The Challenge to Spain and the Settlement of North America Chapter 2.

The Challenge to The Challenge to Spain and the Spain and the Settlement of Settlement of North AmericaNorth America

Chapter 2Chapter 2

Protestant Reformation Protestant Reformation of theof the

1616thth Century Century Religious reform movement/ Religious reform movement/

divisiondivision Split from Catholic churchSplit from Catholic church A. corruption of popesA. corruption of popes B. selling of indulgencesB. selling of indulgences 1. money and greed1. money and greed 2. purgatory2. purgatory Catholic sloganCatholic slogan

Pope Julius II was known as Pope Julius II was known as the “warrior pope”the “warrior pope”

The current Pope is Benedict The current Pope is Benedict XVI, who was elected at the XVI, who was elected at the age of 78 in April 2005age of 78 in April 2005

Martin Luther & Martin Luther & Protestant ReformationProtestant Reformation

1513- Luther furious1513- Luther furious Catholic belief vs. Luther’s beliefCatholic belief vs. Luther’s belief 1517- Luther’s “95 Theses”1517- Luther’s “95 Theses”

- salvation comes through faith - salvation comes through faith alone alone

- message started a revolution- message started a revolution

Martin LutherMartin Luther

John CalvinJohn Calvin

Belief in Belief in “predestination” (1536)“predestination” (1536)

Protestant Reformation Protestant Reformation (continue)(continue)

France, Netherlands, England all France, Netherlands, England all experienced powerful Protestant experienced powerful Protestant movements movements

– – challenged Spanish Powerchallenged Spanish Power

““The sun shines The sun shines for me as for for me as for the others” the others”

– – King Frances IKing Frances I

New FranceNew France

French colonization in N. A.French colonization in N. A.

- Samuel de Champlain- Samuel de Champlain

- founded Quebec (1608)- founded Quebec (1608)

- Montreal (largest city by 1700)- Montreal (largest city by 1700)

England’s Interest in England’s Interest in AmericaAmerica

John Cabot’s voyage of 1497John Cabot’s voyage of 1497

- gave England claims in North - gave England claims in North AmericaAmerica

Queen Elizabeth I (1558-1603)Queen Elizabeth I (1558-1603)

- defined protestant reformation in - defined protestant reformation in EnglandEngland

- interest in exploration- interest in exploration

Sir Francis DrakeSir Francis Drake

The Queen The Queen rewarded him with rewarded him with knighthood in 1580 knighthood in 1580 for his journeysfor his journeys

Sir Walter RaleighSir Walter Raleigh responsible for responsible for

establishing the establishing the first English colony first English colony in the New World, in the New World, Roanoke IslandRoanoke Island

Why would England have an interest in Why would England have an interest in permanent colonization in North America?permanent colonization in North America?

Sir Walter RaleighSir Walter Raleigh

• English attempt at Roanoke (1585)English attempt at Roanoke (1585)• 22ndnd attempt (1588-90) attempt (1588-90)

- women- women

- interrupted by Spanish Armada - interrupted by Spanish Armada (1588) (1588)

- war crippled Spain- war crippled Spain

- Return to Roanoke (1590) - Return to Roanoke (1590)

- Published accounts of colonization - Published accounts of colonization appear by 1600appear by 1600

RoanokRoanoke e

Colony, Colony, 1584-1584-15901590

11stst Successful English Successful English ColonyColony

King James I (1606)King James I (1606) - authorized Virginia Company to colonize - authorized Virginia Company to colonize

N. AN. A - 3 ships land / called place Jamestown - 3 ships land / called place Jamestown

(1607)(1607) Purpose of journey?Purpose of journey? Success turns into disaster / famine / Success turns into disaster / famine /

disease/ Indians (deathtrap)disease/ Indians (deathtrap) A. only 38 of 104 survive 1A. only 38 of 104 survive 1stst yr yr B. starvation leads to cannibalism (1610)B. starvation leads to cannibalism (1610) C. John Smith, Pocahontas & John RolfeC. John Smith, Pocahontas & John Rolfe - Rolfe’s Tobacco (1613)- Rolfe’s Tobacco (1613)

Virginia Virginia Company Company Charter, Charter,

16061606

Powhatan & John SmithPowhatan & John Smith

Some doubt I have of your coming Some doubt I have of your coming that makes me not so kindly seek to that makes me not so kindly seek to relieve you…for many do inform me relieve you…for many do inform me that your coming is not for trade but that your coming is not for trade but to invade my people and possess my to invade my people and possess my countrycountry

Jamestown SurvivesJamestown Survives

Renewal of Indian wars (1622)Renewal of Indian wars (1622)

- only 1200 alive of 6,000 since 1607- only 1200 alive of 6,000 since 1607 population growth continued (new population growth continued (new

settlers)settlers)

- 8100 by 1640- 8100 by 1640

- births outnumbered deaths (1680)- births outnumbered deaths (1680)• By 1700, England gets 230k Ibs for By 1700, England gets 230k Ibs for

TobaccoTobacco

Journey to PlymouthJourney to Plymouth

Pilgrims (separatists) sail to AmericaPilgrims (separatists) sail to America

A. Mayflower blown off course (1620)A. Mayflower blown off course (1620)

B. 100 land at Plymouth/ Mayflower B. 100 land at Plymouth/ Mayflower CompactCompact

C. Squanto (Patuxet Indian)C. Squanto (Patuxet Indian)

D. Indian assistance / thanksgiving D. Indian assistance / thanksgiving (1621)(1621)

ConclusionConclusion

France, Netherlands, England all France, Netherlands, England all founded colonies in North American founded colonies in North American and Caribbean in 1600sand Caribbean in 1600s

New France: missionaries and New France: missionaries and traders, cooperation with Indianstraders, cooperation with Indians

New England: desired land – New England: desired land – establishment of coloniesestablishment of colonies

Dates of new ColoniesDates of new Colonies

Virginia (1607)Virginia (1607) Massachusetts (1620) Massachusetts (1620) New York (1626) New York (1626) Maryland (1633)Maryland (1633) Rhode Island (1636)Rhode Island (1636) Connecticut (1636)Connecticut (1636)

13 colonies continue13 colonies continue

Delaware (1638)Delaware (1638) New Hampshire (1638)New Hampshire (1638) North Carolina (1653)North Carolina (1653) South Carolina (1663)South Carolina (1663) New Jersey (1664)New Jersey (1664) Pennsylvania (1682)Pennsylvania (1682) Georgia (1732)- last colonyGeorgia (1732)- last colony