Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on their Destruction BWC IMPLEMENTATION SUPPORT UNIT International Symposium on Biosecurity and Biosafety: future trends and solutions Milan, 25-27 March 2009 The Biological Weapons Convention: Bridging the gap Ngoc Phuong Huynh BWC Implementation Support Unit United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs (Geneva Branch)
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Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on their Destruction
BWCIMPLEMENTATION
SUPPORT UNIT
International Symposium on Biosecurity and Biosafety: future
trends and solutions Milan, 25-27 March 2009
The Biological Weapons Convention: Bridging the gap
Ngoc Phuong HuynhBWC Implementation Support Unit
United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs(Geneva Branch)
Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on their Destruction
BWCIMPLEMENTATION
SUPPORT UNIT
International Symposium on Biosecurity and Biosafety: future
trends and solutions Milan, 25-27 March 2009
BWC Facts and Figures• Full name: Convention on the Prohibition of the
Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on Their Destruction
• BTWC or BWC• Entered into force in 1975• Current membership:
– 163 States Parties– 13 signatories– 19 states neither signed nor ratified
Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on their Destruction
BWCIMPLEMENTATION
SUPPORT UNIT
International Symposium on Biosecurity and Biosafety: future
trends and solutions Milan, 25-27 March 2009
BWC Facts and Figures (2)• No BWC organisation or implementing body• Implementation Support Unit (ISU) is a new
development– established by Sixth Review Conference in 2006– mandate to “help States Parties help themselves”
Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on their Destruction
BWCIMPLEMENTATION
SUPPORT UNIT
International Symposium on Biosecurity and Biosafety: future
trends and solutions Milan, 25-27 March 2009
BWC KEY PROVISIONS (1)Article I Never under any circumstances to acquire, retain or
use biological weapons
Article II To destroy or divert to peaceful purposes biological weapons and associated resources prior to joining
Article III Not to transfer, or in any way assist, encourage or induce anyone else to acquire or retain biological weapons
Article IV To take any national measures necessary to implement the provisions of the BWC domestically
Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on their Destruction
BWCIMPLEMENTATION
SUPPORT UNIT
International Symposium on Biosecurity and Biosafety: future
trends and solutions Milan, 25-27 March 2009
BWC KEY PROVISIONS (2)Article V To consult bilaterally and multilaterally to solve any
problems with the implementation of the BWC
Article VI To request the UN Security Council to investigate alleged breaches of the BWC and to comply with its subsequent decisions
Article VII To assist States which have been exposed to a danger as a result of a violation of the BWC
Article X To do all of the above in a way that encourages the peaceful uses of biological science and technology
Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on their Destruction
BWCIMPLEMENTATION
SUPPORT UNIT
International Symposium on Biosecurity and Biosafety: future
trends and solutions Milan, 25-27 March 2009
WMD PREVENTION – THE TRADITIONAL VISION
NuclearWeapons
Nuclear Non-proliferation
Treaty
InternationalAtomic Energy
Agency
ChemicalWeapons
ChemicalWeapons
Convention
Organization forthe Prohibition of
Chemical Weapons
BiologicalWeapons
BiologicalWeapons
Convention
?
Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on their Destruction
BWCIMPLEMENTATION
SUPPORT UNIT
International Symposium on Biosecurity and Biosafety: future
trends and solutions Milan, 25-27 March 2009
WMD Regime: Traditional Model
Treaty
Organisation
State State State State State
Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on their Destruction
BWCIMPLEMENTATION
SUPPORT UNIT
International Symposium on Biosecurity and Biosafety: future
trends and solutions Milan, 25-27 March 2009
The Spectrum of Biological Risk
Natural disease outbreak
Deliberate use of BW
Unintended consequences Accidents
Vandalism, sabotageNegligence
WHO BWC
“We must look at [the BWC] as part of an interlinked array of tools, designed to deal with an interlinked array of problems” – Kofi Annan, 2006
Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on their Destruction
BWCIMPLEMENTATION
SUPPORT UNIT
International Symposium on Biosecurity and Biosafety: future
trends and solutions Milan, 25-27 March 2009
THE SPECTRUM OF BIOLOGICAL RISK – NATIONAL PERSPECTIVE
Natural disease outbreak
Deliberate use of BW
Unintended consequences Accidents
Vandalism, sabotageNegligence
HealthDefencePolice
Agriculture
Education
Growing need for coordination and cooperation among government agencies
Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on their Destruction
BWCIMPLEMENTATION
SUPPORT UNIT
International Symposium on Biosecurity and Biosafety: future
trends and solutions Milan, 25-27 March 2009
A NEW VISION – THE SPECTRUM OF BIOLOGICAL RISK
Natural Accidental DeliberateBIORISK
Global
IndividualIM
PA
CT
InfluenzaPandemic
RinderpestOutbreak in Free area
My last cold
Accidental AnthraxOutbreakInfecting myself
with a cold
BiologicalWarfare
Bioterrorism
Biocrime
Accidental spreadof Ebola
UNSCR1540
INTERPOL
UN GLOBAL COUNTERTERRORISM STRATEGY
UNICRI CBRNTRAFFICKING
OECD BIOSECURITY
EFFORTS
OIE
WHO
BWC
Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on their Destruction
BWCIMPLEMENTATION
SUPPORT UNIT
International Symposium on Biosecurity and Biosafety: future
trends and solutions Milan, 25-27 March 2009
New approach: the network model?
