The Cell History of The Cell Looked at a thin slice of cork under a microscope Observed hollow, tiny, room like structures Only saw the cell wall because.

The Cell

History of The Cell

• Looked at a thin slice of cork under a microscope

• Observed hollow, tiny, room like structures• Only saw the cell wall because cork cells are

not alive• Called “cells” because they resemble rooms

Robert Hooke

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Robert_Hooke_portrait.jpg http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic-art/380414/99713/Robert-Hookes-drawings-of-the-cellular-structure-of-cork-and

The Cell Theory

• Cells are the fundamental unit of life• All organisms are composed of cells• All cells come from preexisting cells

Two Different Types of Cells

Prokaryotic Cells• Means “before a nucleus”• Domains Bacteria and

Archaea• Can live in environmental

extremes• Live off diverse energy

sources

Eukaryotic Cells• Means “possessing a true

nucleus”• Domain Eukarya

– Animals, fungi, plants, and protists

• Genetic material (DNA) is contained in the nucleus

Who looked into a microscope and saw the first cell?

1. James Watson2. Robert Hooke3. Charles Darwin4. Gregor Mendel

James W

atson

Robert Hooke

Charles D

arwin

Gre

gor M

endel

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Great Job It Was Robert Hooke!!

Prokaryotic Cells• Means “before a nucleus”

• Domains Bacteria and Archaea• Can live in environmental extremes• Live off diverse energy sources

http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/bacteriacell.html http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/P/prokaryoticcell.html

Prokaryotic Structures• Cytoplasm

– A liquid material that particles are suspended in

• Ribosomes– Site of protein synthesis– Located in cytoplasm

• Nucleoid– Contains hereditary material

(DNA) of the cell– Located in cytoplasm

Prokaryotic Structures• Plasma membrane

– Encloses the cell– Regulates material into

and out of cell• Cell Wall

– Supports cell and determines its shape

• Capsule– Slime layer– Protects– Helps to not dry out– Helps attach to other cells

Prokaryotic Structures

• Flagella– Used to swim/move– Spins like a propeller or

whip like• Pilli

– Hair or threadlike structures

– Help stick to other cells for mating or animal cells for food and protection

Eukaryotic Cells

• Means “possessing a true nucleus”• Domain Eukarya

– Animals, fungi, plants, and protists

• Genetic material (DNA) is contained in the nucleus

• Are larger and more complex than prokaryotes

Plant Cell vs. Animal CellPlant Cell(square or rectangular in shape)• Nucleus• Nucleolus• Mitochondria• Golgi apparatus• Rough endoplasmic reticulum• Smooth endoplasmic reticulum• Ribosomes• Plasma membrane• Peroxisome• Plasmodesmata• Chloroplast• Cell Wall• Vacuole

Animal Cell(circular in shape)

• Nucleus• Nucleolus• Mitochondria• Golgi apparatus• Rough endoplasmic reticulum• Smooth endoplasmic reticulum• Ribosomes• Plasma membrane• Peroxisome• Cytoskeleton• Centrioles• Lysosome• Nuclear pore• Nuclear envelope• Microtubules

Which is NOT a eukaryote?

Fungi

Animal

Bacte

ria

Protist

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1. Fungi2. Animal3. Bacteria4. Protist

Awesome!!!

A bacteria is a prokaryote.

Structures of plant and animal cells• Nucleus

– “brain” of the cell– Contains most of the genetic

material (DNA) of the cell

• Nucleous– A region within the nucleus – Assemble ribosomes from

RNA and specific proteins

• Mitochondria– “power house” or power

plant of the cell

Structures of plant and animal cells• Golgi apparatus

– Process and package proteins

• Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)– Site of protein synthesis– Are rough because they

contain ribosomes

• Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)– Modifies synthesized proteins– Does not contain ribosomes

Structures of plant and animal cells

• Ribosomes– Manufacture proteins

• Plasma membrane– Separates the cell from its

environment– Regulates material into and

out of cell

• Peroxisome– Break down peroxides

Plant Cell

• Plasmodesmata– Allow direct

communication between plant cells

• Chloroplast– Collect sunlight to make

sugars– Process of

photosynthesis

http://www.uvm.edu/%7Einquiryb/webquest/fa06/mvogenbe/plantcell.jpg

Plant Cell

• Cell Wall– Supports the cell

• Vacuole– Filled with liquid

solutions and many dissolved substances

– Used for• Storage• Structure• Reproduction• Digestion

http://www.cellsalive.com/cells/cell_model.htm

Animal Cell• Cytoskeleton

– Maintains cell shape and support

– Provides various types of cellular movement

• Centrioles– Help with nuclear division

• Lysosome– Contain digestive enzymes– Site for breaking down of

foreign objects and food taken in by the cell

http://www.uvm.edu/%7Einquiryb/webquest/fa06/mvogenbe/Animal-Cell.jpg

Animal Cell• Nuclear pore

– Connects the interior of the nucleus with the cytoplasm

• Nuclear envelope– Two membranes that

protect the cell

• Microtubles– Act as the framework

that motor proteins can move structures in the cell

Video Time!!!!

Bibliography

Pictureshttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Robert_Hooke_portrait.jpg

http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic-art/380414/99713/Robert-Hookes-drawings-of-the-cellular-structure-of-cork-a

nd

http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/bacteriacell.html http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/P/prokaryoticcell.htmlhttp://www.uvm.edu/%7Einquiryb/webquest/fa06/mvogenbe/plantcell.jpghttp://www.uvm.edu/%7Einquiryb/webquest/fa06/mvogenbe/Animal-Cell.jpg

Videohttp://science.discoveryeducation.com/sitenew/concept.cfm?CID=8c1ae720-327b-4053-9ad3-5fd468b5d3df

Informationhttp://www.usoe.k12.ut.us/CURR/SCIENCE/sciber00/7th/cells/sciber/cellhist.htmLife the Science of Biology: Seventh Edition by William K. Purves, David Sadava, Gordon H. Orians, and H.

Craig Heller