The Center for Animal Health in Appalachia (CAHA) Jason W. Johnson, DVM, MS, DACT Executive Director, CAHA Medical Director of The Debusk Veterinary Teaching Center Lincoln Memorial University College of Veterinary Medicine Lincoln Memorial University -founded 1897- private non-profit A college of veterinary medicine— Does it fit? • 2 nd Veterinary School in heart of Central Appalachia • First one with service to Appalachia in its mission statement • What is the manifestation of this service?
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The Center for Animal Health in Appalachia
(CAHA) Jason W. Johnson, DVM, MS, DACT
Executive Director, CAHA
Medical Director of The Debusk Veterinary Teaching Center
Lincoln Memorial University
College of Veterinary Medicine
Lincoln Memorial University -founded 1897- private non-profit A college of veterinary medicine—
Does it fit? • 2nd Veterinary
School in heart of Central Appalachia
• First one with service to Appalachia in its mission statement
• What is the manifestation of this service?
Appa
lach
ian
Regi
onal
Com
miss
ion
Fede
rally
des
igna
ted
area
-for
med
in
1965
by
act o
f Con
gres
s G
oals:
•
Incr
ease
job
oppo
rtun
ities
and
per
capi
ta
inco
me
in A
ppal
achi
a to
reac
h pa
rity
with
the
natio
n.
•St
reng
then
the
capa
city
of t
he p
eopl
e of
Ap
pala
chia
to c
ompe
te in
the
glob
al e
cono
my.
•
Deve
lop
and
impr
ove
Appa
lach
ia's
infr
astr
uctu
re to
mak
e th
e Re
gion
eco
nom
ical
ly
com
petit
ive.
•
Build
the
Appa
lach
ian
Deve
lopm
ent H
ighw
ay
Syst
em to
redu
ce A
ppal
achi
a's i
sola
tion.
Econ
omic
Adv
ance
men
t Im
prov
emen
t of H
ealth
care
Out
com
es
The
mis
sion
of C
AHA
is to
impr
ove
an
imal
hea
lth a
nd p
ublic
hea
lth
thro
ugho
ut th
e Ap
pala
chia
n re
gion
.
We
had
a th
eory
�
Anim
als w
ere
impo
rtan
t to
Appa
lach
ia
�Ve
terin
aria
ns w
ere
livin
g an
d th
rivin
g w
ithin
Ap
pala
chia
�
Thos
e ve
terin
aria
ns w
ere
cont
ribut
ing
to th
eir
com
mun
ities
eco
nom
ical
ly, so
cial
ly a
nd p
rofe
ssio
nally
Prov
ing
the
Valu
e of
the
Vete
rinar
ian
�CA
HA se
t out
to d
eter
min
e:
�di
strib
utio
n of
vet
erin
aria
ns th
roug
hout
the
foot
prin
t of
ARC
�th
e an
imal
com
posit
ion
and
dist
ribut
ion
and
tren
ds
�an
d th
e im
pact
that
vet
erin
aria
ns h
ave
on ru
ral
com
mun
ities
. �
CAHA
par
tner
ed a
nd c
reat
ed a
Mix
ed A
nim
al P
ract
ice
Mod
el w
hich
pro
ject
s cou
nty
leve
l im
pact
s.
�Th
roug
h ex
istin
g lit
erat
ure
and
capa
city
mod
elin
g, th
e Ce
nter
est
imat
ed th
e co
unty
leve
l nee
d fo
r Lar
ge a
nd
Mix
ed A
nim
al V
eter
inar
ians
with
in A
ppal
achi
a
Obj
ectiv
es
Nat
iona
l Ce
nter
for
Rura
l Hea
lth
Wor
ks
�71
78 in
-sta
te p
ract
icin
g ve
terin
aria
ns w
ithin
the
Appa
lach
ian
foot
prin
t �
Thes
e ve
terin
aria
ns p
rovi
de a
tota
l em
ploy
men
t im
pact
of
estim
ated
8 p
eopl
e pe
r pra
ctic
e*, a
nd th
eir p
ract
ices
serv
e as
eco
nom
ic e
ngin
es fo
r the
ir co
mm
uniti
es, p
rovi
ding
an
estim
ated
2.3
Bill
ion
dolla
rs in
eco
nom
y to
the
foot
prin
t of
Appa
lach
ia.
