The Building Code and the Regulatory Environment · FireFire-Fire---Risk Management--Risk Management Objective • Develop technologies to enhance fire protection in buildings, save

National Research National Research Council CanadaCouncil Canada

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The Building Code The Building Code The Building Code The Building Code and theand theand theand theRegulatory Regulatory Regulatory Regulatory

The Building Code The Building Code The Building Code The Building Code and theand theand theand theRegulatory Regulatory Regulatory Regulatory

CanadaCanada

Regulatory Regulatory Regulatory Regulatory EnvironmentEnvironmentEnvironmentEnvironmentRegulatory Regulatory Regulatory Regulatory EnvironmentEnvironmentEnvironmentEnvironment

by

Cathleen R. Taraschuk, M. Eng., P. Eng.

Technical Advisor, Structural Design

by

Cathleen R. Taraschuk, M. Eng., P. Eng.

Technical Advisor, Structural Design


National Model CodesNational Model CodesNational Model CodesNational Model CodesNational Model CodesNational Model CodesNational Model CodesNational Model Codes

� National Building Code

� National Fire Code

� National Plumbing Code

� National Farm Building Code

� National Building Code

� National Fire Code

� National Plumbing Code

� National Farm Building Code

CCBFCCCBFCCCBFCCCBFCCCBFCCCBFCCCBFCCCBFC

� National Farm Building Code� National Farm Building Code


National Model Codes National Model Codes National Model Codes National Model Codes OrganizationOrganizationOrganizationOrganizationNational Model Codes National Model Codes National Model Codes National Model Codes OrganizationOrganizationOrganizationOrganization

� CCBFC

• National Building Code

• National Fire Code

• National Farm Building Code

• National Plumbing Code

� CCBFC

• National Building Code

• National Fire Code

• National Farm Building Code

• National Plumbing Code


� Standing Committees

• Matrix Composition

• Regulatory

• Industry

• General Interest

• Regular Meetings

• Consensus Based

• Specialty Task Groups

� Standing Committees

• Matrix Composition

• Regulatory

• Industry

• General Interest

• Regular Meetings

• Consensus Based

• Specialty Task Groups


National Model Codes National Model Codes National Model Codes National Model Codes and the Change and the Change and the Change and the Change ProcessProcessProcessProcess


� Change is ongoing

• Typically 5 year cycle

� From Various Sources

� Change is ongoing

• Typically 5 year cycle

� From Various Sources


• Public

• Government

• Academia

• Standing Committees

• Recent Performance

• …

• Public

• Government

• Academia

• Standing Committees

• Recent Performance

• …




� Proposed Change Form

• info re

• problem

• proposed change

� Proposed Change Form

• info re

• problem

• proposed change


• rationale

• cost implications

• enforcement implications

� To Standing Committees as

• normal change

• special change

� For NBC, NPC, NFBC �� Not

Retroactive

• rationale

• cost implications

• enforcement implications

� To Standing Committees as

• normal change

• special change

� For NBC, NPC, NFBC �� Not

Retroactive




� Normal Change

• Standing Committee Approves

• Public Review

� Normal Change


• Public Review


• Public Review

• To PTCBS

• To CCBFC

• Implementation at Next

Code Cycle

• Public Review

• To PTCBS

• To CCBFC

• Implementation at Next

Code Cycle




� Special Change


• To PTCBS

� Special Change


• To PTCBS


• To PTCBS

• To CCBFC

• Immediate Implementation

as Revision

• Public Review

• To PTCBS

• To CCBFC

• Immediate Implementation

as Revision

• Public Review


National Building National Building National Building National Building Code Code Code Code ---- Next EditionNext EditionNext EditionNext EditionNational Building National Building National Building National Building Code Code Code Code ---- Next EditionNext EditionNext EditionNext Edition

� Objective-Based Code 2003

• Performance Requirements

• Prescriptive Requirements

� Will Promote Innovation

� Objective-Based Code 2003

• Performance Requirements

• Prescriptive Requirements




� Two Parts

• Division A - Objectives and

Requirements

• Alternatives to Division B -

Acceptable Solutions

(i.e. current Code)


� Two Parts

• Division A - Objectives and

Requirements

• Alternatives to Division B -

Acceptable Solutions

(i.e. current Code)


