THE CHEWING LICE (PHTHIRAPTERA: AMBLYCERA, ISCHNOCERA) COLLECTED ON SOME FALCONIFORMES AND STRIGIFORMES (AVES) FROM ROMANIA

THE CHEWING LICE (PHTHIRAPTERA: AMBLYCERA,ISCHNOCERA) COLLECTED ON SOME FALCONIFORMES AND

STRIGIFORMES (AVES) FROM ROMANIA

COSTICÃ ADAM, SZILÁRD J. DARÓCZI

Abstract. The results of a six years long (2000–2006) study on the ectoparasitological material fromsome Falconiformes and Strigiformes species of Romanian fauna are presented; from the 12 identifiedchewing louse species, Colpocephalum polonum (Eichler & Z³otorzycka, 1971) is reported for the firsttime for the entomological fauna of Romania, and Menacanthus stramineus (Nitzsch, 1818) is reportedfor the first time on the atypical host Accipiter gentilis. Also, we report a case of an extremely highparasitizing intensity with Degeeriella fulva (Giebel, 1874) of an adult specimen of Buteo buteo, suchvalues of infestation intensity being rather rarely reported in literature.

Résumé. On présente les résultats de l’étude sur le matériel ectoparasitologique capturé sur des certainsespèces de Falconiformes et de Strigiformes de la faune roumaine, au long de la période de six années(2000 - 2006); de 12 espèces de mallophages identifiés Colpocephalum polonum (Eichler etZ³otorzycka, 1971) est rapporté pour la première fois pour la faune entomologique de Roumanie, etMenacanthus stramineus (Nitzsch, 1818) est rapporté première fois sur l’hôte atypique Accipitergentilis. De même, on rapporte un cas d’une intensité parasitaire extrêmement élevée avec Degeeriellafulva (Giebel, 1874) d’un spécimen adulte de Buteo buteo, des telles valeurs de l’intensité d’infestationétant rapportées rarement dans la littérature.

Key words: Phthiraptera, chewing lice, Falconiformes, Strigiformes, Romania.

The first data on the parasite chewing lice on some Falconiformes andStrigiformes species of the Romanian fauna were published by Marcu (1929) andKnechtel (1934). These authors published only lists with some chewing lousespecies to which their hosts are specified, but not the collecting data or otherinformation.

Maria Iordan-Georgescu (1941) published information on the parasitechewing lice on some Falconiformes and Strigiformes of the Romanian fauna withthe collecting date and place, as well as with other remarks for the first time. Moreprecisely, the author presents in her paper the diagnosis and collecting data forseveral chewing louse species, among them being also a species collected fromPernis apivorus, one collected from Circus cyaneus, other two, from Buteo buteoand another one from Asio otus.

After a 15 years break, several data on the parasite chewing lice onFalconiformes and Strigiformes species of the Romanian avifauna were publishedby Bechet (1956, 1961 a, b, 1964), Negru & Elekeº (1957) and Negru (1958, 1959,1961, 1965). As a matter of fact, Bechet presented his PhD thesis, „Cercetãri asupramalofagelor din Republica Popularã Românã” („Studies on the chewing lice fromPopular Republic of Romania”) at the University of Bucharest, in 1962,unpublished. But this thesis holds important information on the chewing louse faunaoccurred on several Falconiformes and Strigiformes of Romania.

English translation by Mihaela Barcan Achim.

Travaux du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle«Grigore Antipa»

Vol. XLIX pp. 145–168© Octobre

2006

In 1973, Voicu published a list with 13 chewing louse species collected fromseveral bird and mammal species of Romania, among them being a species collectedfrom Accipiter gentilis and another one taken from an Aquila sp.

Beginning with 1977, Rékási and Kiss have published together several papers(1977, 1980, 1994, 1996, 1997, 1999, 2005) with data on the chewing lice collectedfrom different bird species from northern Dobrogea, among these birds also beingsome species of Falconiformes and Strigiformes.

