Chapter 3 Biology One The Biosphere 6/5/2016 I. Ecology A. What is the biosphere? *1. all life on Earth & all parts of Earth in which life exists a. incl: land, water, atmosphere 1) extends 8 km above land to 11 km below ocean surface b. incl: every organism B. What is ecology? Greek: oikos = house; logos = study *1. scientific study of interactions among organisms, & between organisms and their physical environment 2. organisms are interdependent w/ their environments a. respond to & change each other b. creates a dynamic biosphere C. Levels of Organization 1. Organism – individual living thing 2. Species – group of similar organisms that can interbreed & produce fertile offspring 3. Population – group of individuals of the same species living in the same area 4. Community – different populations living together in a defined area 5. Ecosystem – communities plus their physical environments 6. Biome – group of ecosystems sharing similar climates & typical organisms 7. Biosphere – entire planet, w/ all organisms & biomes
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Chapter 3Biology One
The Biosphere
6/5/2016
I. EcologyA. What is the biosphere?
*1. all life on Earth & all parts of Earth in which life exists
a. incl: land, water, atmosphere1) extends 8 km above land to 11 km below ocean surface
b. incl: every organism
B. What is ecology? Greek: oikos = house; logos = study
*1. scientific study of interactions among organisms, & between organisms and their physical environment
2. organisms are interdependent w/ their environmentsa. respond to & change each otherb. creates a dynamic biosphere
C. Levels of Organization1. Organism – individual living thing2. Species – group of similar organisms that can interbreed &
produce fertile offspring3. Population – group of individuals of the same species living in the same area4. Community – different populations living together in a
defined area5. Ecosystem – communities plus their physical
environments6. Biome – group of ecosystems sharing similar climates &
C. Trophic Levels & Ecological Pyramids1. Trophic level = each step of a food chain or food web
a. 1st level = primary producerb. all other levels = various consumers
2. Ecological pyramid = show relative amount of energy or matter contained w/in each trophic levela. 3 types: energy, biomass, numbersb. Energy = show relative amount of energy
available at each trophic level1) on avg., about 10% of available energy is
transferred on to next level
c. Biomass - show relative amount of living organic matter available at each trophic level1) measured in grams of organic matter per unit
aread. Numbers - show relative number of individual