Building Codes and Building Codes and Building Codes and Building Codes and the Regulatory the Regulatory the Regulatory the Regulatory FrameworkFrameworkFrameworkFramework


� Construction �� Regulated

� Legal Authority �� Provinces

� Construction �� Regulated

� Legal Authority �� Provinces


• Adopt or Adapt• Adopt or Adapt




� Adopt

• Nova Scotia - minor changes

• New Brunswick - minor

changes

� Adopt

• Nova Scotia - minor changes

• New Brunswick - minor

changes


changes

• Manitoba - minor changes

• Saskatchewan

• Yukon

• NWT

• Nunavut

changes

• Manitoba - minor changes

• Saskatchewan

• Yukon

• NWT

• Nunavut




� Adapt

• Ontario

• British Columbia

• Alberta

� Adapt

• Ontario

• British Columbia

• Alberta


• Alberta

� In Use by Major Cities

• Newfoundland

• PEI

� Not Yet

• Quebec

� Special

• Vancouver

• Montreal - Adopt

• Alberta

� In Use by Major Cities

• Newfoundland

• PEI

� Not Yet

• Quebec

� Special

• Vancouver

• Montreal - Adopt




� Enforcement �� Municipalities

• Authority Having Jurisdiction

• Building Officials

� Enforcement �� Municipalities

• Authority Having Jurisdiction




• Plans Examiners

• Inspectors


• Plans Examiners

• Inspectors



Building Codes and Building Codes and Building Codes and Building Codes and the Regulatory the Regulatory the Regulatory the Regulatory FrameworkFrameworkFrameworkFrameworkThree Levels of Government

� Federal

• National Model Codes

� Provincial

Three Levels of Government

� Federal

• National Model Codes

� Provincial


� Provincial

• Legal Authority

� Municipal

• Enforcement �� Plan Review

and Inspection

• Expertise

• Downsized

• Liability

• Inconsistent

� Provincial

• Legal Authority

� Municipal

• Enforcement �� Plan Review

and Inspection

• Expertise

• Downsized

• Liability

• Inconsistent


Environmental Loads Environmental Loads Environmental Loads Environmental Loads and Building Codesand Building Codesand Building Codesand Building CodesEnvironmental Loads Environmental Loads Environmental Loads Environmental Loads and Building Codesand Building Codesand Building Codesand Building Codes

� Probability Based

Initial Cost vs Acceptable

� Probability Based

Initial Cost vs Acceptable


� Initial Cost vs Acceptable

Probability of Exceedance

� Initial Cost vs Acceptable

Probability of Exceedance



�Primary Focus on Life Safety

�Snow

• 1/30 year return on ground snow

load

�Primary Focus on Life Safety

�Snow

• 1/30 year return on ground snow

load


load

• 20% uncertainty in ground snow

• Factors applied

• Environment Canada

load

• 20% uncertainty in ground snow

• Factors applied




�Wind

• 1/30 year return �� main elements

• 1/10 year return �� secondary

elements

�Wind

• 1/30 year return �� main elements

• 1/10 year return �� secondary

elements


• 1/100 year return �� post-disaster

• Factors applied


�Tornadoes

• Probability < 10-5

• 1/100 year return �� post-disaster

• Factors applied


�Tornadoes

• Probability < 10-5



� Earthquake

• 10% in 50 years (about 1/500)

• I of 1.0 for regular buildings

Structural and non-structural

� Earthquake

• 10% in 50 years (about 1/500)

• I of 1.0 for regular buildings

Structural and non-structural


• Structural and non-structural

components

• Geological Survey of Canada

• Structural and non-structural

components

• Geological Survey of Canada


Buildings Requiring Buildings Requiring Buildings Requiring Buildings Requiring Enhanced LoadsEnhanced LoadsEnhanced LoadsEnhanced LoadsBuildings Requiring Buildings Requiring Buildings Requiring Buildings Requiring Enhanced LoadsEnhanced LoadsEnhanced LoadsEnhanced Loads

