The Building of European Supremacy Society and Politics To World War I.

The Building of The Building of European SupremacyEuropean Supremacy

Society and Politics Society and Politics

To To

World War IWorld War I

ExplainExplain

What were the population and migration What were the population and migration trends in the mid 19th c.?trends in the mid 19th c.?

ExplainExplain

What resulted fromMigration + Industrialization?

Industrialization created two worlds – Industrialization created two worlds – DevelopedDeveloped & & undevelopedundeveloped nations nations

Migration patterns expanded due to Migration patterns expanded due to industrialization & transportation industrialization & transportation developmentsdevelopments From From rural to urbanrural to urban From From Europe to other regionsEurope to other regions of the of the

worldworld

C/C the 1C/C the 1stst & 2 & 2ndnd Industrial Rev’s: Industrial Rev’s:11stst Industrial Revolution Industrial Revolution Textile, steam, iron Textile, steam, iron

basedbased British beganBritish began Rural > urban Rural > urban

migrationmigration Changes in gender Changes in gender

roles & family roles & family structurestructure

Consumerism in GBConsumerism in GB MMiddle Classiddle Class social problemssocial problems

22ndnd Industrial Revolution Industrial Revolution Steel, Oil, Chemical & Steel, Oil, Chemical &

Electricity basedElectricity based >>>>Continental EuropeContinental Europe… …

Belgium, F, GermanyBelgium, F, Germany BessemerBessemer & Solway & Solway

Processes… R&DProcesses… R&D Daimler… Ford … OIL, Daimler… Ford … OIL,

STEEL, GLASS, STEEL, GLASS, RUBBERRUBBER, etc. Autos!!!, etc. Autos!!!

Expanding Expanding consumerismconsumerism

White Collar / Petite White Collar / Petite BourgeoisieBourgeoisie

More social problemsMore social problems

What were the effects of the What were the effects of the Industrial Revolutions?Industrial Revolutions?

Poor Working Conditions & WagesPoor Working Conditions & WagesChild LaborChild LaborChanging Role of WomenChanging Role of WomenCoal MiningCoal MiningUrbanizationUrbanizationEducationEducationClass StructureClass StructureProductionProductionModernization of Cities & Modernization of Cities & BuildingsBuildingsModern InventionsModern Inventions

What were the effects of the What were the effects of the Industrial Revolutions? Talk to a Industrial Revolutions? Talk to a

partner and brainstormpartner and brainstorm

Positives ?Positives ? Negatives ?Negatives ?

What were the responses to the What were the responses to the effects of the Industrial Revolution?effects of the Industrial Revolution?Urban Renewal Urban Renewal RedesignRedesign of Citiesof Cities

Paris – Georges HaussmannParis – Georges Haussmann

Modernizing & RebuildingModernizing & Rebuilding

Shopping & RecreationShopping & Recreation

New structuresNew structures Eiffel, Subway, Sacre CouerEiffel, Subway, Sacre Couer

Suburbs & ShoppingSuburbs & Shopping SanitationSanitation – Sewers & Water– Sewers & Water HousingHousing – Safe, Comfortable, – Safe, Comfortable,

Sanitary & Affordable Sanitary & Affordable

La Belle EpochLa Belle Epoch: : Late 19Late 19thth c. Change c. Change

La Belle EpochLa Belle Epoch: : Late 19Late 19thth c. Change c. Change

La Belle La Belle EpochEpoch: :

Late 19Late 19thth c. c. ChangeChange

What were the responses to the What were the responses to the effects of the Industrial Revolution?effects of the Industrial Revolution?

What were the responses to the What were the responses to the effects of the Industrial Revolution?effects of the Industrial Revolution?

Improved health, housing & sanitationImproved health, housing & sanitation Public Health Act 1875Public Health Act 1875

Pave, Light, Sweep streetsPave, Light, Sweep streetsCity inspectorsCity inspectors

WaterWater Quality… filters Quality… filters HousingHousing redesign redesign SewersSewers

Underground Underground Personal Personal HygieneHygiene

Public Bath HousesPublic Bath Houses FoodFood

Quality, PreservativesQuality, Preservatives SafetySafety

Professional Police Force = Cops & BobbiesProfessional Police Force = Cops & Bobbies

What were the responses to the What were the responses to the effects of the Industrial Revolution?effects of the Industrial Revolution?

What were the responses to the What were the responses to the effects of the Industrial Revolution?effects of the Industrial Revolution?