�Ve
terin
ary
prac
tices
pro
vide
57,
424
jobs
to th
e fo
otpr
int
�O
f the
7,1
78 li
cens
ed v
eter
inar
ians
in A
ppal
achi
a, a
n es
timat
ed 1
1% a
re m
ore
than
> 6
0 ye
ars o
f age
. Wha
t we
lear
ned
*inc
lude
s prim
ary
and
seco
ndar
y
�Th
e ve
terin
aria
ns w
ithin
the
foot
prin
t pro
vide
car
e fo
r an
est
imat
ed
�13
.8M
smal
l ani
mal
s �
13.7
M la
rge
anim
als w
ith a
n es
timat
ed h
erd
size
wor
th
14.2
bill
ion.
Wha
t we
lear
ned
�Ba
sed
upon
our
mod
elin
g it
may
app
ear t
hat
Appa
lach
ia is
wel
l ser
ved
with
vet
erin
aria
ns
�Ho
wev
er, 7
5% o
f the
rura
l cou
ntie
s with
in th
e fo
otpr
int h
ave
an a
ppar
ent v
eter
inar
y sh
orta
ge,
estim
ated
to b
e 1,
907
vete
rinar
ians
�
whi
ch tr
ansla
tes i
nto
an e
stim
ated
eco
nom
ic lo
ss o
f $6
21 m
illio
n an
d 15
,256
jobs
. Wha
t we
lear
ned
Vete
rinar
ian
Anal
ysis
of A
ppal
achi
an S
tate
s An
imal
Ana
lysi
s of
App
alac
hia
Anim
al A
naly
sis
of A
ppal
achi
a ov
er
past
5 y
ears
p
yAn
imal
Ana
lysi
s of A
ppal
achi
an S
ub-r
egio
ns
Spec
ies-
Ovi
ne
vine
With
in A
ppal
achi
a,
shee
p es
timat
ed
prod
uctio
n in
crea
sed
annu
ally
by
2.5
% fr
om 2
007
to 2
012
Shee
p ar
e im
port
ant t
o th
e Ap
pala
chia
n re
gion
. She
ep a
re a
smal
l but
vas
tly g
row
ing
sect
ion
of th
e Ap
pala
chia
n la
rge
Anim
al h
erd.
The
Appa
lach
ian
shee
p he
rd h
asn’
t exp
erie
nced
the
trou
bles
the
US
shee
p he
rd fa
ced
betw
een
2007
and
20
12. w
hile
the
US
inve
ntor
y de
clin
ed 8
.5%
, Ap
pala
chia
saw
dou
ble
digi
t gro
wth
Anal
ysis
of A
ppal
achi
an S
ub-r
egio
ns
Larg
e An
imal
Spe
cies
Com
posi
tion
Larg
e An
imal
Spe
cies
Com
posi
tion
AAnal
ysis
of A
ppal
achi
an S
ub-r
egio
ns
Chan
ges i
n La
rge
Anim
al In
vent
ory
2007
-201
2
Stat
e An
alys
is o
f App
alac
hia-
Virg
inia
St
ate
Anal
ysis
of A
ppal
achi
a- V
irgin
ia
Stat
e An
alys
is o
f App
alac
hia-
Virg
inia
St
ate
Anal
ysis
of A
ppal
achi
a- V
irgin
ia
Stat
e An
alys
is o
f App
alac
hia-
Virg
inia
St
ate
Anal
ysis
of A
ppal
achi
a- V
irgin
ia
Stat
e An
alys
is o
f App
alac
hia-
Virg
inia
St
ate
Anal
ysis
of A
ppal
achi
a- V
irgin
ia
Stat
e An
alys
is o
f App
alac
hia-
Virg
inia
St
ate
Anal
ysis
of A
ppal
achi
a- V
irgin
ia
Stat
e An
alys
is o
f App
alac
hia-
Virg
inia
St
ate
Anal
ysis
of A
ppal
achi
a- V
irgin
ia
•Ve
terin
aria
ns a
re in
deed
impo
rtan
t to
the
econ
omy
of
Appa
lach
ia a
nd R
URA
L Am
eric
a •
econ
omic
eng
ines
for c
omm
uniti
es!!
