:4
LLeeaarrnniinngg OOuuttccoommeess By the end of the lesson you should be able to: Paraphrase various views regarding the significance of the Old Testament.
Explain New Testament support for the significance of the Old Testament.
Consider the value of the Old Testament for your life and ministry.
SSttuuddyy QQuueessttiioonnss 1. Dr. Kaiser begins with this question: “Why should a Christian get involved with
the Old Testament, and what is the use or significance of that text for us today?” Paraphrase the responses given by the following theologians:
a. Emo Kraeling b. A.H.J. Gunneweg c. Bernard Anderson 2. Indicate Dr. Kaiser’s response to the above question in light of the following
Scripture passages: a. John 5:39-46 b. Matthew 5:17-19 c. Romans 15:4 d. 1 Corinthians 10:11 3. Like the heretic Marcion, many contemporary readers see the God of the New
Testament as altogether different than the God of the Old. Using Scripture, how would you argue against such an idea?
4. Reflect on your preconceptions about the relevance of the Old Testament for
today’s Christian. How has it changed after listening to this first lecture? 5. Based on what you have studied so far, how would you employ the Old
Testament in the four uses of Scripture described in II Timothy 3:16?
LLeessssoonn Overview You have already been exposed to the idea of, and the arguments for and against, a central, unifying theme for the Old Testament, and for tying the two testaments together. In this lesson, you will explore the issue in more depth. You will also consider the proposition that a central theme does exist - supported by a strong, clear, and energetic argument for that position. Some of the confusion about this matter should begin to clear. However, it would be wise at this point to remain open to various perspectives on the discussion.
By
“I will make you into a great nation and I will bless you; I will make your name great, and you will be a blessing. I will bless those who bless you, and whoever curses you I will curse; and
all peoples on earth will be blessed through you.”
SSttuuddyy QQuueessttiioonnss 1. Dr. Kaiser begins by presenting his thesis that “The idea of PROMISE ... is one of
the greatest unifying themes used by the biblical writers themselves to integrate the message and the deeds of the Old and the New Testaments.”
Identify the main reason Dr. Kaiser sees PROMISE as the unifying theme of Scripture.
2. Dr. Kaiser next emphasizes that BIBLICAL theology is different from
SYSTEMATIC theology.
Explain what he means by the phrase “analogy of faith.” How does it relate to biblical or systematic theology? Explain what he means by the term “diachronically.” How does it relate to biblical or systematic theology?
3. How do Genesis 3:15 and Genesis 12:3 “fit” into Dr. Kaiser’s paradigm of
Promise Theology? 4. How much importance do you place in God’s promise-plans? Do you trust them
completely? Do you ever wonder if God might “change His mind” about what He has said?
5. You have decided to deliver a sermon on “The Promise.” What will be your main
LLeessssoonn Overview In this lesson, you will begin to look into the Old Testament text to explore Old Testament theology. Dr. Kaiser’s lecture will focus on foundational blessings in Genesis, but you will also make your own discoveries in Genesis before the lecture. Dyrness’ book will enable you to see further development of themes from Genesis in the rest of Scripture.
“And I will put enmity between you and the woman, and between your seed and her seed; He shall bruise you on the
head, and you shall bruise him on the heel.”
Genesis 3:15
LLeeaarrnniinngg OOuuttccoommeess By the end of the lesson you should be able to: Explain the use of “seed” in Genesis.
List the three foundational blessings.
Relate Genesis to Old Testament theology.
Evaluate biblical support for promise theology.
Apply theological themes from Genesis to your life and ministry.
During this lesson, you will continue to explore the Book of Genesis, as Dr. Kaiser further develops the promise theme. By reading in Dyrness, you will also learn about the significant themes of God’s self-revelation and covenant that emerge from Genesis 12-50.
By
“For I have chosen him, so that he will direct his children and his household after him to keep the way of the LORD by doing
what is right and just, so that the LORD will bring about for Abraham what he has promised him.”
Genesis 18:19
LLeeaarrnniinngg OOuuttccoommeess
the end of the lesson you should be able to:
List the three major promises in Genesis 12-50.
Apply theological themes in Genesis to evangelism.