Adam (2003) and Adam & Sándor (2004) also published data on somechewing lice collected from Accipiter gentilis, Buteo buteo, Aquila pomarina andAsio otus.

From the data published by the above-mentioned authors it results that thechewing lice were reported on 19 Falconiformes species, from a total of 35 presentin the Romanian avifauna (Munteanu, 2001) and on seven Strigiformes species,from a total of 11, present in the Romanian avifauna (Munteanu, op. cit.). By thispaper we want to complete the knowledge on the chewing louse fauna on the birdsof these two groups present in the Romanian avifauna.

MATERIAL AND METHOD

Our material was collected along the period 18th of January 2000 – 12th ofJanuary 2006. Studied birds are from 12 localities of Romania (Tab. 1) from sevencounties: Arad (AR), Caraº-Severin (CS), Cãlãraºi (CL), Ilfov (IF), Mureº (MS),Prahova (PH) and Vrancea (VN). Most of the studied birds were captured or werefound dead in their natural environment, and some of them were captive (in a Zoo).After the identification of some data on the caught birds (species, sex, age andweight), they were controlled for the collecting of the eventual ectoparasitearthropods. Both in the alive and dead birds the control was made easily with theentomological clip through the entire bird plumage and collecting each remarkedparasite. Collected material was labelled and preserved in 80% alcohol. Totally, anumber of 23 birds (10 adults and 13 immatures) were examined, which belong tofive Falconiformes species and to three Strigiformes species. From all studied birds,only on 19 specimens (belonging to eight species) we found chewing lice. On theother four specimens, which were nestlings of Falco tinnunculus, we did not findchewing lice but several specimens of Carnus hemapterus Nitzsch, 1818 (Diptera:Carnidae). All these four nestlings of F. tinnunculus were captured at Utviniº (AR)and were controlled for ectoparasites, one on 23rd of June 2003, from which 5 && ofC. hemapterus were collected, and the other 3, on 20th of July 2004, from which 1 &and 6 %% of C. hemapterus were collected.

For making the identification, a part of the collected material was mounted inCanada balsam, following the classical technics. The rest of the material ispreserved in 80% alcohol. The scientifical drawings were made by the senior author,using an “Olympus” microscope with camera lucida and a 6.7X ocular and 4X,10X, 20X and 40X objects. Also, a part of the photos was made at the samemicroscope using 15X oculars and 4X object.

The identification of the species was made using the above-mentionedmicroscope and the bibliography including the papers signed by Z³otorzycka (1976,1977), Clay (1958), Eichler & Z³otorzycka (1971), Price et al. (2003) and Bechet(1962). In this paper, the scientifical names of chewing lice are according to thechewing louse list published by Price et al. (op. cit.), and those used for the host

146 COSTICÃ ADAM, SZILÁRD J. DARÓCZI

species are also according to the list of the Romanian birds published by Munteanu(2001).

AbbreviationsFor the collectors’ names: A.D. – Alexandru Doroºencu; A.P. – Angela

Petrescu; C.A. – Costicã Adam; M.P.B. – Matei Petre Bogdan; R.P. – Radu Panã;S.D. – Szilárd J. Daróczi.

In figures: d – dorsal view, v – ventral view. In table: Leg. – collector name.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

From all collected material, 3,766 chewing louse specimens were identified.Later, these chewing louse specimens were identified as belonging to five generaand 12 species. From the 3,766 collected specimens, 954 are females (25.33%), 540males (14.33%) and 2,272 nymphs (60.33%).

From the collected chewing lice, a few (0.23%) belong to the suborderAmblycera, the best represented being genus Colpocephalum (6 specimens), and therest of (99.76%) belong to the suborder Ischnocera, the best represented being thegenus Degeeriella (3,499 specimens). From the species number point of view, fromthe 12 chewing louse species identified by us, two (of two genera) belong to thesuborder Amblycera, and 10 (of three genera) belong to the suborder Ischnocera. Itcan be observed that in our material the Amblycera were obviously below incomparison with Ischnocera, both in the number of specimens and in the number ofthe species.