•
Our
met
hodo
logy
may
be
appl
ied
natio
nally
and
cou
ld
be u
sefu
l for
det
erm
inin
g VM
LRP/
unde
rser
ved
desig
natio
ns
•M
uch
of A
ppal
achi
a is
und
erse
rved
by
vete
rinar
ians
; w
e be
lieve
will
be
the
sam
e fo
r man
y of
the
rura
l co
untie
s of U
SA
•Th
e pr
esen
ce o
f vet
erin
aria
ns in
geo
grap
hic
loca
les
build
s cap
acity
for a
nim
al a
gric
ultu
re in
dust
ry
Conc
lusio
ns
•O
ur st
udie
s can
be
used
to a
dvoc
ate
for V
MLR
P an
d VP
SG a
nd o
ther
initi
ativ
es
•Th
ere
is a
signi
fican
t los
s of e
cono
my
due
to th
e la
ck
of v
eter
inar
ians
in th
e ru
ral c
ount
ies o
f App
alac
hia
•O
ur m
ixed
ani
mal
pra
ctic
e m
odel
pro
vide
s co
nser
vativ
e es
timat
es o
f wha
t a v
eter
inar
y pr
actic
e br
ings
into
a c
omm
unity
•
Excl
udes
indu
stry
vet
erin
aria
ns o
r gov
ernm
ent
•Li
vest
ock
and
pets
are
impo
rtan
t to
Appa
lach
ia
•N
eed
vete
rinar
ians
to su
ppor
t the
se in
dust
ries
Conc
lusio
ns
•Li
cens
ure
data
pur
chas
ed
•Ac
tivel
y pr
actic
ing
in-s
tate
vet
erin
aria
ns
•M
etho
dolo
gy u
sed
by N
CAHD
for o
ver 2
5 ye
ars
•Li
cens
ure
data
cro
ss-c
heck
ed w
ith A
VMA
mem
bers
hip
data
•
One
stat
e ha
d ne
arly
100
% a
lignm
ent w
ith A
VMA
mem
bers
hip
data
and
lice
nsur
e da
ta
•Th
is st
ate
had
repo
rted
%ve
t FTE
tim
e sp
ent l
arge
ani
mal
se
rvic
e- u
sed
to c
alcu
late
% o
f mix
ed a
nim
al v
et F
TE
devo
ted
to la
rge
anim
al se
rvic
es in
oth
er st
ates
•
IMPL
AN d
ata
purc
hase
d to
pro
ject
eco
nom
ic im
pact
at
COU
NTY
leve
l
Wha
t’s d
iffer
ent a
bout
our
stud
y
Prov
ing
the
Valu
e of
the
Vete
rinar
ian
•Ad
ditio
nal i
nfor
mat
ion
can
be fo
und
in th
e 20
15 S
tate
of A
nim
al H
ealth
in
Appa
lach
ia R
epor
t •
For m
ore
info
rmat
ion
visit
: •
http
://v
etm
ed.lm
unet
.edu
/cah
a/
•Em
ail C
AHA@
lmun
et.e
du
Than
ks
�Fa
mily
�
Kim
berly
Ker
tis
�As
hley
Kni
ght
�Je
ssic
a W
ilder
�
Mar
k Cu
shin
g, JD
�
Dr H
offs
is �
Dr G
ary
V!
�La
uren
Par
ks
�Jo
rdan
Gre
en
�Dr
Ran
dy E
vans
�
Dr R
ober
t Les
ter
�Dr
John
Das
cani
o
�
Out
put o
f CAH
A co
nfer
ence
�
Whi
te p
aper
�
Seve
ral r
esea
rch
proj
ects
Nex
t Ste
ps
ygy
,
CAHA
Res
earc
h Pr
ojec
t: W
hat a
re th
e ch
arac
teris
tics o
f a v
iabl
e ris
k m
itiga
tion
tool
for a
nim
al
owne
rs in
Cen
tral
App
alac
hia?
��
T
ask:
Ide
ntify
cus
tom
er d
eman
d fo
r ris
k m
itiga
tion
tool
s su
ch a
s w
elln
ess
subs
crip
tions
an
d pe
t ins
uran
ce to
min
imiz
e an
d/or
con
tain
the
finan
cial
cos
ts a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith v
eter
inar
y se
rvic
es in
App
alac
hia.
