The Byzantine Empire

The Byzantine The Byzantine Empire: The New Empire: The New

RomeRomeWorld History World History

DefinitionsDefinitions

1.1. Rule of lawRule of law Government by law. The rule of law Government by law. The rule of law

implies that government authority implies that government authority may only be exercised in accordance may only be exercised in accordance with written laws, which were with written laws, which were adopted through an established adopted through an established procedure.procedure.

1.1. AutocratAutocrat Ruler who has complete authorityRuler who has complete authority

The Division of the The Division of the Roman EmpireRoman Empire

In 284 AD In 284 AD Diocletian became became Roman emperor. He decided Roman emperor. He decided that the huge Roman empire that the huge Roman empire could only be ruled effectively could only be ruled effectively by splitting it into two parts.by splitting it into two parts.

In your notes, describe the extent of each In your notes, describe the extent of each half of the empire. Click to the next slide half of the empire. Click to the next slide

for a map.for a map.

The Division of the Roman EmpireThe Division of the Roman EmpireFrom From World History: World History: Connections to Today Connections to Today Prentice Prentice Hall, 2003Hall, 2003

ConstantineConstantine In 330 Diocletian’s In 330 Diocletian’s

successor, successor, Constantine, rebuilt , rebuilt the old Greek port of the old Greek port of Byzantium, at the Byzantium, at the entrance to the entrance to the Black Sea. He Black Sea. He renamed it renamed it Constantinople and and made the city the made the city the capital of the capital of the Eastern Roman Eastern Roman Empire.Empire.

Constantinople

From From World History: World History: Connections to Today Connections to Today Prentice Hall, 2003Prentice Hall, 2003

ConstantinopleWhy is this a prime location?

The Fall of the Western The Fall of the Western Roman EmpireRoman Empire

By 395 AD, the Roman Empire was By 395 AD, the Roman Empire was formally divided into two empires: formally divided into two empires: East and West. With the invasion East and West. With the invasion of Germanic forces from the north, of Germanic forces from the north, the Western Roman Empire was the Western Roman Empire was conquered and further divided. conquered and further divided. This left the eastern part of the This left the eastern part of the Roman empire to carry on the Roman empire to carry on the Greco-Roman tradition.Greco-Roman tradition.

The Fall of the Western The Fall of the Western Roman EmpireRoman Empire

From From World History: World History: Connections to Today Connections to Today Prentice Hall, 2003Prentice Hall, 2003

The Byzantine Empire Under The Byzantine Empire Under JustinianJustinian

This map depicts the This map depicts the Empire at the death Empire at the death of Justinian I, who of Justinian I, who had reigned from had reigned from 527 to 565 as sole 527 to 565 as sole Emperor, Emperor, sometimes in sometimes in concert, and concert, and sometimes in sometimes in conflict, with his conflict, with his powerful wife powerful wife Theodora. Theodora.

Byzantine EmpireByzantine Empire At first, this Empire At first, this Empire

controlled only a controlled only a small area around small area around the eastern the eastern Mediterranean, but Mediterranean, but during the reign of during the reign of Justinian (527-565), it (527-565), it started to recover started to recover much of the much of the territory of the old territory of the old Roman empireRoman empire..

The New RomeThe New Rome The The Byzantine Empire

was wealthy and was wealthy and produced: gold, silk, produced: gold, silk, grain, olives and grain, olives and wine. It traded these wine. It traded these for spices, ivory and for spices, ivory and precious stones from precious stones from countries as far away countries as far away as China and India as China and India along the along the Silk RoadSilk Road trade routes.trade routes.

The Silk RoadThe Silk Road

Justinian and TheodoraJustinian and Theodora

Justinian ruled as Justinian ruled as an an autocrat autocrat with the with the help of help of Theodora. . Created a huge Created a huge Christian empireChristian empire

Empire reached its Empire reached its greatest sizegreatest size

Autocrat – ruler who has Autocrat – ruler who has complete authoritycomplete authority

Justinian and TheodoraJustinian and Theodora

Built Built Hagia Sophia

Justinian and TheodoraJustinian and Theodora

Rebuilt the Rebuilt the Hippodrome

Justinian and TheodoraJustinian and Theodora

Created Justinian’s Code – which organized all the – which organized all the laws of ancient Rome.laws of ancient Rome.

Justinian’s Code of LawsJustinian’s Code of Laws Laws were fairer to women. They could own Laws were fairer to women. They could own

property and raise their own children after property and raise their own children after their husbands died.their husbands died.

Children allowed to choose their own Children allowed to choose their own marriage partners.marriage partners.

Slavery was legal and slaves must obey their Slavery was legal and slaves must obey their masters.masters.

Punishments were detailed and fit the crimePunishments were detailed and fit the crime His work inspired the modern concept and, His work inspired the modern concept and,

indeed, the very spelling of "justice".indeed, the very spelling of "justice".

The End of the Byzantine The End of the Byzantine EmpireEmpire

The The Byzantine empire drew to a close in 1453 drew to a close in 1453 when forces from the when forces from the Muslim Ottoman Empire surrounded and surrounded and conquered conquered Constantinople.Constantinople.

The ancient Christian The ancient Christian city was renamed city was renamed Istanbul and became Istanbul and became the capital of the the capital of the Ottoman Empire.Ottoman Empire.

Kievan RusKievan Rus

Begun by invasion of Begun by invasion of Viking tribes – also Viking tribes – also known as Slavs – known as Slavs – from north of the from north of the Baltic.Baltic.

Both trade partner Both trade partner and sometime enemy and sometime enemy of the Byzantine of the Byzantine Empire.Empire.