Reform Act 1832 aka Great RefomReform Act 1832 aka Great Refom Greater equality in voting rightsGreater equality in voting rights No Rotten BoroughsNo Rotten Boroughs More representation for urban areasMore representation for urban areas

Althorp Act 1833Althorp Act 1833 No Child under 9 worksNo Child under 9 works 9 hour day for 9-13 year olds9 hour day for 9-13 year olds 12 hour day for 14-18 year olds12 hour day for 14-18 year olds No night shiftsNo night shifts

Other Laws 1840sOther Laws 1840s No women or girls/boys under 10 in minesNo women or girls/boys under 10 in mines Mandatory education + Safety improvementsMandatory education + Safety improvements

INDUSTRIALISM RAFT:INDUSTRIALISM RAFT:You are a newspaper journalist… after You are a newspaper journalist… after researching the realities & effects of the researching the realities & effects of the Industrial Revolution, write a one-page Industrial Revolution, write a one-page RAFT editorial style that comments on:RAFT editorial style that comments on:

Industrialization, is it worth it? Industrialization, is it worth it?

Include both the positive & negative, Include both the positive & negative, communicate a clear position and communicate a clear position and

justify itjustify it

Industrialization Effects RAFTIndustrialization Effects RAFT A A DatelineDateline & catchy & catchy HeadlineHeadline An An Introduction Introduction ¶ ¶

Your opinionYour opinion of whether the effects on of whether the effects on individuals & society are mostly positive, individuals & society are mostly positive, negative or mixed, make a clear choicenegative or mixed, make a clear choice

A A ¶¶ on the positive effects on the positive effects on people & societyon people & society A A ¶ ¶ on the negative effects on the negative effects on people & societyon people & society A A ¶ ¶ of 2-3 recommendations of 2-3 recommendations on improvementon improvement A A visual visual

Relevant picture, graph, cartoon, etcRelevant picture, graph, cartoon, etc Refer to five (5) different aspects Refer to five (5) different aspects of the Ind. Rev. of the Ind. Rev.

(think SPRITE minus religion) (think SPRITE minus religion)

Industrialism Document Analysis

Set up groups

Receive info matrix

Receive document

Analyze & discuss it (both sides) as a group & list key info on your matrix

Use it as a resource for RAFT assignment

What was life like for Women in late 19What was life like for Women in late 19 thth c. Europe? c. Europe?

Social DisabilitiesSocial Disabilities Property Law + IdentityProperty Law + Identity Family Law + Education LimitsFamily Law + Education Limits

EmploymentEmployment Pink Collar = Low WagesPink Collar = Low Wages Assumptions?Assumptions? Separate Spheres Separate Spheres = Casual Work= Casual Work Oversupply + Poverty = Legalized ProstitutionOversupply + Poverty = Legalized Prostitution

The Middle Class WomanThe Middle Class Woman Cult of DomesticityCult of Domesticity… Religion, Charity, Family Size… Religion, Charity, Family Size

Political FeminismPolitical Feminism Class Division, Nationalism, Mixed Message >> ??Class Division, Nationalism, Mixed Message >> ?? SUFFRAGE! SUFFRAGE! Millicent Fawcett v. Emmeline PankhurstMillicent Fawcett v. Emmeline Pankhurst

How did Jewish people How did Jewish people farefare in 19 in 19thth c. Europ c. Europe?e?

Late 1700s >> Late 1800s ProgressLate 1700s >> Late 1800s Progress Western & Central EuropeWestern & Central Europe

Increasing tolerance & acceptanceIncreasing tolerance & acceptance

Citizenship & Legal Rights = Citizenship & Legal Rights = OpportunityOpportunity

Limitations to ProgressLimitations to Progress Russia & Eastern EuropeRussia & Eastern Europe

Intolerance & Persecution… Intolerance & Persecution… PogromPogrom

EmigrationEmigration late 1800s late 1800s Anti-Semitism in G & F >> Anti-Semitism in G & F >> ZionismZionism

What were the responses to the What were the responses to the effects of the Industrial Revolution?effects of the Industrial Revolution?

Utopian SocialismUtopian Socialism Robert Owen Robert Owen – New Lanark– New Lanark

Improve workers conditionsImprove workers conditions Fed, housed & clothed kidsFed, housed & clothed kids Good wages & conditionsGood wages & conditions

Generate loyaltyGenerate loyalty

WIN – WIN?WIN – WIN? Others followedOthers followed Lost his shirt!Lost his shirt!

What were the responses to the What were the responses to the effects of the Industrial Revolution?effects of the Industrial Revolution?

What were the responses to the What were the responses to the effects of the Industrial Revolution?effects of the Industrial Revolution?