�
Goa
l: Id
entif
y th
e se
rvic
es p
et o
wne
rs in
Cen
tral A
ppal
achi
a ar
e w
illing
and
abl
e to
pu
rcha
se fr
om v
eter
inar
ians
whi
ch c
ould
be
finan
ced
thro
ugh
a ris
k m
itiga
tion
tool
. �
Tar
get P
opul
atio
n: F
arm
ers
and
pet o
wne
rs in
Cen
tral A
ppal
achi
a.
�
A
ppro
ach:
1.
R
evie
w th
e lit
erat
ure
for p
revi
ous
rele
vant
stu
dies
suc
h as
the
2011
Bay
er v
eter
inar
y ca
re u
sage
pro
ject
whi
ch in
dica
tes
pet o
wne
rs a
re in
tere
sted
in fi
nanc
ial r
isk
miti
gatio
n to
ols
for p
et h
ealth
ser
vice
s (V
olk
& H
artm
ann,
201
5).
2.
Par
tner
with
Dr.
Ger
ald
A. D
oeks
en to
dev
elop
sur
vey
ques
tions
to s
ee if
pet
ow
ners
in
Cen
tral A
ppal
achi
an h
ave
an in
tere
st in
fina
ncia
l ris
k m
anag
emen
t. U
se a
mix
ed
met
hods
sur
vey
tool
with
par
t of t
he q
uest
ions
des
igne
d to
gen
erat
e a
fact
bas
e of
pe
t ser
vice
s de
man
d in
App
alac
hia
and
a qu
alita
tive
com
pone
nt w
ill be
des
igne
d to
ex
plor
e th
e ch
arac
teris
tics
of ri
sk m
itiga
tion
tool
s th
at e
ngag
e pe
t ow
ners
. 3.
T
est s
urve
y in
stru
men
t, an
d th
en e
xecu
te s
urve
y. A
t thi
s po
int,
I thi
nk th
is w
ould
m
ean
deve
lopi
ng a
tool
, tra
inin
g a
team
of s
tude
nts
to e
xecu
te th
e su
rvey
and
then
ha
ve th
e st
uden
ts e
ngag
e in
face
-to-fa
ce in
tera
ctio
ns w
ith th
e pe
t ow
ners
. 4.
A
naly
ze th
e su
rvey
resu
lts a
nd th
en d
escr
ibe
the
elem
ents
pet
ow
ners
in C
entra
l A
ppal
achi
a fin
d us
eful
in a
risk
miti
gatio
n to
ol.
5.
F
rom
the
fact
-bas
e, d
evel
op d
eman
d es
timat
es fo
r ser
vice
s. V
alid
ate
thes
e es
timat
es w
ith 5
vet
erin
ary
prac
tices
in C
entra
l App
alac
hia.
�
Tim
e: 1
2 m
onth
s �
Cos
t: $
75,0
00
1.
Per
sonn
el: P
rinci
pal I
nves
tigat
or (J
ason
Joh
nson
, 5%
), C
AHA
Res
earc
h S
peci
alis
t (K
imbe
rly K
ertis
, 25%
), co
ntra
ct w
ith D
r. D
oeks
en T
BD.
2.
Tra
vel:
Set
up
for f
ocus
gro
ups
and
inte
rvie
ws
with
sta
keho
lder
s.
3.
Sur
vey:
Unc
lear
at t
his
poin
t wha
t will
be b
est,
but I
am
lean
ing
tow
ards
in-p
erso
n in
terv
iew
s an
d fo
cus
grou
ps.
�
Del
iver
able
: Bun
dled
list
of c
hara
cter
istic
s of
risk
man
agem
ent t
ools
pet
ow
ners
in C
entra
l A
ppal
achi
a pr
efer
and
an
estim
ate
of th
e si
ze o
f the
dem
and
for t
hese
ser
vice
s.