Explain the Old Testament theological themes of covenant and God’s self-
SSttuuddyy QQuueessttiioonnss 1. From your reading in Dyrness (28-29), explain how the revelation of the name of
God is significant. 2. Early in the lecture, Dr. Kaiser mentions a key “distinctive feature” of the
patriarchal age that is often neglected. Identify this feature and show its importance.
3. Describe the “Three Promises” mentioned by Dr. Kaiser. 4. In Dyrness’ discussion on the covenants (112-126), he listed numerous
theological implications. Name three of these implications and demonstrate their relevance to “everyday” life.
5. Reflect on the significance of a God who keeps covenant: how is your life
different (practically) in light of this rich truth? 6. You are a contributing author for a new book on how obedience relates to saving
faith. The chapter that you are writing deals with the Abrahamic covenant. Provide a brief overview of how God’s covenant and Abraham’s response relate to this difficult issue.
In this lesson, you will explore the importance of faith in the Old Testament, as Dr. Kaiser examines the life of Abraham. After the lecture, you will consider how this theology of faith should affect evangelism today.
G
By t
And the scripture was fulfilled that says, "Abraham believed od, and it was credited to him as righteousness," and he was
called God's friend.
James 2:23
LLeeaarrnniinngg OOuuttccoommeess
he end of this lesson you should be able to:
Compare Abraham’s faith in God to the Christian’s faith in Christ.
Apply Old Testament faith to contemporary missions and evangelism.
1. Early in the lecture, Dr. Kaiser mentions the “novel part” of his argument. Explain what that is.
2. Dr. Kaiser suggests that Genesis 15:6 is the key verse on faith in the Old
Testament. Yet there is a delay in Genesis 12-14 before the text describes Abraham’s faith. Identify the reason for this delay.
3. After developing this key point in the text, Dr. Kaiser gives an example of how
Abraham’s faith relates to missions. Summarize this example, and evaluate Dr. Kaiser’s approach.
4. In the last portion of the lecture, Dr. Kaiser discusses the similarities between
Abraham’s faith and our faith in Christ. Provide examples from Genesis that contrast a “works” approach by Abraham with a “faith” approach.
5. Compare your journey of faith to that of Abraham. What role do works play in
your life? Can your faith be “seen”? 6. Frequently, an evangelistic tract will have a section that explains the redemptive
work of Christ, followed by a section that describes how the unbeliever should respond. In light of what you have learned about Abraham’s faith, develop that latter section of a tract that describes how an unbeliever should respond to the gospel.
What does it mean to be a “people of God”? What privileges and responsibilities come with that title? Dr. Kaiser discusses these and related question as he lectures on the theology of the people of God in the Old Testament. Reading Exodus will keep you familiar with the text upon which Dr. Kaiser draws.
LLeeaarrnniinngg OOuuttccoommeess
By the end of the lesson you should be able to: Explain Old Testament theological themes regarding the people of God.
List the three parts of the tripartite formula.
Apply the concepts of covenant and election to life and ministry.
Relate Exodus to Old Testament theology.
“Now if you obey me fully and keep my covenant, then out of all nations you will be my treasured possession. Although the
whole earth is mine, you will be for me a kingdom of priests and a holy nation.”
Exodus 19:5-6
PPllaann ttoo LLiisstteenn
RReeaaddiinngg
The Book of Exodus
LLeeccttuurree OOuuttlliinnee
Introduction
I. Israel as God’s Son
A. The Texts
1. Exodus 4:22, 23; Deuteronomy 1:31; 32:6 (Hosea 11:1; Matthew
2:15)
2. Israel as God’s “firstborn”
a. Jacob was number two child, Genesis 25:25, 26
b. Ephraim was number two child, yet “firstborn,” Jeremiah
31:9
3. The collective solidarity of terms, “My son,” “My firstborn”
SSttuuddyy QQuueessttiioonnss 1. After reading Exodus, summarize what you think are the purpose and major
themes of the book. 2. Explain how these themes relate to the idea of “promise.” 3. Identify the three elements of the “tripartite formula” as found in Exodus and
throughout Scripture. 4. Dr. Kaiser discusses Israel as God’s “son” and “firstborn.” Show the significance
of these terms as they relate to the term “seed.” 5. Synthesizing the various terms for Israel that God uses, describe how the
Israelites should have understood their relationship to Yahweh. 6. Ponder the implications of the tripartite formula for your life. Do you rest in
these promises? What are three specific ways this formula applies to you?