� Post-Disaster Buildings

• Provides services in a disaster

• Hospitals, fire stations, police

stations, radio stations,

telephone exchanges, power

� Post-Disaster Buildings

• Provides services in a disaster

• Hospitals, fire stations, police

stations, radio stations,




stations, electrical

substations, pumping stations,

fuel depots

� Earthquake

• Post-disaster �� factor of 1.5

plus drift limits

• Schools �� factor of 1.3


stations, electrical

substations, pumping stations,

fuel depots

� Earthquake

• Post-disaster �� factor of 1.5

plus drift limits

• Schools �� factor of 1.3


Buildings Requiring Buildings Requiring Buildings Requiring Buildings Requiring Enhanced LoadsEnhanced LoadsEnhanced LoadsEnhanced LoadsBuildings Requiring Buildings Requiring Buildings Requiring Buildings Requiring Enhanced LoadsEnhanced LoadsEnhanced LoadsEnhanced Loads

�Wind (main structural elements)

• 1/30 year for all except,

• 1/100 year for post-disaster

�Snow

�Wind (main structural elements)

• 1/30 year for all except,

• 1/100 year for post-disaster

�Snow


�Snow

• No special considerations

� Ice

• Not specifically regulated in NBC

�Snow

• No special considerations

� Ice

• Not specifically regulated in NBC


Part 9 ResidencesPart 9 ResidencesPart 9 ResidencesPart 9 ResidencesPart 9 ResidencesPart 9 ResidencesPart 9 ResidencesPart 9 Residences

� Previous for Part 3, 4, 5, 6

Buildings

� Part 9 �� Prescriptive

� Masonry Reinforcement and

Seismic Zone

� Previous for Part 3, 4, 5, 6

Buildings

� Part 9 �� Prescriptive

� Masonry Reinforcement and

Seismic Zone


Seismic Zone

� Anchorage of Water Heaters

and Seismic Zone

� Snow Loads

� Tornadoes �� Roof

Anchorage

�� Foundation

Anchorage

Seismic Zone

� Anchorage of Water Heaters

and Seismic Zone

� Snow Loads

� Tornadoes �� Roof

Anchorage

�� Foundation

Anchorage


Next Cycle Next Cycle Next Cycle Next Cycle Environmental LoadsEnvironmental LoadsEnvironmental LoadsEnvironmental LoadsNext Cycle Next Cycle Next Cycle Next Cycle Environmental LoadsEnvironmental LoadsEnvironmental LoadsEnvironmental Loads

� Harmonization of Approach

• I vs return periods

� Address Post-Disaster for

Earthquake, Snow, Wind

� Harmonization of Approach

• I vs return periods

� Address Post-Disaster for




� Address Schools for

Earthquake, Snow, Wind ��

direct result of ice storm


� Address Schools for

Earthquake, Snow, Wind ��

direct result of ice storm


Sources of Building Sources of Building Sources of Building Sources of Building Related ProblemsRelated ProblemsRelated ProblemsRelated ProblemsSources of Building Sources of Building Sources of Building Sources of Building Related ProblemsRelated ProblemsRelated ProblemsRelated Problems

� Design Stage

• Codes/Standards

• Design

� Fabrication Stage

� Design Stage

• Codes/Standards

• Design




� Construction Stage

� Changing Conditions

� Maintenance

� . . .


� Construction Stage

� Changing Conditions

� Maintenance

� . . .


IRC: Canada’s IRC: Canada’s IRC: Canada’s IRC: Canada’s Construction Construction Construction Construction Technology CentreTechnology CentreTechnology CentreTechnology Centre

IRC: Canada’s IRC: Canada’s IRC: Canada’s IRC: Canada’s Construction Construction Construction Construction Technology CentreTechnology CentreTechnology CentreTechnology Centre

� Mission

• Develops core competencies,

knowledge base critical to

construction needs

� Mission

• Develops core competencies,

knowledge base critical to

construction needs


• Supports development,

commercialization,

implementation of leading

technologies

• Fosters safe, sustainable built

environment through

development of codes and

standards

• Supports development,

commercialization,

implementation of leading

technologies

• Fosters safe, sustainable built

environment through

development of codes and

standards


IRC Program AreasIRC Program AreasIRC Program AreasIRC Program AreasIRC Program AreasIRC Program AreasIRC Program AreasIRC Program Areas

� Building Envelope and Structure

� Indoor Environment

� Fire-Risk Management

� Building Envelope and Structure

� Indoor Environment

� Fire-Risk Management


� Urban Infrastructure

Rehabilitation

� Codes and Evaluations

� Urban Infrastructure

Rehabilitation

� Codes and Evaluations


Building EnvelopeBuilding EnvelopeBuilding EnvelopeBuilding Envelopeand Structureand Structureand Structureand StructureBuilding EnvelopeBuilding EnvelopeBuilding EnvelopeBuilding Envelopeand Structureand Structureand Structureand Structure

� Objective

• Develop technologies for the

design, construction and

operation of durable, energy-

efficient and cost-effective

building envelope systems

� Objective

• Develop technologies for the

design, construction and

operation of durable, energy-

efficient and cost-effective




and structures.