�
Impa
ct o
f Res
earc
h on
Pro
fess
ion:
Vet
erin
aria
ns a
re n
eede
d in
rura
l are
as; i
n fa
ct,
mea
sure
s ar
e in
pla
ce (i
.e.-V
MLR
P) t
o at
tract
and
reta
in v
eter
inar
ians
into
thes
e co
mm
uniti
es.
And
yet,
ther
e is
stil
l a s
horta
ge o
f vet
erin
aria
ns in
rura
l cou
ntie
s. T
his
stud
y w
ill pr
ovid
e th
e pr
ofes
sion
with
the
char
acte
ristic
s of
ser
vice
s an
d ris
k m
itiga
tion
tool
s th
at
�Al
l vet
erin
aria
ns (b
ased
upo
n en
hanc
ed st
ate
licen
sure
dat
a)
�Al
l phy
sicia
ns w
ith 5
prim
ary
care
cla
ssifi
catio
ns (e
.g. f
amily
med
icin
e,
inte
rnal
med
icin
e, p
edia
tric
s, O
B-GY
N a
nd g
ener
al su
rger
y)at
the
zipco
de
and
coun
ty a
ggre
gate
leve
ls �
Add
5 ot
her n
atio
nal d
atas
ets r
elev
ant
to o
ne h
ealth
(e.g
. loc
al h
ealth
de
part
men
ts, e
tc.)
�Ad
d 5
othe
r nat
iona
l dat
aset
s rel
evan
t to
vet
erin
aria
ns (e
.g. v
eter
inar
ian
colle
ges a
nd tr
aini
ng si
tes,
etc
.) �
Curr
ent V
MLA
und
erse
rved
are
as (w
ith se
para
te d
esig
natio
ns)
�Cu
rren
t prim
ary
care
shor
tage
are
as
�He
alth
care
faci
litie
s: 2
015
hosp
itals,
Rur
al H
ealth
Clin
ics,
FQ
HC
�5
Heal
th O
utco
mes
, mea
sure
s of h
ealth
and
dise
ase
prev
alen
ce (c
ount
y le
vel)
�15
Pop
ulat
ion
dem
ogra
phic
s or s
ocio
-eco
nom
ic d
atas
ets (
e.g.
per
siste
nt
pove
rty
area
, etc
.) �
Envi
ronm
enta
l dat
a: p
ublic
drin
king
wat
er su
pplie
s, e
tc.
�Po
litic
al b
ound
arie
s: n
atio
nal a
nd st
ate
Nat
iona
l One
Hea
lth –
Vet
erin
aria
n Po
rtal
PPr
ice:
$35
,000
Po
rtal
Incl
udes
:
45
NNat
iona
l One
Hea
lth –
Vet
erin
aria
n Po
rtal
Fun
ctio
ns
�Vi
ew in
divi
dual
poi
nts
of a
ll ve
terin
aria
ns u
ntil
regi
on/s
tate
vie
w th
en c
ount
y an
d zi
p co
de a
ggre
gate
�
Iden
tify
vete
rinar
ians
and
phy
sici
ans
and
faci
litie
s wi
thin
po
litic
al b
ound
arie
s �
View
the
herd
est
imat
es a
nd s
mal
l ani
mal
est
imat
es b
y in
divi
dual
her
d/sm
all a
nim
al ty
pe in
tera
ctiv
ely
and
down
load
ed d
ata
�Vi
ew A
ging
pro
vide
rs in
rura
l and
und
erse
rved
are
as
�An
alyz
e pr
ovid
ers
rela
tive
to H
ealth
out
com
es a
nd
envi
ronm
enta
l fac
tors
�
Down
load
dat
a ba
sed
upon
vie
wer d
efin
ed s
ervi
ce a
rea
an
alys
is a
s a
spre
adsh
eet
�Ge
nera
te m
aps
that
can
be
down
load
ed in
mul
tiple
fo
rmat
s or
sha
red
to o
ther
use
rs
How
man
y ve
terin
aria
ns o
r prim
ary
care
pro
vide
rs a
re in
m
y co
unty
?
H
ealth
care
Wor
kfor
ce N
eeds
Ass
essm
ent –
How
man
y pr
ovid
ers
are
in m
y se
rvic
e ar
ea?