During this lesson, Dr. Kaiser discusses the theology of the law of God in the Old Testament. You will gain a slightly different perspective from reading Dyrness’ book. You will also read and reflect upon the Book of Deuteronomy as you try to formulate your own position.
For we maintain that a man is justified by faith apart from observing the law … do we, then, nullify the law by this faith?
Not at all! Rather, we uphold the law.
Romans 3:28-31
LLeeaarrnniinngg OOuuttccoommeess
By the end of the lesson you should be able to: Describe the three parts of Old Testament law.
Describe the two types of laws.
Synthesize proposals regarding Old Testament law.
Generate new approaches to the problem of Old Testament law.
Relate Deuteronomy to the problem of Old Testament law.
In this lesson we continue to follow Dr. Kaiser’s and Dr. Dyrness’ teaching on the Law of God, and in particular how it forms the ethical life of His people. You will also reflect upon how you would handle Old Testament law in your future ministry.
He has showed you, O man, what is good. And what does the LORD require of you? To act justly and to love mercy and to
walk humbly with your God.
Micah 6:8
LLeeaarrnniinngg OOuuttccoommeess
By the end of the lesson you should be able to: Explain the basis for the moral law.
Apply Old Testament ethics to life and ministry.
Generate new approaches to the problem of Old Testament law.
SSttuuddyy QQuueessttiioonnss 1. Describe in your own words the five characteristics of a biblical ethic. 2. Explain how Dr. Kaiser connected “biblical ethic” to promise doctrine. 3. According to Kaiser, what is the basis for moral law? 4. Summarize Dr. Kaiser’s structure for the Ten Commandments. 5. The question of the relevance of the Old Testament law for today is a vital one
for your future ministry. Do you accept the distinction between moral, ceremonial, and civil law? Do you believe that only what the New Testament repeats is binding, or that everything the New Testament does not cancel is binding?
6. Provide an example of a particular OT law that can be “universalized” and
LLeessssoonn OOvveerrvviieeww This lesson explores Old Testament worship, especially as it relates to the Tabernacle. After reading Leviticus, you will further explore this topic through Dr. Kaiser’s lecture and through reading in Dyrness. Finally, you will pause to consider how this Old Testament theology should affect the practice of worship in your church.
The LORD replied, “My Presence will go with you, and I will give you rest.”
Exodus 33:14
LLeeaarrnniinngg OOuuttccoommeess By the end of the lesson you will be able to: List the four major elements of the character of God.
Explain how elements of the tabernacle show transcendence and immanence.
Explain the Old Testament themes of self-revelation and the Tabernacle.
Apply Old Testament theological themes to worship and evangelism.
SSttuuddyy QQuueessttiioonnss 1. Explain how the Tabernacle relates to the tripartite formula. 2. Noting the differences between the terms “shakan” and “yashab,” show how the
Tabernacle relates to the balance between the transcendence and immanence of God.
3. Describe the four forms of God’s presence. 4. According to your reading in Dyrness, summarize the significance of the following
events: The Feast of Unleavened Bread
The Feast of Weeks
The Feast of the Booths
The Day of Atonement
The Sabbath
A Covenant Renewal Ceremony
5. Consider the worship service at your church. How is it reminiscent of Old
Testament worship of God? What are some specific changes you would like to make in the worship practices of your church as a result of this study?
This lesson continues the focus on the worship of God in the Old Testament, but develops how the human approach to God is affected by sin. Dr. Kaiser’s lecture examines Old Testament teaching about sin: its source, its characteristics, and its atonement. Dr. Kaiser then discusses how the Old Testament sacrificial system dealt with sin.
“I am the LORD who brought you up out of Egypt to be your God; therefore be holy, because I am holy.”
Leviticus 11:45
LLeeaarrnniinngg OOuuttccoommeess
By the end of the lesson you will be able to: Explain cleanness vs. uncleanness.
