The Brain & Nervous System [Class Number Section] [Instructor Name]

The Brain & Nervous System[Class Number Section]

[Instructor Name]

Overview (Pt.1)

• Brain Myths• Complexity• Development• Structure– Name That Nervous System

• Telencephalon

Mythbusters: 8 Myths about the Human Brain

1) Einstein’s brain was different than our brains.

2) We only use 10% of our brain.

3) Listening to Mozart makes you smarter.

4) People are either “right-brained” or “left-brained”.

5) Drinking alcohol always kills brain cells.

6) Brain damage is always permanent.

7) The heart is more important for love than the brain.

8) The human brain is larger than any other animal brain.

Evolution of the Mammalian Brain

Overview (Pt.1)

• Brain Myths• Complexity• Development• Structure– Name That Nervous System

• Telencephalon

Complexity

Overview (Pt.1)

• Brain Myths• Complexity• Development• Structure– Name That Nervous System

• Telencephalon

Development

Development

Important Terms1. Neural crest2. Neuroblasts3. Neuroepithelium4. Neural induction5. Ectoderm6. Rostrocaudal7. Forebrain

DefinitionsA. 1 of 3 layers in the embryoB. Contains the cerebral

hemispheres, thalamus, and hypothalamus

C. Lining of neural tubeD. Progenitor cellsE. Neurons outside the neural crestF. Head-to-tail directionG. Process that forms neural tube

Matching Exercise

Overview (Pt.1)

• Brain Myths• Complexity• Development• Structure– Name That Nervous System

• Telencephalon

Structure of the Nervous System

Human Nervous System

Human Nervous System

Peripheral Nervous System

Peripheral Nervous System

Central Nervous System

Central Nervous System

Structure: Peripheral Nervous System

Name that Nervous System

Parasympathetic

Sympathetic

Sympathetic

Somatic

Overview (Pt.1)

• Brain Myths• Complexity• Development• Structure– Name That Nervous System

• Telencephalon

TelencephalonFrontal Lobe Parietal Lobe

Temporal LobeOccipital Lobe

PART 2: THE BRAIN AND THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

Overview (Pt.2)

• Mindmap Activity• The Hemispheres– Hemispherectomy

• Structure: Central Nervous System• The Limbic System• Brain Stem• Neuroimaging Techniques• Brain Stimulation Techniques

Activity: Showercap Mindmap

1. Label each of the 4 lobes with blue label

2. Label specialized areas with green: corpus callosum, Broca’s Area, Wernicke’s area

3. Label information processing with yellow, include areas for: hearing, heat, pain and temperature, and integration of information

4. Label cortex areas in orange, include: motor, association, somatosensory, auditory, and visual

Overview (Pt.2)

• Mindmap Activity• The Hemispheres– Hemispherectomy

• Structure: Central Nervous System• The Limbic System• Brain Matter Matters• Brain Stem• Neuroimaging Techniques• Brain Stimulation Techniques

The Hemispheres

Right Brain Visual Hemisphere Controls left side of body

Splitting is the Key

Left Brain Language Hemisphere Controls right side of body

Hemispherectomy

What is it?

Living with half a brain

Is this the norm?

Is it effective?

Overview (Pt.2)

• Mindmap Activity• The Hemispheres– Hemispherectomy

• Structure: Central Nervous System• The Limbic System• Brain Matter Matters• Brain Stem• Neuroimaging Techniques• Brain Stimulation Techniques

Structure: Central Nervous System

Central Nervous System

Central Nervous System

TelencephalonTelencephalon

DiencephalonDiencephalon

MesencephalonMesencephalon

MetencephalonMetencephalon

MyelencephalonMyelencephalon

Central Nervous System: Forebrain & Midbrain

Diencephalon Forebrain

Thalamus - Gatekeepero Lateral Geniculate

Nucleus

Hypothalamus - Regulation

Mesencephalon Mid Brain

Reticular Formation + Brainstemo Visual/Auditory Info

Central Nervous System: Hindbrain

Metencephalon Hindbrain

Ponso Sensory/Motor Info

Cerebellumo Little Braino Coordination

Myelencephalon Hindbrain

Medulla Oblongatao Basic Survival

Overview (Pt.2)

