The category of modality in the English and German languages by Tatiana Slavnikova Group 10 – 1 Financial – economical lyceum Teacher: Klachkova Mariya.

The category of modality in the English and German languages

by Tatiana SlavnikovaGroup 10 – 1

Financial – economical lyceum

Teacher: Klachkova Mariya

Antonivna

The object and the objectives of the work

The object of our work is the category of modality in the English and German languages.

The objectives of this work are:

The Category of Modality in Modern Linguistics

The Category of Modality in the English and German

Languages

The Category of Modality in the English and German

Languages

The Modality in the English Language

Ways of expressing modality

Examples

Phonological means I do really wish it hadn't been you.

Grammatical means Do listen to him.

Modal verbs I must have a little rest.

He will undoubtedly win.Lexical means

The Modality in the German Language

Ways of expressing modality

Examples

Modal verbs Er kann seinen kranken Bruder besuchen.

The modal adverbs Ich komme vielleicht morgen.

The modal particles Gute Kleider sind eben teuer.

CONCLUSION

In German when a sentence has a modal predicate the verb it modifies is transmitted to

the end of the sentence. In English the word order is much simpler. When a modal verb is

used, the verb it modifies goes after the modal one.

In German when a sentence has a modal predicate the verb it modifies is transmitted to

the end of the sentence. In English the word order is much simpler. When a modal verb is

used, the verb it modifies goes after the modal one.

- Ich muss in den Tierpark gehen. - I must go to the zoo.

- Wir können es holen. - We can get it.

- Ich muss in den Tierpark gehen. - I must go to the zoo.

- Wir können es holen. - We can get it.

in the English language there are no modal equivalents for wollen (to want to) in the German language there are no modal equivalents for dare and need.

English German

surely wohl

certainly freilich

hardly schwerlich

however immerhin

Each modal adverb in English has its modal equivalent in German.

Each modal adverb in English has its modal equivalent in German.

The German modal particles are always uninflected words similar to the grammatical particles in English which are also uninflected. However, the English grammatical particles in fact include function words such as sentence

connectors, sentence substitutes, conjunctions, interjections and even adverbs,

which the German particles do not do.

The German modal particles are always uninflected words similar to the grammatical particles in English which are also uninflected. However, the English grammatical particles in fact include function words such as sentence

connectors, sentence substitutes, conjunctions, interjections and even adverbs,

which the German particles do not do.

German EnglishWarum musst du denn

verreisen?Tell me, why must you go

away?Es war schön, ja es war

großartig.It was lovely, indeed, it

was splendid.

Modality is the functional polysemantic category, expressed with the help of different ways in the Germanic and Slavonic languages.

In the contextually intonational conditions modality becomes apparent in the variety of

its nuances. The variety of grammatical, grammatically lexical and lexical modal ways

and their combinations gives the opportunity to express very subtly divided modal nuances.

Modality is the functional polysemantic category, expressed with the help of different ways in the Germanic and Slavonic languages.

In the contextually intonational conditions modality becomes apparent in the variety of

its nuances. The variety of grammatical, grammatically lexical and lexical modal ways

and their combinations gives the opportunity to express very subtly divided modal nuances.