Use
the
Focu
s too
l to
Zoom
to y
our c
ity/c
linic
; An
d th
e Se
rvic
e ar
ea to
ol
To a
naly
ze p
rovi
ders
in a
Se
rvic
e ar
ea y
ou d
efin
e by
Ei
ther
dist
ance
or d
rivet
ime
Ente
r the
dist
ance
An
d ch
oose
pro
vide
rs
To a
naly
ze fr
om d
rop
Dow
n an
d se
lect
the
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lity
on th
e sc
reen
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d th
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olve
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vvvvv
CAHA
Res
earc
h Pr
ojec
t Ide
a 5:
Wha
t dat
a la
yers
are
nee
ded
to m
ap th
e ve
terin
ary
wor
kfor
ce a
nd
estim
ate
the
dem
and
for v
eter
inar
y se
rvic
es in
an
onlin
e GI
S sy
stem
?
� Ta
sk: D
ocum
ent t
he d
istrib
utio
n of
vet
erin
ary
prof
essio
nals
and
anim
al h
erds
.
� G
oal:
Deve
lop
tool
whi
ch m
aps t
he c
once
ntra
tion
of a
nim
als a
nd th
e lo
catio
n of
cur
rent
ly a
ctiv
e ve
terin
aria
ns.
�
Targ
et P
opul
atio
n: V
eter
inar
ians
in th
e U
nite
d St
ates
�
Appr
oach
:
o Pa
rtne
r with
the
Nat
iona
l Cen
ter f
or th
e An
alys
is of
Hea
lthca
re D
ata
(NCA
HD),
a ce
nter
w
ith e
xten
sive
expe
rienc
e in
col
lect
ing,
pro
cess
ing
and
map
ping
hum
an h
ealth
care
dat
a,
to c
reat
e a
web
-bas
ed G
IS to
ol. T
he b
ack-
end
of th
e po
rtal
will
be
hous
ed a
nd
mai
ntai
ned
at th
e N
CAHD
. o
Star
ting
with
the
CAHA
Her
d Da
taba
se o
f foo
d an
imal
s in
Appa
lach
ia a
nd th
e CA
HA
estim
ates
of c
ompa
nion
ani
mal
s, C
AHA
will
dev
elop
a c
ompa
nion
ani
mal
and
a fo
od
anim
al d
ata
laye
r for
the
GIS
Syst
em fo
r the
Uni
ted
Stat
es
o In
tegr
ate
activ
e in
-sta
te li
cens
ure
data
with
the
AVM
A Ve
terin
aria
n Da
taba
se o
f in
divi
dual
s with
a v
eter
inar
y de
gree
in th
e U
S an
d th
e m
embe
rshi
p da
taba
se.
This
will
va
lidat
e th
e lic
ensu
re d
atas
et a
s wel
l as p
rovi
de a
n op
port
unity
to a
sses
s the
pot
entia
l of
this
data
set t
o ex
pand
dem
ogra
phic
info
rmat
ion
in th
e to
ol. T
he to
ol w
ill b
e de
sign
so
that
indi
vidu
al’s
nam
es a
re n
ot d
isclo
sed.
o
Iden
tify
addi
tiona
l dat
a se
ts a
nd v
aria
bles
that
can
be
used
to d
efin
e th
e de
man
d fo
r ve
terin
ary
serv
ices
. Fo
r exa
mpl
e, la
yers
that
indi
cate
serv
ice
area
of a
pra
ctic
e, th
e di
stan
ce to
trav
el fr
om p
atie
nt to
pra
ctic
e or
the
time
to tr
avel
from
pat
ient
to p
ract
ice.
Es
timat
e th
e co
st to
dev
elop
add
ition
al d
ata
laye
rs fo
r the
GIS
tool
. �
Tim
e: 1
2 m
onth
s �
Cost
: $7
5,00
0
o Pe
rson
nel:
CAH
A Pr
imar
y In
vest
igat
or, (
Jaso
n Jo
hnso
n, 5
%),
CAHA
Res
earc
h Sp
ecia
list,
(Kim
berly
Ker
tis, 2
5%) a
nd N
CAHD
subc
ontr
act.
o Da
ta:
Lice
nsur
e da
ta fr
om v
ario
us st
ates
to e
xpan
d th
e Ap
pala
chia
dat
a set
to re
flect
the
activ
e in
-sta
te li
cens
ed v
eter
inar
ians
in th
e U
nite
d St
ates
.