SSttuuddyy QQuueessttiioonnss 1. Summarize Dr. Kaiser’s definition of sin. 2. Explain Kaiser’s view of Numbers 15:17-36 (the “sin of a high hand”). 3. According to Kaiser, what (if any) distinction can be made between unconscious
and deliberate sins? 4. Describe the effectiveness of the OT sacrificial system in relation to sin. How are
they effective in each of the following senses? Subjectively:
Objectively:
Authoritatively:
Extensively: 5. Reflect on how this lesson has challenged your beliefs about sin. How has your
thinking been changed or confirmed? 6. Imagine that you are counseling a woman who is struggling with the guilt of
having had an abortion. Before conversion, she believed it was the mother’s choice; now, upon reflecting on Scripture, she is coming to grips with the magnitude of her sin. In light of this lesson, describe briefly how you would counsel her.
Dr. Kaiser shifts his focus in this lesson from the Pentateuch to the Wisdom Literature. He attempts to relate the theme of promise to the teaching of these wisdom books. In addition to listening to his lecture, you will read in Dyrness about wisdom as a theme, and you will reflect on how you can apply wisdom literature to your life and ministry.
The fear of the LORD is the beginning of knowledge, but fools despise wisdom and discipline.
Proverbs 1:7
LLeeaarrnniinngg OOuuttccoommeess
By the end of the lesson you will be able to: Identify the major themes of the wisdom books.
Explore the biblical meaning of wisdom.
Describe the link between the wisdom literature and the promise.
Evaluate promise theology in view of wisdom literature.
Apply your understanding of wisdom literature to preaching ministry.
SSttuuddyy QQuueessttiioonnss 1. What dominant concept in the wisdom literature is textually linked to the
promise? 2. Explain the message of Proverbs, according to Dr. Kaiser. 3. From your reading in Dyrness, describe the limitation and promise of wisdom
literature. 4. According to Dyrness, what are the goal and methods of wisdom (192ff.)? 5. Evaluate Dr. Kaiser’s promise theology in light of wisdom literature. Is “promise”
an adequate center for Old Testament theology, or do you agree with others who say that promise cannot account for the themes of wisdom literature?
6. You are preparing to lead a Bible study on Proverbs. Although wisdom literature
is very practical by nature, you desire to show how Proverbs is related to Christ. Write an introductory paragraph that will demonstrate to your students that there is more to Proverbs than “daily tidbits.”
This lesson marks another major transition, as we move from the Wisdom Literature to the Prophetic Literature. Dr. Kaiser’s lecture introduces the major themes found in the prophetic books. Your reading in Dyrness will further acquaint you with the background of the prophets.
“If my people, who are called by my name, will humble themselves and pray and seek my face and turn from their
wicked ways, then will I hear from heaven and will forgive theirsin and will heal their land.”
2 Chronicles 7:14
LLeeaarrnniinngg OOuuttccoommeess
By the end of the lesson you will be able to: Explain the differences between midrash, pesher, typology, and grammatical-
historical exegesis.
Explain how these methods relate to the doctrine of the Messiah.
Describe theological themes in the prophets.
Apply themes in the prophets to contemporary society.
1. What is the most central word that describes the prophets’ message, and what central text illustrates that message?
2. In light of Jeremiah 36, describe how prophets received God’s Word. 3. From Dyrness, explain Israel’s “double hope” for a “prophet like Moses” (212-
214). 4. Summarize the message of the prophets as explained by Dyrness (219-224). 5. Consider your response to a culture permeated by sin. How does it compare to
that of the prophets? Do you have the same abhorrence for sin? How do you “take a stand” for what is right?
6. Identify three specific ways in which you can change your relationship to the
While both profound and mysterious, the Old Testament doctrine of the Messiah is central to the promise-plan of God. In this lesson, Dr. Kaiser discusses two major questions regarding the Old Testament prophetic material: how is the Messiah referred to, and how does this doctrine relate to the promise-plan of God?
He said to them, “How foolish you are, and how slow of heart to believe all that the prophets have spoken! Did not the Christ
have to suffer these things and then enter his glory?” And beginning with Moses and all the Prophets, he explained to them what was said in all the Scriptures concerning himself.
Luke 24:25-27
LLeeaarrnniinngg OOuuttccoommeess
By the end of the lesson you will be able to: Explain how the corporate and the singular both relate to the term “Servant.”
Explain how the theology of the Messiah relates to promise theology.