For each chewing louse species from the systematical list presented further onwe also mention all typical hosts according to the data offered by the most recentchewing louse species list of the world fauna published by Price et al. (op. cit.). Wedo this for comparing the typical hosts with the hosts on which we found therespective chewing louse species.

Systematical list of the collected and identified chewing louse species

Suborder Amblycera

Family Menoponidae

Menacanthus Neumann, 1912

Menacanthus stramineus (Nitzsch, 1818)

(Figs 1, 2, 3, 7 A, B)

Material: 1 &, 1 % and 1 nymph, from an adult female of Accipiter gentilis(L.), 18.01.2000, Câmpina (PH), A.P.

Typical hosts: Gallus gallus (L.), Lophura leucomelana (Latham), Meleagrisgallopavo L., Numida meleagris (L.), Pavo cristatus L., Phasianus colchicus L. andTragopan satyra (L.) (Galliformes: Phasianidae).

Remarks. This species was also reported in the Romanian entomofauna on thedomestic turkey by Leon (1912), but without the collecting data. Also on thedomestic turkey it was reported by Iordan-Georgescu (1941) and Bechet (1956,1962), but with the collecting data. Constantineanu et al. (1955) and Bechet (1956,1962) reported it on the domestic hen, also mentioning the collecting data.

CHEWING LICE (PHTHIRAPTERA) ON FALCONIFORMES AND STRIGIFORMES (ROMANIA) 147

We report this species on Accipiter gentilis for the first time, being an atypicalspecies for this host. Probably these chewing louse specimens reached A. gentilis asdeserters from one of the typical host species, which is a frequent prey for A. gentilis(by the direct contact established between the two birds as a result of the relationprey-predator).

The birds on which we collected the chewing lice were parasitized also byDegeeriella vagans, a typical parasite for A. gentilis (see tab. 1).

Colpocephalum Nitzsch, 1818

Colpocephalum polonum (Eichler & Z³otorzycka, 1971)

(Figs 4, 5, 7 C, D)

Material: 3 && and 3 %%, from an adult individual of Accipiter gentilis (L.),19.01.2003, Bãneasa (Bucureºti), C.A.

Typical host: Accipiter gentilis (L.) (Falconiformes: Accipitridae).Remarks. Marcu (1929), Knechtel (1934), Bechet (1961 b, 1962) and Voicu

(1973) reported Colpocephalum flavescens (De Haan, 1829) from Romania, onAccipiter gentilis. But, according to the last list of the chewing louse species (Priceet al., op. cit.), typical hosts on which C. flavescens was found are Aquila chrysaetos(L.), Haliaeetus albicilla (L.), H. leucocephalus (L.) and H. pelagicus (Pallas). Thatis why we think that it is about also Colpocephalum polonum considering the reportsmade by the above-mentioned authors.

We report this species for the first time in the Romanian entomofauna.

Suborder Ischnocera

Family Philopteridae

Degeeriella Neumann, 1906

Degeeriella discocephalus (Burmeister, 1838)

(Fig. 8 A)

Material: 7 &&, from a juvenile female of Haliaeetus albicilla (L.),13.02.2003, Lespezi (VN), S.D.

Typical hosts: Haliaeetus albicilla (L.) and H. leucocephalus (L.)(Falconiformes: Accipitridae).

Remarks. This species was reported for the Romanian entomofauna before,also on H. albicilla, by Bechet (1962) and Rékási & Kiss (2005).

The bird on which we collected this chewing lice species was also parasitizedby Craspedorrhynchus macrocephalus, a typical parasite for H. albicilla, too (seetab. 1).