� De
liver
able
: W
eb-b
ased
GIS
tool
that
con
tain
s lay
ers w
hich
map
the
conc
entr
atio
n of
ani
mal
s an
d th
e di
strib
utio
n of
vet
erin
aria
ns in
Uni
ted
Stat
es.
The
re w
ill b
e an
ann
ual m
aint
enan
ce fe
e.
The
cost
for m
aint
enan
ce is
not
kno
wn,
but
it is
est
imat
ed to
be
on th
e or
der o
f $7,
000
per y
ear.
� Im
pact
of R
esea
rch
on P
rofe
ssio
n:
Anal
ysis
of A
ppal
achi
an S
tate
s
1.Ve
terin
ary
Anal
ysis
U
tilizi
ng st
ate
licen
sure
, the
geo
grap
hic
dist
ribut
ion
of p
ract
icin
g ve
terin
aria
ns w
as a
sses
sed
rela
tive
to
th
eir p
roxi
mity
with
in th
e Ap
pala
chia
n Re
gion
al C
omm
issio
n Co
untie
s as w
ell a
s to
rura
l are
as (a
s def
ined
by th
e fe
dera
l Offi
ce o
f Man
agem
ent a
nd B
udge
t.)
2.Sp
ecie
s, H
erd,
and
Far
m A
naly
sis
An
imal
spec
ies w
ere
calc
ulat
ed in
divi
dual
ly b
y co
unty
, the
n ag
greg
ated
into
two
grou
ping
s:
1. S
mal
l ani
mal
– in
clud
ing
cats
, dog
s, a
nd h
ouse
bird
s.
2. L
arge
ani
mal
– in
clud
ing
cow
s, p
igs,
hor
ses,
goa
ts a
nd sh
eep
3.Ve
terin
aria
n N
eed
and
Econ
omic
Impa
ct A
naly
sis
W
e cr
eate
d an
inno
vativ
e ru
ral m
ixed
ani
mal
(lar
ge a
nd sm
all a
nim
al) p
ract
ice
mod
el th
at il
lust
rate
s the
ac
tual
eco
nom
ic im
pact
of v
eter
inar
y pr
actic
e w
ithin
thei
r com
mun
ities
and
upo
n th
e st
ate’
s eco
nom
y.
Addi
tiona
lly, w
e ga
ined
exp
ert a
dvic
e fr
om v
eter
inar
ians
, oth
er re
sear
cher
s and
edu
cato
rs a
s we
deve
lope
d th
e sm
all a
nd la
rge
anim
al n
eeds
ana
lysis
. We
appl
ied
our m
etho
dolo
gy to
the
Appa
lach
ian
stat
es to
det
erm
ine
not
only
the
curr
ent e
cono
mic
impa
ct o
f vet
erin
aria
ns b
ut a
lso th
e im
pact
mal
-dist
ribut
ion
and
need
-bas
ed sh
orta
ges
have
upo
n th
e st
ate'
s eco
nom
y an
d la
bor m
arke
t.
Anal
ysis
of A
ppal
achi
an S
tate
s
�O
ur n
ext s
tep
was
to g
ener
ate
anim
al d
ensit
ies
for b
oth
smal
l and
larg
e an
imal
s by
coun
ty. B
ased
upo
n th
e U
SDA
2012
Agr
icul
ture
Cen
sus,
we
deriv
ed th
e vo
lum
e of
ani
mal
s in
a co
unty
nee
ding
vet
erin
ary
care
ann
ually
. �
Poul
try
was
left
out
of t
he e
stim
ate
as m
ost p
oultr
y pr
oduc
tion
is ve
rtic
ally
inte
grat
ed, v
eter
inar
y se
rvic
es fo
r co
mm
erci
al fl
ocks
are
incl
uded
in th
e co
mm
erci
al c
ontr
acts
and
pre
viou
s w
orkf
orce
stud
ies h
ave
agre
ed th
ere
are
suffi
cien
t vet
erin
aria
ns a
vaila
ble
to su
ppor
t the
indu
stry
nee
ds (N
RC, 2
012,
p. 6
1). W
e ac
know
ledg
e th
e fa
ct
that
ther
e ar
e a
smal
l num
ber o
f bac
kyar
d po
ultr
y flo
cks w
hich
are
serv
ed b
y co
mpa
nion
ani
mal
vet
erin
aria
ns
and
avia
n sp
ecia
lists
(priv
ate
com
mun
icat
ions
, Dr.