Familiarize yourself with various interpretations of the doctrine of the Messiah.
SSttuuddyy QQuueessttiioonnss 1. Briefly describe how modern scholars (including many evangelicals) have, in Dr.
Kaiser’s opinion, misunderstood the messianic expectation of the OT, and how the NT counters this misunderstanding.
2. By what interpretive methods did the church find the Messiah in the OT? 3. According to Kaiser, what is the better term to use for the doctrine: Messiah or
Servant? Explain his reasoning. 4. Summarize Isaiah’s use of the terms “Servant” / “Seed” (single/plural). In
particular, how does chapter fifty-three argue against a plural rendering? 5. Discuss Dr. Kaiser’s solution to the promise / prediction argument. 6. What implications do the One/Many referents of “Servant” and “Seed” have for
This lesson examines a major aspect of Old Testament material: namely, the kingdom of God. Dr. Kaiser explains the roots of the kingdom in God’s promise to David, which renews the promises made to the patriarchs. You will explore the kingdom books of Samuel, Kings and Chronicles, and consider how they relate to the theme of promise and to your life and ministry today.
“When your days are over and you rest with your fathers, I will raise up your offspring to succeed you, who will come from
your own body, and I will establish his kingdom. He is the one who will build a house for my Name, and I will establish the
throne of his kingdom forever.”
2 Samuel 7:12-13
LLeeaarrnniinngg OOuuttccoommeess
By the end of the lesson you will be able to: List the key elements of the promise to David.
Explain the significance of the Davidic Covenant for the promise.
Apply Old Testament theological themes to life and ministry.
Relate the kingdom books to Old Testament theology.
SSttuuddyy QQuueessttiioonnss 1. From your Scripture reading, summarize what you think are the themes and
purposes for 1-2 Samuel, 1-2 Kings, and 1-2 Chronicles. 2. From your reading, note any contributions these books make to the promise-plan
of the Old Testament. 3. How does Dr. Kaiser suggest we reconcile the perceived conditional elements of
the Davidic Promise with the unconditional promise to Abraham? 4. Dr. Kaiser mentioned nine ways in which the Davidic Promise is similar to the
Abrahamic and Mosaic Covenants. Identify five of those ways. 5. Describe the four key elements of the Davidic Promise as seen in 2 Samuel 7. 6. Reflect on the theological and practical implications of the messianic kingdom for
your own life. List three specific applications for your life and ministry.
LLeessssoonn OOvveerrvviieeww This lesson examines another major aspect of the prophetic material: the Day of the Lord. Dr. Kaiser lectures on the context and theology of this important prophetic theme, and discusses its significance for Israel and the Church today.
But the day of the Lord will come like a thief … and the earth and everything in it will be laid bare. Since everything will be destroyed in this way, what kind of people ought you to be?
You ought to live holy and godly lives as you look forward to the day of God and speed its coming.
2 Peter 3:10-12
LLeeaarrnniinngg OOuuttccoommeess
By the end of the lesson you will be able to: Explain the concept of the Day of the Lord and its key themes.
Apply Old Testament theological themes to life and ministry.
Relate Joel and Obadiah to Old Testament theology.
SSttuuddyy QQuueessttiioonnss 1. Explain how the ministries of Elijah and Elisha prepare for the writing prophets. 2. Describe the timing of the Day of the Lord, according to Dr. Kaiser. Include the
significance of the words qarob (“near”) and ba (“it comes”). 3. Using Dr. Kaiser as your guide, characterize the Day of the Lord in your own
words. 4. Though the prophets have given us powerful teaching about the coming Day of
the Lord, there are still some unanswered questions. Reflect on how Christians have tried to “answer” questions that Scriptures do not address. Can you think of any examples? What are some ways you can safeguard yourself in avoiding this in your ministry?
5. How can you best prepare yourself and those in your ministry for the Day of the
This lesson examines a significant portrait of the Messiah in the prophetic material: the Servant of the Lord. Dr Kaiser discusses the usage of the term, examining the various places and ways the word is utilized in the prophetic books. After discussing the usage, Dr. Kaiser lectures on the important theological implications of the concept.
“Here is my servant, whom I uphold, my chosen one in whom I delight; I will put my Spirit on him and he will bring justice to
the nations.”