Degeeriella fulva (Giebel, 1874)

(Fig. 8 B, C)

Material: 1 &, 2 %% and 2 nymphs, from a juvenile individual of Buteo buteo(L.), 23.01.2003, Baloteºti (IF), A.D.; 723 &&, 462 %% and 2,165 nymphs, from anadult individual of B. buteo, 29.10.2003, Zoological Garden (Bucharest), C.A.; 5



Fig

. 1 –

Men

acan

thus

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amin

eus

(Nit

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, 181

8) (

from

Acc

ipit

er g

enti

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: hea

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ale.

Sca

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ars

(in

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): 0

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Fig. 2 – Menacanthus stramineus (Nitzsch, 1818) (from Accipiter gentilis): abdomen in female. Scalebars (in mm): 0.5.


Fig. 3 – Menacanthus stramineus (Nitzsch, 1818) (from Accipiter gentilis). A, terminal segments offemale abdomen (ventral view); B, terminal segments of male abdomen; C, male genitalia. Scale bars(in mm): A, C, 0.3; B, 0.5.


Fig. 4 – Colpocephalum polonum (Eichler & Z³otorzycka, 1971) (from Accipiter gentilis). A, head inmale; B, abdomen (and leg III) in female; C, antenna in male; D, the three ctenidia on femur III (rightside); E, the two ctenidia on abdominal sternite III (left side). Scale bars (in mm): A, 0.3; B, 0.5; C, D, E, 0.1.


Fig. 5 – Colpocephalum polonum (Eichler & Z³otorzycka, 1971) (from Accipiter gentilis). A, terminalsegments of female abdomen; B, terminal segments of male abdomen; C, male genitalia; D, genitalsclerite. Scale bars (in mm): A, B, C, 0.3; D, 0.1.

&&, 5 %% and 2 nymphs, from an immature male of B. buteo, 12.12.2005, Arad(AR), S.D.; 9 &&, 9 %% and 3 nymphs, on an adult individual of B. buteo,12.01.2006, Reºiþa (CS), C.A.

Typical hosts. This species has a parasitic specificity less obvious, beingfound on individuals of several species belonging to family Accipitridae(Falconiformes), as yet. According to the most recent list of the world chewing lice(Price et al., op. cit.), for the time being it was reported on 28 species of generaAccipiter, Aquila, Buteo (including B. buteo), Geranoaetus, Hieraaetus,Ichthyophaga, Melierax, Spilornis and Spizaetus.

Remarks. This species was reported before for the Romanian entomofauna bythe following authors: Marcu (1929), without specifying the collecting data, onButeo buteo, as Nirmus fuscus, and on B. lagopus, as Nirmus angustatus; Iordan-Georgescu (1941), on Buteo vulgaris (synonym name of B. buteo), as N. fuscus;Negru & Elekeº (1957), on B. buteo, as N. fuscus; Bechet (1961 b, 1962), on B.buteo, B. lagopus and Aquila pomarina; Rékási & Kiss (1980, 1994, 1997), on B.buteo; Adam (2003), on B. buteo and, as an atypical parasite (deserting), on Asiootus from a Zoo.

Now, we report this species on four individuals of B. buteo from differentRomanian localities. In all these 4 cases, the individuals of B. buteo were alsoparasitized by Craspedorrhynchus platystomus, a typical parasite for B. buteo (seetab. 1). As a matter of fact, along our studies, we observed that this chewing louseassociation (D. fulva and C. platystomus) is very frequent in B. buteo.

Degeeriella rufa (Burmeister, 1838)

(Figs 8 D, 9 A)

Material: 5 &&, 5 %% and 3 nymphs, from an adult female of Falcotinnunculus (L.), 01.06.2003, Utviniº (AR), S.D.; 3 && and 1 %, from 2 nestlings ofF. tinnunculus, 30.06.2004, Utviniº (AR), S.D.

Typical hosts. This species parasitizes especially the species of the genusFalco (Falconiformes: Falconidae). According to the most recent list of the worldchewing lice (Price et al., op. cit.), it was reported on 25 species of the genus Falco(including F. tinnunculus), as yet, and on a species of the genus Polihierax(Falconiformes: Falconidae).