Kare
n Bu
rns G
roga
n, M
arch
2, 2
015)
, how
ever
thes
es w
ere
not
incl
uded
in o
ur fo
rmul
atio
ns.
�To
gen
erat
e th
e sm
all a
nim
al d
ensit
ies,
we
utili
zed
mix
ed m
etho
dolo
gy, w
ith th
e pr
imar
y da
ta so
urce
, U. S
. Pet
O
wne
rshi
p De
mog
raph
ics S
ourc
eboo
k (2
012
Ed.)
and
cens
us h
ouse
hold
dat
a.
� O
nce
the
anim
al d
ensit
ies w
ere
gene
rate
d, th
e ve
terin
ary
FTE
need
was
cal
cula
ted
by a
pply
ing
anim
al ra
tios
iden
tifie
d in
the
liter
atur
e an
d de
velo
ped
thro
ugh
expe
rt in
terv
iew
s and
pan
els,
thus
der
ivin
g a
tota
l FTE
ve
terin
aria
n ne
ed fo
r eac
h co
unty
. Lic
ensu
re d
ata
was
util
ized
to d
eter
min
e th
e di
strib
utio
n of
in st
ate
activ
ely
prac
ticin
g ve
terin
aria
ns, w
hich
was
then
com
pare
d w
ith th
e co
unty
leve
l nee
d es
timat
e. F
rom
ther
e a
surp
lus o
r sh
orta
ge w
as d
eriv
ed.
Vete
rinar
ian:
Anim
al ra
tios
Spec
ies
Ratio
of V
eter
inar
ian
to L
arge
/Sm
all A
nim
al
Dairy
5,
000
Oth
er C
attle
5,
000
Goa
ts a
nd S
heep
7,
000
Swin
e 25
,000
Poul
try
10,0
00
Equi
ne
3,35
0
Cat
3,35
0
Dog
3,35
0
Bird
s 3,
350
NRC
Wor
kfor
ce M
anua
l, 20
11; U
.S. P
et D
emog
raph
ics S
ourc
eboo
k; B
anfie
ld
Tabl
e 1
Empl
oym
ent a
nd In
com
e fo
r Typ
ical
Est
ablis
hed
Vete
rinar
y Cl
inic
Empl
oyee
Fu
ll- ti
me
equi
vale
nt E
mpl
oyee
s Es
timat
ed In
com
e
Vete
rinar
ian
1 $1
24,0
51
Cred
entia
led
Tech
nici
an
1 $3
1,12
9
Non
-cre
dent
iale
d Te
chni
cian
1
$31,
116
Vete
rinar
y as
sista
nt
1 $2
2,46
4
Oth
er S
taff
2 $4
9,50
4
Tota
l 6
$258
,264
SOU
RCES
: Am
eric
an V
eter
inar
y M
edic
al A
ssoc
iatio
n. (2
013)
. Rep
ort o
n Ve
terin
ary p
ract
ice b
usin
ess m
easu
res (
2013
ed.
). Sc
haum
burg
, IL:
n.a
.
Tabl
e 2
Tota
l Eco
nom
ic Im
pact
of a
Typ
ical
Vet
erin
ary
Clin
ic P
ract
ice
on a
n Ru
ral C
ount
y
Empl
oym
ent I
mpa
ct
Jobs
from
Vet
erin
ary
Prac
tice
6
Vete
rinar
y Se
ctor
Em
ploy
men
t Mul
tiplie
r
1.3
2
Seco
ndar
y Em
ploy
men
t Im
pact
2
Tota
l Em
ploy
men
t Im
pact
8
Wag
e Im
pact
Wag
es fr
om V
eter
inar
y Pr
actic
e 25
8,26
4
Vete
rinar
y Se
ctor
Wag
e M
ultip
lier
1.26
Seco
ndar
y W
age
Impa
ct
67,1
49
Tota
l Wag
e Im
pact
$3
25,4
13
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