Union Movement GrowsUnion Movement Grows…… Banned in GB until 1824Banned in GB until 1824 Lacked Gov’t supportLacked Gov’t support Trade Union Congress 1868Trade Union Congress 1868

5 big unions collaborate5 big unions collaborate Right to Strike 1870sRight to Strike 1870s New Union MovementNew Union Movement

Includes semi- & unskilledIncludes semi- & unskilled

Unions seek…Unions seek… Better wages, benefits, hours, Better wages, benefits, hours,

conditions…conditions… Collective Bargaining Collective Bargaining

What factors led to the rise of the European What factors led to the rise of the European working class in the late 1800s?working class in the late 1800s?

Unionism Unionism Grows with Grows with legal recognitiolegal recognition and protectionn and protection Shift to include Shift to include both skilled & unskilled laborboth skilled & unskilled labor Provides a means to confront inequityProvides a means to confront inequity

DemocratizationDemocratization Expansion of Expansion of the franchisethe franchise

Universal Male SuffrageUniversal Male Suffrage Liberal political parties form… “Socialist”Liberal political parties form… “Socialist” Reform inevitable due to a political voiceReform inevitable due to a political voice

Analyze the

Cartoon

Other responses to the effects of Other responses to the effects of the Industrial Revolution:the Industrial Revolution:

New Ideas by New Ideas by Marx & EngelsMarx & Engels ““Workers of the world unite! Workers of the world unite!

You have nothing to lose but You have nothing to lose but your chains!”your chains!”

Communist ManifestoCommunist ManifestoBourgeoisie vs. ProletariatBourgeoisie vs. ProletariatViolent revolution by Violent revolution by ProletariatProletariatDictatorship of the Proletariat Dictatorship of the Proletariat End game = stateless, End game = stateless, classless societyclassless societySocialist political parties in Socialist political parties in Europe & around the globeEurope & around the globe

How did socialism develop in Europe?How did socialism develop in Europe?Marxism & the Marxism & the First InternationalFirst International – 1860s – 1860s

11stst International kept info & communicated International kept info & communicated Marxism = Marxism = dominant form of socialist thought in mid 1800sdominant form of socialist thought in mid 1800s

Great Britain = Orderly Reform Great Britain = Orderly Reform Keir HardieKeir Hardie – 1892 – 1 – 1892 – 1stst worker > Parliament worker > Parliament Trade Union Congress >> Trade Union Congress >> Labour PartyLabour Party Fabian SocietyFabian Society = change via existing means = change via existing means Government actionGovernment action

France = France = Socialist Socialist Factions, Factions, Anarchist Roots Anarchist Roots Jean Jaures = cooperation with bourgeoisie to reformJean Jaures = cooperation with bourgeoisie to reform Jules Guesde = overthrow of Jules Guesde = overthrow of Georges Sorel = Achieve goals via action = STRIKEGeorges Sorel = Achieve goals via action = STRIKE

Germany = Social Welfare Germany = Social Welfare DevelopmentDevelopment SPDSPD survives Bismarck >> social welfare laws survives Bismarck >> social welfare laws Erfurt Program Erfurt Program >> Kautsky = improve workers’ lives>> Kautsky = improve workers’ lives RevisionismRevisionism >> Bernstein = social reform not revolution >> Bernstein = social reform not revolution

Russian Socialism: Politics & EconomicsRussian Socialism: Politics & Economics

Sergei Witte = IndustrializationSergei Witte = Industrialization Gov’t Planning + French $ = Growth Gov’t Planning + French $ = Growth Trans-Siberian RRTrans-Siberian RR, Coal, Iron, Textile…, Coal, Iron, Textile…Russian ProblemsRussian Problems Agricultural inequity… high taxes, low Agricultural inequity… high taxes, low prices, prices,

kulakskulaks $$ $$ Proletarian Issues.. No unions, poor Proletarian Issues.. No unions, poor

conditionsconditions Divided Socialism… Divided Socialism…

Social Revolutionary Party = no industrySocial Revolutionary Party = no industryConstitutional Democratic Party = Constitutional Democratic Party = constitutional monarchyconstitutional monarchy

Russian Socialism: Politics & Russian Socialism: Politics & EconomicsEconomics

LeninismLeninism Revolution, not reformRevolution, not reform **Elite directs the revolution**Elite directs the revolution BolsheviksBolsheviks dominates Mensheviks dominates MensheviksRusso – Japanese War Russo – Japanese War R loses war, people lose confidenceR loses war, people lose confidence Bloody Sunday Bloody Sunday in St. Petersburgin St. Petersburg Protestors murdered = No trust in gov’tProtestors murdered = No trust in gov’t

1905 Revolution1905 Revolution Strikes > Strikes > SovietsSoviets created > Nicholas II v. created > Nicholas II v.

Duma – reactions?Duma – reactions?