Remarks. This species was reported before for the Romanian entomofauna,also on F. tinnunculus, by Bechet (1956, 1961 b, 1962) and Rékási & Kiss (1994,1997).

Degeeriella vagans (Giebel, 1874)

(Fig. 9 B, C)

Material: 80 && and 7 %%, from an adult female of Accipiter gentilis (L.),18.01.2000, Câmpina (PH), A.P.

Typical hosts: Accipiter cooperii (Bonaparte) and A. gentilis (L.)(Falconiformes: Accipitridae).


https://www.researchgate.net/publication/266265569_Date_privind_malofagele_Mallophaga_pasarilor_din_Delta_Dunarii?el=1_x_8&enrichId=rgreq-6864472989d22c6ee6ade22a866a15c0-XXX&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzIzNzM1MDQ0OTtBUzoxMDE4MTU3MjcxNjU0NDhAMTQwMTI4NjE2OTMzMw==


Remarks. This species was also reported in the Romanian entomofauna, alsoon A. gentilis, by Marcu (1929) (as Nirmus vagans, without collecting data), Bechet(1961 b) (as Degeeriella nisus vagans), Bechet (1962), Negru (1965) (as D. nisusvagans) and Adam (2003).

The bird on which we collected this chewing louse species was alsoparasitized by Menacanthus stramineus, an atypical parasite (deserting) for A.gentilis (see tab. 1).

Craspedorrhynchus Kéler, 1938

Craspedorrhynchus aquilinus (Denny, 1842)

(Fig. 9 D)

Material: 6 &&, from a juvenile individual of Aquila chrysaetos (L.),19.02.2003, Budiu Mic (MS), S.D.

Typical hosts: Aquila chrysaetos (L.) (Falconiformes: Accipitridae).Remarks. This species was reported before for the Romanian entomofauna

also on A. chrysaetos, by Marcu (1929) and Knechtel (1934), as Docophorusaquilinus, without specifying the collecting data, and by Bechet (1961 b, 1962).Adam (2003) reported the presence of this species on Asio otus from a Zoo, as anatypical parasite (deserting) for this.

Craspedorrhynchus macrocephalus (Nitzsch [in Giebel], 1874)

(Fig. 10 A, B)

Material: 11 &&, 2 %% and 4 nymphs, from a juvenile female of Haliaeetusalbicilla (L.), 13.02.2003, Lespezi (VN), S.D.

Typical hosts: Haliaeetus albicilla (L.) (Falconiformes: Accipitridae).Remarks. This species was reported in the Romania entomofauna before, also

on H. albicilla, by Bechet (1961 b, 1962) and Rékási & Kiss (1997, 2005). The birdon which I collected this chewing louse species was also parasitized by Degeerielladiscocephalus, a typical parasite for H. albicilla, too (see tab. 1).

Craspedorrhynchus platystomus (Burmeister, 1838)

(Fig. 10 C, D)

Material: 16 &&, 5 %% and 13 nymphs, from an immature female of Buteobuteo (L.), 12.01.2003, Tofalãu (MS), S.D.; 11 && and 3 %%, from an immaturemale of B. buteo, 12.01.2003, Tofalãu (MS), S.D.; 6 && and 1 nymph, from an adultfemale of B. buteo, 23.01.2003, Baloteºti (IF), A.D.; 2 &&, 2 %% and 2 nymphs,from a juvenile individual of de B. buteo, 23.01.2003, Baloteºti (IF), A.D.; 21 &&,14 %% and 53 nymphs, from an adult individual of B. buteo, 29.10.2003, ZoologicalGarden (Bucharest), C.A.; 1 % and 1 nymph, from an adult male of B. buteo,07.03.2005, Iernut (MS), S.D.; 7 &&, 2 %% and 1 nymph, from an immature male ofB. buteo, 12.12.2005, Arad (AR), S.D.; 7 &&, 1 % and 6 nymphs, from an immaturemale of B. buteo, 23.12.2005, Târgu Mureº (MS), S.D.; 2 && and 1 %, from an adultindividual of B. buteo, 12.01.2006, Reºiþa (CS), C.A.