• Mindmap Activity• The Hemispheres– Hemispherectomy

• Structure: Central Nervous System• The Limbic System• Brain Matter Matters• Brain Stem• Neuroimaging Techniques• Brain Stimulation Techniques

The Limbic System

Amygdala Arousal and Emotion

Basal Ganglia Movement/Coordination

Cingulate Gyrus Directing attention

Overview (Pt.2)

• Mindmap Activity• The Hemispheres– Hemispherectomy

• Structure: Central Nervous System• The Limbic System• Brain Matter Matters• Brain Stem• Neuroimaging Techniques• Brain Stimulation Techniques

Brain Matter Matters

Early Brain StudyPhrenology

NeuroanatomyPost-mortem dissectionCAT or MRI Scanners

Brain MatterGray matter NeuronsWhite matter Myelin

Overview (Pt.2)

• Mindmap Activity• The Hemispheres– Hemispherectomy

• Structure: Central Nervous System• The Limbic System• Brain Matter Matters• Brain Stem• Neuroimaging Techniques• Brain Stimulation Techniques

Brainstem

Structure Medulla Pons Midbrain Diencephalon

Function Survival Sleep/Wake Cycle Sensory/Motor Function Growth/hormonal

behaviors

Overview (Pt.2)

• Mindmap Activity• The Hemispheres– Hemispherectomy

• Structure: Central Nervous System• The Limbic System• Brain Matter Matters• Brain Stem• Neuroimaging Techniques• Brain Stimulation Techniques

Neuroimaging

Electroencephalography (EEG) Electrical Activity

Neuroimaging

Computerized Axial Tomography (CAT) & Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Structure

Neuroimaging

Positron Emission Topography (PET) Blood Flow

Neuroimaging

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) Blood flow

Neuroimaging

Diffuse Optical Imaging (DOI) Oxygenation & Activity

Overview (Pt.2)

• Mindmap Activity• The Hemispheres– Hemispherectomy

• Structure: Central Nervous System• The Limbic System• Brain Matter Matters• Brain Stem• Neuroimaging Techniques• Brain Stimulation Techniques

Brain Manipulation Techniques

Non-human experimental methods Lesions or Ablations Case Studies

Human experimental methods Transcranial Magnetic

Stimulation (TMS) Transcranial Direct Current

Stimulation (tDCS)

Photo AttributionSlide 12

Photo Credit: Nico Ibieta https://www.flickr.com/photos/64006960@N00/3690647743/ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/

Slide 12Photo Credit: Mike L Photo's https://www.flickr.com/photos/8725162@N07/5871348997/ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/

Slide 12Photo Credit: saminblue https://www.flickr.com/photos/8170285@N07/3321585200/ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/

Slide 12Photo Credit: KatieKrueger https://www.flickr.com/photos/22220144@N06/2351656805/ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/

Slide 19Photo Credit: MTSOfan https://www.flickr.com/photos/8628862@N05/10392724753/ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/

Slide 19Photo Credit: Tormod Ulsberg https://www.flickr.com/photos/29891476@N00/10911218636/ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.0/

Slide 20Photo Credit: EUSKALANATO https://www.flickr.com/photos/euskalanato/1971827663/ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/

Slide 26Photo Credit: wildwise studio https://www.flickr.com/photos/81716653@N00/8813707262/ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.0/

Slide 28Photo Credit: bucaorg (Paul Burnett) https://www.flickr.com/photos/bucaorg/7254702496/ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.0/

Slide 30Photo Credit: OpenStax College http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:1311_Brain_Stem.jpg http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/deed.en

Slide 32Photo Credit: Ian Ruotsala http://www.flickr.com/photos/ian_ruotsala/189736044/ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/

Slide 33 Photo Credit: pennstatenews https://www.flickr.com/photos/53130103@N05/9504982576/ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.0/

Slide 34 Photo Credit: Reigh LeBlanc https://www.flickr.com/photos/12845794@N04/1372175973/ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/

Sldie 35 & 36Photo Credit: jgmarcelino https://www.flickr.com/photos/gkpics/4542550925/ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/

Slide 37Photo Credit: Unknown NIMH author http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:NIMH_MEG.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/public_domain