The Bubonic Plague & The Hundred Years’ War
Dec 16, 2015
The Bubonic Plague
&
The Hundred Years’ War
The Hundred Years’ War
● England & France● on & off from 1337-1453● Last Capetian king of
France dies w/out heir.● Edward III of England
claims throne of France as he was grandson of Philip IV.
● French win & drive English out of France
Important Battles in the Hundred Years’ War
● The Battle of Crecy● August 26, 1346● Knights fought alongside
common archers & foot-soldiers
● Cannons – technology borrowed from China – destroy castle walls
● English outnumbered 3 to 1
● English longbow men win battle w/ability to attack French at long distances
Important Battles in the Hundred Years’ War
● Battle of Poitiers (Sept. 9, 1356)
● French knights (advantage) charge English troops
● English longbow men again save day
● French king John & son Philip captured & held for ransom.
Important Battles in the Hundred Years’ War
● Battle of Agincourt● 1415● English
outnumbered● English led by King
Henry V● Longbow men
again save day - ending age of Chivalrous knights
● Treaty gives Henry French throne
Shakespeare’s Henry V
France’s Savior
● Joan of Arc● 1429, French peasant girl● Moved by God to save
France from England ● Her victories restores
throne to rightful heir - Charles VII - rather than Henry V of England
● Joan asks Charles to let her lead army into battle at English fort near Orleans.
Joan of Arc
● Battle of Orleans (1430)
● Siege lasts 6 mos.● Joan victorious● Joan goes w/ Charles VII to
his crowning
Late 1430…● Joan captured by English
allies● Turned over to Church
authorities – condemned as witch & heretic.
● Burned at stake - May 30, 1431
Impact of the Hundred Years’ War1.Power & prestige for French Monarch
2.Nationalism
3.English suffered internal turmoil - War of the Roses
4.English Parliament gained “Power of the Purse”
5.End of 100 Years’ War = End of Middle Ages
(1:50)
Essential Knowledge
205. What 2 countries fought in the Hundred Years’ War?
206. What did both countries experience as a result of the War?
207. Who replaced the knights as the significant warriors in the Hundred Years’ War?
208. What woman is credited with turning the war in France’s favor?
War of the Roses
● Civil war in England● 1455-1487● 2 noble families
fight for control of throne: House of Lancaster & House of York
● War named for both families’ badges = contained roses.
House of Lancaster
House of York
War of the Roses
● Origins● Both descendants of
King Edward III● Current Lancastrian king
- Henry VI – ● surrounded by unpopular
nobles● Displayed moments of
mental illness
● Civil unrest rampant among population
● Powerful lords had own armies
War of the Roses
● Back & forth battles end w/ destruction of York factions.
● Both houses lose control of throne
● Henry VII (Tudor) crowned king after defeating last York army
The Bubonic Plague
● aka – The Black Death● Occurred in 1300’s● Kills over 1/3 of Europe’s population
Origins & Symptoms● Likely began in Asia● Spread - trade routes● 1st in Italy - cargo ship
arrives carrying diseased passengers
● Purplish/black spots found on skin
● People looked for others to blame
● persecuted Jews for bringing disease
● Only ¼ of those who caught disease would recover
Effects of the Plague
DECLINED:
1.Population
2.Trade
3.Manorial System
4.Church Prestige
5.Personal Responsibility.
Effects of the Plague
6. Demand for Workers- Serfs demand higher wages●Rebellions from serfs●France– 1358●Jacquerie Rebellion●During 100 Years War●England – 1381●Peasants Revolt
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacquerie
Essential Knowledge
209. What English Civil war was fought between the Houses of Lancaster & York?
210. What other name was given to the Bubonic Plague?
211. What fraction of Europe’s population was killed because of the Plague?
212. What 5 elements declined because of the plague?
Black Death (15:16)