https://www.researchgate.net/publication/262493655_NEW_DATA_REGARDING_THE_BIRD_LICE_PHTHIRAPTERA_LIVING_ON_DIURNAL_BIRDS_OF_PREY_ACCIPITRIFORMES_IN_DANUBA_DELTA_ROMANIA?el=1_x_8&enrichId=rgreq-6864472989d22c6ee6ade22a866a15c0-XXX&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzIzNzM1MDQ0OTtBUzoxMDE4MTU3MjcxNjU0NDhAMTQwMTI4NjE2OTMzMw==

Typical hosts: Buteo buteo (L.) (Falconiformes: Accipitridae).Remarks. This species reported for the Romanian entomofauna before, also

on B. buteo, by the following authors: Iordan-Georgescu (1941) as Docophorusplatystomus, and for the host used the name Buteo vulgaris, which is synonym withB. buteo; Bechet (1961 b, 1962); Rékási & Kiss (1980, 1994, 1997) and Adam(2003). Bechet (1956, 1962) also reported it as an atypical parasite (deserting) onHaliaeetus albicilla, in 1956, using the name Philopterus platystomus. From thenine birds on which we collected this chewing louse species, four were parasitizedalso by Degeeriella fulva, a typical parasite for B. buteo, too (see tab. 1).

Strigiphilus Mjöberg, 1910

Strigiphilus barbatus (Osborn, 1902)

(Fig. 11 A, B)

Material: 21 &&, 10 %% and 4 nymphs, from an adult individual of Asio otus(L.), 18.01.2001, Zoological Garden (Bucharest), M.P.B.

Typical hosts: Asio otus (L.) (Strigiformes: Strigidae).Remarks. This species was reported for the Romanian entomological fauna,

also on A. otus, by Bechet (1961 b, 1962) and Rékási & Kiss (1994, 1997). Iordan-Georgescu (1941) reported Strigiphilus cursor (Burmeister, 1838) for

Romania, on A. otus, as Docophorus cursor. But, according to the last publishedchewing louse species list (Price et al., op. cit.), the only typical host on which S.cursor was found is Asio flammeus (Pontoppidan). That is why we consider that inthe case of the above-mentioned report it is probably about S. barbatus, too.Because of the great resemblance between S. cursor and S. barbatus, as well as thetaxonomical statute of the last one, still unclear that time, it might be anidentification error.

Strigiphilus cursitans (Nitzsch [in Giebel], 1861)

(Fig. 12)

Material: 1 &, from an adult individual of Athene noctua (Scopoli), 21.03.2005,Bucureºti-Cãlãraºi Highway (?) (CL), R.P.

Typical hosts: Athene noctua (Scopoli) and Strix butleri (Hume)(Strigiformes: Strigidae).

Remarks. This species was reported for the Romanian entomofauna before,also on A. noctua, by Negru (1958), Bechet (1961 b, 1962) and Rékási & Kiss(1994, 1997).

Marcu (1929) reported this species as Docophorus cursitans, together withStrigiphilus cursor (as Docophorus cursor) on Asio flammeus. Although the authordid not specify any other detail on this report, we think that it was not about anidentification error, because he also reported the typical species S. cursor on A.flammeus, thus pointing out that he made the difference between the two species (S.cursitans and S. cursor).


Strigiphilus laticephalus (Uchida, 1949)

(Fig. 11 C, D)

Material: 6 &&, 4 %% and 5 nymphs, from an adult male of Strix aluco L.,10.03.2003, Târgu Mureº (MS), S.D.