Isaiah 42:1
LLeeaarrnniinngg OOuuttccoommeess
By the end of the lesson you will be able to: Explain the singular and corporate aspects of the Servant of the Lord.
Explain how the Servant of the Lord relates to messianic doctrine and to Isaiah.
Relate Isaiah to Old Testament theology.
Apply Old Testament theology to preaching ministry.
SSttuuddyy QQuueessttiioonnss 1. Explain “corporate solidarity,” including Dr. Kaiser’s contemporary illustration of
the concept. 2. Identify which New Testament text uses Isaiah 42, and how it does so. 3. Summarize the significance of Isaiah 53 as a messianic passage. 4. After listening to Dr. Kaiser, briefly describe what the term “Servant” means. 5. The corporate solidarity of the Servant, including Israel’s unfaithfulness and
Christ’s faithfulness, calls for a faithful response from us. What implications for your life and ministry as a servant leader arise from this concept? Name three.
This lesson explores important Old Testament theological themes as they are found in the second half of Isaiah, which is often called the Romans of the Old Testament. Dr. Kaiser discusses such concepts as the “incomparability of Yahweh,” the culmination of history, and the role of Isaiah in God’s promise-plan. In addition to listening to Dr. Kaiser’s lecture, you will also explore the biblical text on your own.
“To whom will you compare me? Or who is my equal?" says the Holy One.”
Isaiah 40:25
LLeeaarrnniinngg OOuuttccoommeess
By the end of the lesson you will be able to: Explain the major divisions of Isaiah.
List key references to previous Old Testament theology (promise) in Isaiah.
Relate Isaiah to Old Testament theology.
Apply Old Testament theology to preaching ministry.
SSttuuddyy QQuueessttiioonnss 1. From your reading, describe the purpose and theme(s) of Isaiah. 2. What elements in the Book of Isaiah fit well with Promise Theology? Are there
elements that do not fit well? 3. Dr. Kaiser suggests that Isaiah 40-66 breaks down into three sections. How
does the Trinity relate to this structure? 4. Explain how Isaiah references the following aspects of the promise-plan: The word “covenant” The everlasting aspect of the promise 5. Isaiah 40 is a beloved passage of comfort and encouragement. However, it is
rarely preached from its theological and narrative contexts. After reading the chapter, provide a brief summary of how the rich theological context adds to the message of encouragement.
In this lecture, Dr. Kaiser moves from Isaiah to examine the other 8th century BC prophets. Your reading in the biblical text will take you to several books that examine God’s mercy to Israel and the Gentile nations. By now, you should be gaining a feel for important themes in the Prophets, and how they might relate to an overall Old Testament theology.
“I will bless those who bless you, and whoever curses you I will curse; and all peoples on earth will be blessed through you.”
Genesis 12:3
LLeeaarrnniinngg OOuuttccoommeess
By the end of the lesson you will be able to: Explain the significance of Amos 9:11 for the promise doctrine.
Explain the “evangelical” (= promise) position on the relationship of Israel and
the church.
Consider the value of Old Testament law for life and ministry.
Relate Old Testament themes in Amos, Hosea, Jonah and Micah to Old
SSttuuddyy QQuueessttiioonnss 1. From the various passages mentioned by Kaiser, summarize the major point that
he draws regarding the Gentiles and the promise. 2. Kaiser suggests three significant questions that pertain to the inclusion of the
Gentiles. Identify those questions. 3. Describe the reference to the “hut of David” mentioned in Amos 9. 4. How does the phrase, “even all the Gentiles who are called by your name”
contribute to our understanding of the remnant in this passage? 5. The events of Acts 15 set the course for the church in the following centuries.
Reflect on how this decision affects your ministry today, especially in regard to how you use the Old Testament law. What are two specific applications that you can implement in your life/ministry?
During this lesson, we consider another 7th century BC prophet, Jeremiah. Dr. Kaiser lectures on three significant theological structures in Jeremiah: the Word of God, the Branch, and the New Covenant. You will also continue your own theological work by reading in the seventh-century prophets and by reflecting upon the significance of the prophets as a model for your own ministry of the Word.
“When your words came, I ate them; they were my joy and my heart's delight, for I bear your name, O LORD God Almighty.”