� Sub-Programs

• Wall and Window Systems

• Roofing Systems

• Thermal and Moisture

Performance of Systems

• Durability and Repair of

Concrete Structures


and structures.

� Sub-Programs

• Wall and Window Systems

• Roofing Systems

• Thermal and Moisture

Performance of Systems

• Durability and Repair of

Concrete Structures


Indoor EnvironmentIndoor EnvironmentIndoor EnvironmentIndoor EnvironmentIndoor EnvironmentIndoor EnvironmentIndoor EnvironmentIndoor Environment

� Objective

• Develop cost-effective

technologies for the design

and operation of indoor

environments that maximize

the comfort, productivity,

� Objective

• Develop cost-effective

technologies for the design

and operation of indoor

environments that maximize




health and safety of building

occupants.

� Sub-Programs

• Lighting and Human Factors

• Ventilation and Indoor Air

Quality

• Acoustics


health and safety of building

occupants.

� Sub-Programs

• Lighting and Human Factors

• Ventilation and Indoor Air

Quality

• Acoustics


FireFireFireFire----Risk ManagementRisk ManagementRisk ManagementRisk ManagementFireFireFireFire----Risk ManagementRisk ManagementRisk ManagementRisk Management

� Objective

• Develop technologies to

enhance fire protection in

buildings, save lives, and

reduce the risks and cost of

� Objective


enhance fire protection in

buildings, save lives, and




fire.

� Sub-Programs

• Active Fire Protection

• Fire-Resistant Construction

• Residential and Commercial

Buildings

• Industrial Buildings


fire.

� Sub-Programs

• Active Fire Protection

• Fire-Resistant Construction

• Residential and Commercial

Buildings

• Industrial Buildings


Urban Infrastructure Urban Infrastructure Urban Infrastructure Urban Infrastructure RehabilitationRehabilitationRehabilitationRehabilitationUrban Infrastructure Urban Infrastructure Urban Infrastructure Urban Infrastructure RehabilitationRehabilitationRehabilitationRehabilitation

� Objective


enhance the performance and

durability of road systems and

buried services and to

� Objective


enhance the performance and

durability of road systems and




enhance the management of

these assets.

� Sub-Programs

• Urban Roads

• Buried Utilities

• Concrete Structures


enhance the management of

these assets.

� Sub-Programs

• Urban Roads

• Buried Utilities

• Concrete Structures


Code DevelopmentCode DevelopmentCode DevelopmentCode DevelopmentCode DevelopmentCode DevelopmentCode DevelopmentCode Development

� Objective

• To develop Canada's national

construction codes to assure

uniformity and efficiency in

construction, and to address

public health and safety.

� Objective

• To develop Canada's national

construction codes to assure

uniformity and efficiency in

construction, and to address




• Further the adoption of

national codes

• Lead the construction industry

toward a system of objective-

based codes

• Publish practice guides

facilitating the interpretation

and application of the codes


• Further the adoption of

national codes

• Lead the construction industry

toward a system of objective-

based codes

• Publish practice guides

facilitating the interpretation

and application of the codes


Evaluation of Evaluation of Evaluation of Evaluation of Construction ProductsConstruction ProductsConstruction ProductsConstruction ProductsEvaluation of Evaluation of Evaluation of Evaluation of Construction ProductsConstruction ProductsConstruction ProductsConstruction Products

� Objective

• To provide a national

evaluation service that

facilitates market acceptance

of innovative products and

� Objective

• To provide a national

evaluation service that

facilitates market acceptance




systems nationally and

internationally.


systems nationally and

internationally.

The Building Code and the Regulatory Environment · FireFire-Fire---Risk Management--Risk Management Objective • Develop technologies to enhance fire protection in buildings, save

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