Typical hosts: Strix aluco yamadae Yamashina and S. uralensis fuscescensTemminck & Schlegel (Strigiformes: Strigidae).

Remarks. This species was reported for the Romanian entomofauna before,also on S. aluco, by Rékási & Kiss (1994, 1997).

Bechet (1956) reported Strigiphilus heterocerus (Grube, 1851) for Romania,on S. aluco. In 1962, resemed this report in his PhD thesis, completing with thespecification that it is about a distinct subspecies of S. heterocerus, but he did notgave it a name or described it. According to the last published chewing louse specieslist (Price et al., op. cit.), the only typical host on which S. heterocerus was reportedis Strix uralensis Pallas. Considering these things, we think that the above-mentioned report might also refer to S. laticephalus.

Table 1 presents the systematical list of the host species, with all studiedindividuals, with the corresponding collecting data, indicating the chewing lousespecies, found and identified, for each host-individual, as well as the number of thecollected specimens. From this table all poly-parasitism cases which we occurred inthe studied birds can be observed (the same host-individual being parasitized byseveral chewing louse species).

If we refer to the chewing louse infestation intensity further on, we can saythat all studied birds were weakly to moderately infested, excepting one case. Thisexplains by the fact that most of the examined birds were healthy and vigorous,being capture in their own living environment.

The above-mentioned exception refers to a dead adult individual belonging toButeo buteo, from the Zoological Garden from Bucharest. The death was caused bydifferent internal sicknesses and the captivity stress. On this bird we found 3,438chewing louse specimens, out of which 3,350 belonged to Degeeriella fulva, and theother 88, to Craspedorrhynchus platystomus (Tab. 1). Infestation intensity with C.platystomus is moderate, but the infestation intensity with D. fulva is extremelyhigh, a similar case is unmentioned in the specialised literature for any species of theorder Falconiformes.

If we refer to the bird species on which we collected material further on, andwe make the ratio between the number of the collected chewing lice and the numberof the birds of a certain species, we can observe that, indeed, the highest chewinglouse infestation level (mean intensity) occurs in Buteo buteo, being followed byAccipiter gentilis, at a large distance (Fig. 6).

The representatives of the other 6 bird species had relatively small values andclose to the chewing louse infestation intensity (Fig. 6). The weakest chewing louseinfestation intensity was occurred on an adult individual of Athene noctua, on whichwe found only one chewing louse specimen (Tab. 1) of Strigiphilus cursitans,typical for this bird.




Tab

le 1

Stu

died

hos

t bir

d sp

ecie

s an

d th

eir

chew

ing

lous

e pa

rasi

tes

(Pht

hira

pter

a: A

mbl

ycer

a, I

schn

ocer

a).


Tab

le 1

(co

ntin

uati

on)

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

We thank to the colleagues Dr. Angela Petrescu and Radu Panã (“Grigore Antipa” NationalMuseum of Natural History, Bucharest), Matei Petre Bogdan (Zoological Garden, Bucharest) andAlexandru Doroºencu (“Delta Dunãrii” National Institute of Research and Development, Tulcea) forputting to our disposal a part of the studied material. We thank to Mrs Petruþa Dumitricã (“GrigoreAntipa” National Museum of Natural History, Bucharest) for tracing the scientifical drawings in Chinaink. Also, we thank to the anonymous referees for their useful advice given for this paper.

MALOFAGE (PHTHIRAPTERA: AMBLYCERA, ISCHNOCERA) COLECTATE DE PEPÃSÃRI RÃPITOARE (AVES: FALCONIFORMES, STRIGIFORMES) DIN ROMÂNIA