Jeremiah 15:16
LLeeaarrnniinngg OOuuttccoommeess
By the end of the lesson you will be able to: List the three major theological themes of Jeremiah.
Explain Old Testament theological themes found in Jeremiah.
Relate Jeremiah, Zephaniah, Habakkuk and Nahum to OT theology.
SSttuuddyy QQuueessttiioonnss 1. Identify the three themes of Jeremiah that Dr. Kaiser discusses. 2. Describe the importance of the Word of God in Jeremiah. 3. According to Jeremiah 31:32 and Hebrews 8:7, what was lacking (faulty) in the
Mosaic or First Covenant? 4. Explain the significance of the name “the Lord our righteousness” (Isaiah 4:2; II
Samuel 23:5; Psalm 132:17). 5. Why call it the “New Covenant” when most of its substance is found in previous
promises? What is so “new” about the New Covenant? 6. What are your conclusions about the New Covenant? From your reading of the
Old Testament and listening to Dr. Kaiser, summarize your current position on the theological problem of the New Covenant.
This lesson explores a topic that is often neglected: the role of the Holy Spirit in the Old Testament. Dyrness’ book surveys the historical revelation of the Spirit’s ministry in the Old Testament. Dr. Kaiser focuses on how the New Testament explains the Spirit’s ministry in the Old Testament, and how to resolve the theological difficulties in this area.
If it were his intention and he withdrew his spirit and breath, all mankind would perish together and man would return to the
dust.
Job 34:14-15
LLeeaarrnniinngg OOuuttccoommeess
By the end of the lesson you will be able to: List the major New Testament categories for the Holy Spirit’s work.
Explain the relationship of the Holy Spirit to the Old Testament believer.
Explain the significance of John 3 for this issue.
Evaluate Dr. Kaiser’s position on the Holy Spirit in the Old Testament.
Apply the theology of the Holy Spirit to life and ministry.
1. Dr. Kaiser mentions three activities of the Spirit about which there is widespread agreement. Write down the activity that each group of texts says the Spirit performs.
Genesis 1:2; Job 26:13; Isaiah 32:15
Job 34:14; Psalm 104:30
Ezekiel 2:2; 3:24; Daniel 4:8, 9, 18; 5:11, 14; Micah 3:8 2. Dr. Kaiser also lists twelve New Testament passages that refer to the coming of
the Holy Spirit, and classifies them according to their main subject. Describe what each of these groups of texts asserts about the Spirit.
Matthew 3:11; John 1:33; Acts 1:5; Acts 11:15-16; Acts 15:
John 14:26; 15:26-27; 16:12-15:
John 7:37-39; 14:16-17; 16:7: 3. Explain why Jesus was upset by Nicodemus’ lack of knowledge about the Holy
Spirit’s regenerating work. From what Old Testament passage(s) should Nicodemus have known about regeneration?
This lesson will take you through the Book of Ezekiel and through more of the prophetic material that relates to Israel’s exile and restoration. After you have done some preliminary work of your own, Dr. Kaiser will explore the glory of God and other themes found in Ezekiel.
“So I will establish my covenant with you, and you will know that I am the LORD.”
Ezekiel 16:62
LLeeaarrnniinngg OOuuttccoommeess By the end of the lesson you will be able to: Explain the importance of Ezekiel 37 regarding Israel.
Explain Old Testament theological themes in Ezekiel.
SSttuuddyy QQuueessttiioonnss 1. According to Dr. Kaiser’s three-part structure of Ezekiel, summarize the content
of each section. 2. Explain how each of these passages are significant to the theme of the glory of
God in Ezekiel.
Ezekiel 1
Ezekiel 9:3
Ezekiel 11:23 3. What is Ezekiel’s favorite phrase, and what is its significance? 4. Explain the meaning of Ezekiel’s vision of “dry bones.” What does the vision
anticipate regarding Israel? 5. Reflect on how the ministry of the prophets serves as a pattern for your ministry.
What are the similarities and differences between you and the prophets in your responsibilities with the Word of God?
LLeessssoonn OOvveerrvviieeww In this lesson you will explore in more detail the kingdom of God, especially as recorded in the Book of Daniel. Dr. Kaiser examines the dreams of Nebuchadnezzar and Daniel, and shows how they relate to the coming kingdom of God. Your reading in Dyrness will provide a brief summary of Old Testament eschatology.
