The Butterfly Garden of Philadelphia University Jessica Hagedorn Jessica Hagedorn April 12, 2004 Philadelphia University School Lane House and Henry Avenue.

The Butterfly Garden of The Butterfly Garden of Philadelphia UniversityPhiladelphia University

Jessica HagedornJessica HagedornApril 12, 2004April 12, 2004

Philadelphia UniversityPhiladelphia UniversitySchool Lane House and Henry Avenue School Lane House and Henry Avenue

Philadelphia, PA, 19144-5494Philadelphia, PA, 19144-5494Professor Brad ThompsonProfessor Brad Thompson

Environmental Science Tues/Thurs 9:35-10:50 a.m.Environmental Science Tues/Thurs 9:35-10:50 a.m.

Philadelphia UniversityPhiladelphia University Philadelphia University is a Philadelphia University is a

small college located right small college located right outside of Center City outside of Center City Philadelphia in East Falls. Philadelphia in East Falls.

It began as an institution in It began as an institution in 1884 directed to teaching 1884 directed to teaching textiles (textiles (“Behind Every Great..”).“Behind Every Great..”).

It has a beautiful park- like It has a beautiful park- like setting that separates the setting that separates the students from the city and students from the city and creates a friendly atmosphere.creates a friendly atmosphere.

To maintain this park setting, To maintain this park setting, people of Philadelphia people of Philadelphia University make sure that the University make sure that the grounds of the school are clean grounds of the school are clean so that it can be enjoyed by so that it can be enjoyed by everyone.everyone.

Philadelphia University (Source: adapted from “A Birdseye View”)

The Butterfly GardenThe Butterfly Garden

At Philadelphia University, At Philadelphia University, nestled in a small area, is a nestled in a small area, is a garden made for butterflies garden made for butterflies that was started some years that was started some years ago by students.ago by students.

Every year, students Every year, students participate in continuing the participate in continuing the maintenance of this garden. maintenance of this garden. They do this by removing any They do this by removing any dead material, excavating the dead material, excavating the land, and planting new life land, and planting new life that will attract butterflies.that will attract butterflies.

By doing this, the garden will By doing this, the garden will become a home for not only become a home for not only the butterflies and their eggs, the butterflies and their eggs, but other small species of but other small species of plants and animals.plants and animals.

Philadelphia University (Source: Adapted from “campus map”)

““Doing Environmental Science”Doing Environmental Science”

This year, our environmental This year, our environmental science class gathered at the science class gathered at the butterfly garden to continue butterfly garden to continue the tradition of helping the tradition of helping sustain the garden, and sustain the garden, and hopefully help it grow.hopefully help it grow.

Everyone in our class Everyone in our class somehow contributed in the somehow contributed in the process whether it was process whether it was raking, weeding, gathering raking, weeding, gathering leaves, or planting.leaves, or planting.

What was once a garden filled What was once a garden filled with leaves and other dead with leaves and other dead plants became a garden with plants became a garden with great potential due to new great potential due to new plants and fresh topsoil.plants and fresh topsoil.

Our MissionOur Mission First, the class helped plant many seeds of new First, the class helped plant many seeds of new

species into pots that will be put into the species into pots that will be put into the garden later on once they grow enough to be garden later on once they grow enough to be planted.planted.

Second, the class raked up leaves and pulled Second, the class raked up leaves and pulled out aggressive (invasive) plants such as out aggressive (invasive) plants such as Butterfly Bush (Butterfly Bush (Buddleia DavidiiBuddleia Davidii) and Garlic ) and Garlic Mustard (Mustard (Alliaria PetiolataAlliaria Petiolata) that were ) that were dominating the garden. By doing this, it allows dominating the garden. By doing this, it allows for our new plants to grow under better for our new plants to grow under better conditions and it lends to more diversity in the conditions and it lends to more diversity in the garden.garden.

Lastly, the class planted known species that Lastly, the class planted known species that will attract butterflies to the garden. We will attract butterflies to the garden. We layered topsoil in the garden for the finishing layered topsoil in the garden for the finishing touch that will absorb water into the ground.touch that will absorb water into the ground.