Kievan Rus

Kievan RusFrom Prentice Hall World History: Connections to Today page 240:

During Roman times, the Slavs expanded into southern Russia. Like the Germanic peoples who pushed into western Europe, the Slavs had a simple political organization divided into clans. They lived in small villages, farmed, and traded along the rivers that ran between the Baltic and the Black seas.

In the 700s and 800s, the Vikings steered their long ships out of Scandinavia. These expert sailors were as much at home on Russian rivers as on the stormy Atlantic. The Vikings, called Varangians by later Russians, worked their way south along the rivers, trading with and collecting tribute from the Slavs. They also conducted a thriving trade with Constantinople.

Located at the heart of this vital trade network was the city of Kiev. In time, it would become the center of the first Russian state.

Rulers of the Kievan Rus Rulers of the Kievan Rus Vladimir I (980)Vladimir I (980)

(980) Vladimir I – – Extremely war like ruler Extremely war like ruler of Kiev. Invited of Kiev. Invited missionaries from missionaries from Judaism, Islam and Judaism, Islam and Christianity to offer Christianity to offer reasons for conversion.reasons for conversion.

Married the Byzantine Married the Byzantine emperor’s sister.emperor’s sister.

Brought Christianity and Brought Christianity and Greco-Roman civilization Greco-Roman civilization to Russia.to Russia.

Rulers of the Kievan RusRulers of the Kievan RusYaroslav I (1010 – 1054)Yaroslav I (1010 – 1054)

(1010 – 1054) Yaroslav I – – Created a Russian law code based Created a Russian law code based on Justinian’s Code.on Justinian’s Code.

Instituted a Golden Age of Instituted a Golden Age of Kievan Russia. Built churches and Kievan Russia. Built churches and a new capital city.a new capital city.

Allied Russia with the restAllied Russia with the rest of Europe by marrying his of Europe by marrying his children to European rulers.children to European rulers.

Rulers of the Kievan RusRulers of the Kievan RusIvan the Great (1462-1505)Ivan the Great (1462-1505)

(1462-1505) Ivan III or or Ivan the Great – Ivan the Great – absolute ruler. Took absolute ruler. Took the title of the title of czarczar

Czar – Absolute ruler Czar – Absolute ruler of Russia: from of Russia: from Roman word – CaesarRoman word – Caesar

Defeated the Mongols, Defeated the Mongols, who had gained who had gained control of Russiacontrol of Russia

Extended Russian Extended Russian territoryterritory

Ivan the TerribleIvan the Terrible

(1530-1584) Ivan the Terrible --Centralized royal powerCentralized royal power

Introduced new laws that tied Introduced new laws that tied Russian serfs to the landRussian serfs to the land

Used agents of terror to Used agents of terror to consolidate his powerconsolidate his power

Had thousands of people Had thousands of people killed because he suspected killed because he suspected a plot.a plot.

Mongol EmpireMongol Empire Genghiz Khan – –

Conquered China in Conquered China in early 1200searly 1200s

Kublai Khan – Extended – Extended Mongol control over Mongol control over most of Asia, Russia most of Asia, Russia and eastern Europe in and eastern Europe in Hungary. Traded Hungary. Traded extensively with the extensively with the West. Entertained West. Entertained Marco Polo.Marco Polo.

Pax Mongolia Pax Mongolia – largest – largest empire in the world.empire in the world.

Click Genghis Khan and his picture for wonderful sites full of music and artifacts from the time period.

Mongol EmpireMongol Empire

From From World History: World History: Connections to Today Connections to Today Prentice Hall, 2003Prentice Hall, 2003

Islam Islam (review/preview)(review/preview)

In the 600s, a new religion began in In the 600s, a new religion began in Arabia, Arabia, IslamIslam – meaning “submission – meaning “submission the will of Allah.” Within 100 years the will of Allah.” Within 100 years more than half the total population of more than half the total population of Europe and Asia was Muslim. After the Europe and Asia was Muslim. After the death of death of MuhammadMuhammad, the founder of , the founder of Islam in 632, Muslim armies and Islam in 632, Muslim armies and merchants spread the Islamic religion merchants spread the Islamic religion eastward to India and westward across eastward to India and westward across northern Africa into Spain.northern Africa into Spain.

IslamIslam

Contributions of the Muslim Contributions of the Muslim WorldWorld

Because of the arid nature of much of the Muslim world, Arab engineers were skilled in methods of raising water from the ground and piping it into their homes.

Contributions of the Muslim Contributions of the Muslim WorldWorld

Arab medicine and pharmacology were very advanced. Ibn Sina (Avicinna) wrote the definitive medical encyclopedia of the time.

Contributions of the Muslim WorldContributions of the Muslim World

In 1154, Arab scientist Al Idrisi drew this early map of the world, showing the basic outlines of Asia, northern Africa and Europe. Can you locate the Nile River?

Muslim contributions to art and science were numerous.

Muslim Leaders and EmpiresMuslim Leaders and Empires Al-Mansur (762) – Leader of the Islamic world.

Built a new capital city at Baghdad in what is now Iraq. He made it a center of learning and culture.

Muhammad II (1453) – Captured the Christian city of Constantinople for the Ottoman Empire and Islam.

Suleiman (1520-1566) – Sultan of the Ottoman Empire in its Golden Age.

The Ottoman Empire was the largest, most powerful empire in both Europe and the Middle East for centuries.

Safavid Empire (1453-1629) – Called Iran (Persia) today.

From From World History: World History: Connections to Today Connections to Today Prentice Hall, 2003Prentice Hall, 2003