In the time of those kings, the God of heaven will set up a kingdom that will never be destroyed, nor will it be left to
another people. It will crush all those kingdoms and bring them to an end, but it will itself endure forever.
Daniel 2:44
LLeeaarrnniinngg OOuuttccoommeess By the end of the lesson you will be able to: Explain the significance of the kingdom of God for the promise doctrine.
Explain Old Testament theological themes in Daniel.
1. According to Kaiser, Daniel 2 teaches that the kingdom of God will succeed the empires of men. Explain the various ways in which the image communicates this idea.
2. According to Daniel 7, the Ancient of Days will give the Son of Man an
everlasting kingdom. Describe how the vision of the beast fits with the image of chapter 2 in communicating this theme.
3. According to Dyrness, what two streams of thought from early in Israel’s history
led to the prophetic picture of the kingdom of God (pp. 226-230)? 4. Describe the three foundations for an idea of eternal life from the Old Testament
(pp. 239-242). 5. Contemplate the message of Daniel in regard to kingdom living. What are three
ways in which your life and ministry can better reflect the kingdom of God?
LLeessssoonn OOvveerrvviieeww With this lesson, your exploration of the Old Testament comes to an end. Haggai, Zechariah, and Malachi were three prophets after Israel’s exile. Dr. Kaiser lectures on their theology, and you conclude your own theological examination of the Old Testament by integrating these books into Old Testament theology. By now you should have grown in your ability to understand the theology of the Old Testament, to synthesize that message with an overall Old Testament theology, and to evaluate the theological proposals of others.
Of Him all the prophets bear witness that through His name everyone who believes in Him receives forgiveness of sins.
Acts 10:43
LLeeaarrnniinngg OOuuttccoommeess By the end of the lesson you will be able to: Explain the three major elements of the promise in Haggai, Zechariah and
SSttuuddyy QQuueessttiioonnss 1. Describe the situation in which Haggai, Zechariah, and Malachi all wrote. 2. According to Kaiser, Haggai gives two promises and one warning. What are
they? 3. What does Zechariah 9 teach us about the Messiah? 4. What is unique about Malachi’s vision of the coming Day of the Lord? 5. What does Zechariah 14 tell us about earth’s final battle? 6. Reflect on the messages of the three books: what specific courses of action
might the prophets want your life and ministry to take?
LLeessssoonn OOvveerrvviieeww This final lesson explores the question of how Christians, who live in a New Testament era, should view the Old Testament. Dr. Kaiser summarizes his position on how promise theology answers this question. As your journey through the lectures and this learning guide draws to a close, you now face the task of working out your own answers to the challenging questions of Old Testament theology. God bless you in your efforts to apply Old Testament theology to your life and ministry.
All Scripture is inspired by God and profitable for teaching, for reproof, for correction, for training in righteousness, so that the man of God may be adequate, equipped for every good work.
2 Timothy 3:16-17
LLeeaarrnniinngg OOuuttccoommeess By the end of the lesson you will be able to: Describe an evangelical response to the relationship between the Testaments.
Familiarize yourself with various solutions to the relationship between the
Testaments.
Distinguish between elements of continuity and discontinuity from the Old
Testament to the New Testament.
Relate the New Testament to Old Testament promise theology.
SSttuuddyy QQuueessttiioonnss 1. According to Dr. Kaiser, what three Old Testament concepts are found in the
New Testament? 2. Describe three of the five dissimilarities between the Old and New Testament as
asserted by John Calvin. 3. Reflect on your own view of how the Old Testament relates to the New
Testament. Do you agree with Calvin’s position? Summarize your current position on how we should view the Old Testament in a New Testament era.
4. As the course concludes, appraise your current value of the Old Testament. How
has this study changed your view of the Old Testament? Specifically, what are the three most important principles that you will incorporate into your life and ministry?
5. You become acquainted with an orthodox Jew who is offended at your claim that
the New Testament fulfills the “Old.” He argues that the New Testament is anti-Semitic and elitist by claiming that one must believe in Christ to be a “true Jew.” How will you respond to this person’s claim?