REZUMAT

În perioada 18.01.2000 – 12.01.2006 au fost colectate malofage (Phthiraptera: Amblycera,Ischnocera) de pe diferite pãsãri aparþinând ordinelor Falconiformes ºi Strigiformes provenite din maimulte puncte de pe teritoriul României. Din cele 23 de pãsãri examinate (20 aparþinând la 5 specii dincadrul ordinului Falconiformes, iar 3 la 3 specii din cadrul ordinului Strigiformes), au fost gãsitemalofage doar pe 19 dintre ele (16 aparþinând la 5 specii din cadrul ordinului Falconiformes, iar 3 la 3specii din cadrul ordinului Strigiformes). Cele 3.766 exemplare de malofage colectate au fostdeterminate ulterior ca aparþinând la 12 specii ºi 5 genuri. Comparând rezultatele cu datele dinliteratura de specialitate, s-a constatat cã specia Colpocephalum polonum (Eichler & Z³otorzycka,1971) reprezintã o semnalare nouã pentru fauna entomologicã a României, iar specia Menacanthusstramineus (Nitzsch, 1818) este semnalatã pentru prima datã ca fiind prezentã pe gazda atipicãAccipiter gentilis. De asemenea, a fost semnalat ºi un caz de intensitate deosebit de mare a parazitãriicu specia Degeeriella fulva (Giebel, 1874) la un exemplar adult de Buteo buteo, astfel de valori aleintensitãþii infestãrii cu malofage la pãsãri fiind destul de rar citate în literatura de specialitate.


Fig. 6 – The comparative representation of the chewing louse infestation level in the eightFalconiformes and Strigiformes species to which the examined birds belong.

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Received: April 18, 2006 Costicã AdamAccepted: June 14, 2006 Muzeul Naþional de Istorie Naturalã “Grigore Antipa”

ªos. Kiseleff nr. 1, 011341 Bucureºti 2, Româniae-mail: [email protected]

Szilárd J. Daróczi Asociaþia „Milvus group”Str. Crinului nr. 22, 540343 Târgu-Mureº, Româniae-mail: [email protected]







https://www.researchgate.net/publication/266265395_Data_on_the_bird_lices_Mallophaga_parasiting_the_bird_species_of_the_Danube_Delta_Romania?el=1_x_8&enrichId=rgreq-6864472989d22c6ee6ade22a866a15c0-XXX&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzIzNzM1MDQ0OTtBUzoxMDE4MTU3MjcxNjU0NDhAMTQwMTI4NjE2OTMzMw==




Fig. 7 – Menacanthus stramineus (Nitzsch, 1818) (from Accipiter gentilis): A, female; B, male;Colpocephalum polonum (Eichler & Z³otorzycka, 1971) (from Accipiter gentilis): C, female; D, male.


Fig. 8 – Degeeriella discocephalus (Burmeister, 1838) (from Haliaeetus albicilla): A, female;Degeeriella fulva (Giebel, 1874) (from Buteo buteo): B, female; C, male; Degeeriella rufa(Burmeister, 1838) (from Falco tinnunculus): D, female.


Fig. 9 – Degeeriella rufa (Burmeister, 1838) (from Falco tinnunculus): A, male; Degeeriella vagans(Giebel, 1874) (from Accipiter gentilis): B, female; C, male; Craspedorrhynchus aquilinus (Denny,1842) (from Aquila chrysaetos): D, female.


Fig. 10 – Craspedorrhynchus macrocephalus (Nitzsch [in Giebel], 1874) (from Haliaeetus albicilla):A, female; B, male; Craspedorrhynchus platystomus (Burmeister, 1838) (from Buteo buteo): C,female; D, male.


Fig. 11 – Strigiphilus barbatus (Osborn, 1902) (from Asio otus): A, female; B, male; Strigiphiluslaticephalus (Uchida, 1949) (from Strix aluco): C, female; D, male.


Fig. 12 – Strigiphilus cursitans (Nitzsch[in Giebel], 1861) (from Athenenoctua): female.

THE CHEWING LICE (PHTHIRAPTERA: AMBLYCERA, ISCHNOCERA) COLLECTED ON SOME FALCONIFORMES AND STRIGIFORMES (AVES) FROM ROMANIA

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