The catholic monarchs

THE CATHOLIC MONARCHSIsabel I of Castilla and Fernando II of Aragón

Important events

The unification of Spain

Reforms

Conquest of the kingdom of Granada

Discovery of America

The unification of Spain• They were both from the House of Trastámara

and were second cousins.• They married on October 19, 1469, in the city

of Valladolid.• Isabella was eighteen years old and

Ferdinand a year younger • This marriage united both kingdoms under one crown.

Unification of Spain (Conquest of Granada)

• The land of Granada was ruled by the Moors. Ferdinand and Isabella turned their united forces on Granada.

• After 10 years of fighting, Emir Boabdil surrendered the keys of the Alhambra Palace in Granada to the Castilian soldiers. This was the end of the Reconquista

The moors surrendering

Reforms

• The Catholic Monarchs restored royal authority in Spain.

• They diminished the power of the nobles and the Church

• A modern army was created to fight for the country

• There was a territorial expansion and exploration• They established the Spanish Inquisition

RELIGION AND SPANISH INQUISITION

• They ordered JEWS and MUSLIMS to convert to catholicism. The muslims who converted were called MORISCOS.

• Hundreds who had converted were accused of secretly practising their original religion

• To fight heresy they established the SPANISH INQUISITION. The “HERETIC ” were arrested, imprisoned, interrogated under torture and many were burned to death

Tomás de Torquemada (The Grand Inquisitor)

The Spanish Inquisition

People being tortured

People burnt at the stake

DISCOVERY OF AMERICA• The Catholic Monarchs financed Colomubus

´voyage to find a new route to China and India

First voyage

• Christopher Columbus had three ships on his first voyage, the Niña, the Pinta, and the Santa Maria. Columbus sailed from Palos de la Frontera on 3 August, 1492.

• The Santa Maria had 52 men aboard while his other two ships, the Nina and Pinta were each crewed by 18 men

The three caravels

• The Santa María was captained by Columbus.

• The Pinta and the Niña were piloted by the Pinzón brothers

Landing of Colombus

• He arrived to El Salvador on 12 October 1492

• Colombus though he had reached India. For this reason he called the inhabitants INDIANS.

• He made FOUR VOYAGES • He died aged 55 in 1506 without knowing that

the continent was not Asia but America.

Where did the name America come from?

• Like Columbus, Americo Vespucci traveled to the New World

• Unlike Columbus, Vespucci wrote about his travels

• Columbus didn’t realize America was a whole new continent. Vespucci, however, realized that America was not contiguous with Asia.

AMERICO VESPUCCI

Ferdinand Magellan• Ferdinand Magellan led the first expedition to

sail all the way around the world. He discovered a passage from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean that is today called the Straits of Magellan.He could not complete the circumnavigation because he died in Philipines

Sebastián Elcano

• Juan Sebastián Elcano was an explorer known for completing first circumnavigation of the world after Magellan died in Philipines

Nao Victoria (Elcano ship replica)