(“Butterfly Gardening”)

My ContributionMy Contribution1. Planted White Boneset (1. Planted White Boneset (Eupatorium Eupatorium

AlbumAlbum), into a pot with proper ), into a pot with proper amount of soil and sand sprinkled amount of soil and sand sprinkled along the top. This along with the along the top. This along with the other 22 species planted help create other 22 species planted help create a diverse garden for the butterflies’ a diverse garden for the butterflies’ interests (Boyd).interests (Boyd).

2. Bagged loads of leaves into garbage 2. Bagged loads of leaves into garbage bags. By doing this, it allows for a bags. By doing this, it allows for a clean slate to plant flowers.clean slate to plant flowers.

3. Planted violets and other species in the 3. Planted violets and other species in the garden that will attract the butterflies.garden that will attract the butterflies.

4. Helped lay out a layer of fresh topsoil 4. Helped lay out a layer of fresh topsoil that will also act as a mulch and that will also act as a mulch and absorb precipitation into the soil so absorb precipitation into the soil so that transpiration can occur.that transpiration can occur.

(Boyd, 48)

PicturesPictures of Our Hard Workof Our Hard Work

Janine and Nicole bagging leaves Laury posing while working

Janine playing with the dirt The boys cutting back pesky plants

Butterfly Garden related to Butterfly Garden related to ScienceScience

- What we worked on in the butterfly garden is extremely - What we worked on in the butterfly garden is extremely relevant to topics discussed in the classroom. A major issue relevant to topics discussed in the classroom. A major issue that can ultimately create or destroy biodiversity is invasive that can ultimately create or destroy biodiversity is invasive species.species.

WHAT MAKES AN INVASIVE SPECIES?WHAT MAKES AN INVASIVE SPECIES?

-- An invasive species can produce many seeds at once that An invasive species can produce many seeds at once that can easily disperse into the surrounding grounds, can easily disperse into the surrounding grounds, multiplying quickly.multiplying quickly.

- They have long flowering and growth periods in a season.- They have long flowering and growth periods in a season.

- They can withstand many temperature changes in the - They can withstand many temperature changes in the environment.environment.

- Finally, they can be an invasive species if they were - Finally, they can be an invasive species if they were originally introduced in large numbers.originally introduced in large numbers.

(Marinelli/Randall, 11 )(David, 10)

English Ivy (Hedera Helix)- This invasive plant came from Europe and Asia somewhere during the colonial times. It spreads in very dense clusters at fast rates. By doing this, it stunts the growth of other plants around it and prevents the plants from being able to come back. The best way to keep this plant from taking over an area is to directly pull the roots from the soil or at least prune them to a short length (Marinelli/Randall,93).

Garlic Mustard (Alliaria Petiolata)- It originated from Europe. This aggressive species also spreads very quickly. It stays low to the ground so it becomes very difficult for other plants to even grow at all. This species has become “a severe threat to native plants and animals in the forest communities” (Eagan, 10).

Butterfly Bush (Buddleia Davidii)- This species is a flowering plant that grows very tall and also very wide (Lerner, F.12). With its spreading qualities, it can easily take over an area. While this plant attracts butterflies to it, this plant can leave other possible species of

plants in risk of not being able to grow to their full extent. (“Butterfly Gardening”)

Invasive Species PicturesInvasive Species PicturesEnglish Ivy:English Ivy:

Garlic Mustard:

Butterfly Bush:

(“English Ivy, Common Ivy…”)

(“Garlic + Mustard= A Problematic Invasive”)

(“Butterfly Bush,…”)

Attracting ButterfliesAttracting ButterfliesThere are many types of plants There are many types of plants

that can attract butterflies that can attract butterflies to them. By putting these to them. By putting these

different species of plants in different species of plants in a garden, it will lure them to a garden, it will lure them to

your garden and create a your garden and create a diverse atmosphere of not diverse atmosphere of not only plants but butterflies only plants but butterflies

too.too.

So what kind of plants should be So what kind of plants should be planted in a butterfly planted in a butterfly

garden?garden?

1.1. Milk Weed or Butterfly WeedMilk Weed or Butterfly Weed

2.2. GoldenrodGoldenrod

3.3. AsterAster

4.4. ConeflowerConeflower

5.5. LilacLilac

Butterfly Weed

Aster

Goldenrod

(“How to make Butterfly Gardens”)

What kind of butterflies?What kind of butterflies?

There are many types of Butterflies that live in the surrounding areas There are many types of Butterflies that live in the surrounding areas of Philadelphia. Here are some that you may see:of Philadelphia. Here are some that you may see:

-Swallowtails-Swallowtails

-Skippers-Skippers

-Whites and Sulphurs-Whites and Sulphurs

-Metalmarks-Metalmarks

-Brush-footed Butterflies-Brush-footed Butterflies Swallowtail

Skipper

Sulphur

(“Butterflies found in Pennsylvania”)

How to Make A Butterfly How to Make A Butterfly Garden A SuccessGarden A Success

1.1. Make sure that you plant Make sure that you plant several varieties of plants several varieties of plants since every species of since every species of butterflies have a specific butterflies have a specific taste for certain types of taste for certain types of nectar.nectar.

2.2. Plant a few types of host Plant a few types of host plants for butterflies to lay plants for butterflies to lay their eggs.their eggs.

3.3. Have areas in the sun and Have areas in the sun and areas in the shade for the areas in the shade for the butterflies either to warm butterflies either to warm themselves or cool down if themselves or cool down if the temperature is too hot.the temperature is too hot.

4.4. Also, butterflies enjoy Also, butterflies enjoy resting near water. It is a resting near water. It is a good idea to provide a small good idea to provide a small pool of water for them to pool of water for them to gather around.gather around.

(“How to make Butterfly Gardens”)

1. “Looking East Toward the City.” map. Philadelphia University. 3 Apr. 2004 <http://www.philau.edu/directions/maplarge.html>

2. “Behind Every Great University There’s A Story.” Philadelphia University. 4 Apr. 2004http://www.philau.edu/about/aboutBriefHistory.html

3. “Campus Map.” map. Philadelphia University. 3 Apr.2004http://www.philau.edu/directions/campusmap.html

4. Adam, David. “On a wing and a prayer: Climate change hits butterfly habitats.” The Guardian. 7 Jun. 2003: Pg.10.

5. Marinelli, Janet, John M. Randall. Invasive Plants: Weeds of the Global Garden. Brooklyn Botanical Garden, 1996.

6. Eagan, Katie. “Invasive Plants in the United States.” Grounds Maintenance Periodical 39 (Jan.2001): 10.7. Lerner, Joel M. “How to Build a Butterfly Garden.” The Washington Post 17 May 2003: F.12.

8. “English Ivy, Common Ivy.” Photograph. Dave’s Garden. 7 Apr. 2004 http://plantsdatabase.com/showpicture/7152/

9. Nice, Glenn, Rich Dirks. “Garlic + Mustard= A Problematic Invasive.” Plant and Pest Diagnostic Laboratory. 7 Apr.2004 http://ppdl.purdue.edu/ppdl/weeklypics/5-12-03.html

10. “Butterfly Bush, Summer Lilac,…” Photograph. Dave’s Garden. 7 Apr.2004 http://www.plantsdatabase.com/showpicture/31603/

11. Bailey, Stephanie. “How to Make Butterfly Gardens.” University of Kentucky Entomology. 31 Mar. 2004 http://www.uky.edu/Agriculture/Entomology/entfacts/misc/ef006.htm

12. “Butterflies Found in Pennsylvania.” Butterfly Haven. 31 Mar. 2004 http://butterflyhaven.com/PennsylvaniaButterflies.htm

13. Boyd, Howard P. Wildflowers of the Pine Barrens of New Jersey. Plexus Publishing, Inc., 2001.