BWC
State State
WHO
FAO
OIE
SCR 1540
INTERPOL
Professionalassociations Industry Scientific
organisations
Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on their Destruction
BWCIMPLEMENTATION
SUPPORT UNIT
International Symposium on Biosecurity and Biosafety: future
trends and solutions Milan, 25-27 March 2009
New approach: the network model?
BWC
State State
WHO
FAO
OIE
SCR 1540
INTERPOL
Professionalassociations Industry Scientific
organisations
WorkProgram
ISU
Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on their Destruction
BWCIMPLEMENTATION
SUPPORT UNIT
International Symposium on Biosecurity and Biosafety: future
trends and solutions Milan, 25-27 March 2009
Intersessional process 2007-2010
• BWC Sixth Review Conference decision: • four sets of annual meetings prior to the Seventh
Review Conference. • Each set of annual meetings includes:
- one week Meeting of Experts (August)- followed by a one week Meeting of States Parties
(December).
Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on their Destruction
BWCIMPLEMENTATION
SUPPORT UNIT
International Symposium on Biosecurity and Biosafety: future
trends and solutions Milan, 25-27 March 2009
2007 Work Program TopicsTo discuss, and promote common understanding and
effective action on:
• Ways and means to enhance national implementation, including enforcement of national legislation, strengthening of national institutions and coordination among national law enforcement institutions.
• Regional and sub-regional cooperation on implementation of the Convention.
Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on their Destruction
BWCIMPLEMENTATION
SUPPORT UNIT
International Symposium on Biosecurity and Biosafety: future
trends and solutions Milan, 25-27 March 2009
2008 Work Program TopicsTo discuss, and promote common understanding and
effective action on:
• National, regional and international measures to improve biosafety and biosecurity, including laboratory safety and security of pathogens and toxins.
• Oversight, education, awareness raising, and adoption and/or development of codes of conduct with the aim of preventing misuse in the context of advances in bio-science and bio-technology research with the potential of use for purposes prohibited by the Convention.
Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on their Destruction
BWCIMPLEMENTATION
SUPPORT UNIT
International Symposium on Biosecurity and Biosafety: future
trends and solutions Milan, 25-27 March 2009
2009 Work Program TopicsTo discuss, and promote common understanding and
effective action on: Promoting capacity building in the fields of disease
surveillance, detection, diagnosis, and containment of infectious diseases
• For States Parties in need of assistance, identifying requirements and requests for capacity enhancement
• From States Parties in a position to do so, and international organizations, opportunities for providing assistance related to these fields
Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on their Destruction
BWCIMPLEMENTATION
SUPPORT UNIT
International Symposium on Biosecurity and Biosafety: future
trends and solutions Milan, 25-27 March 2009
2010 Work Program TopicsTo discuss, and promote common understanding and
effective action on:• The provision of assistance and coordination
with relevant organizations upon request by any State Party in the case of alleged use of biological or toxin weapons, including improving national capabilities for disease surveillance, detection and diagnosis and public health systems.
Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on their Destruction
BWCIMPLEMENTATION
SUPPORT UNIT
International Symposium on Biosecurity and Biosafety: future
trends and solutions Milan, 25-27 March 2009
Biosafety and biosecurity : ideas and proposals• Basing national efforts on existing guidance and standards• Involve all relevant stakeholders• The importance of other aspects than physical security• The need for building capacity of national public health,
veterinary and agricultural services• Proportional Measures - The degree of involvement should be balanced with the
level of technology- To assess carefully risks- Balance security concerns against the need for nurturing
research and ensuring the peaceful development of biological science and technology
• “no one size fits all”individual and local circumstances must be taken into account
Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on their Destruction
BWCIMPLEMENTATION
SUPPORT UNIT
International Symposium on Biosecurity and Biosafety: future
• Adopted in General Assembly 8 September 2006• No internationally recognised definition of terrorism• To enhance national, regional and international efforts to
counter terrorism• Principles (5 ‘D’s):
– to dissuade disaffected groups from choosing terrorism as a tactic to achieve their goals;
– to deny terrorists the means to carry out their attacks; – to deter States from supporting terrorists; – to develop State capacity to prevent terrorism; and – to defend human rights in the struggle against terrorism.
Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on their Destruction
BWCIMPLEMENTATION
SUPPORT UNIT
International Symposium on Biosecurity and Biosafety: future
trends and solutions Milan, 25-27 March 2009
MECHANISM – BWC WORK PROGRAM
NATIONAL IMPLEMENTATION
REGIONAL ACTIVITIES
RESPONSE TO USE OR THREAT OF USE
BIOSAFETY & BIOSECURITY
OVERSIGHT, EDUCATION & OUTREACH
CAPACITY BUILDING FOR DISEASE
SURVEILLANCE, DETECTION,
DIAGNOSIS, AND CONTAINMENT
2007 2008 2009 2010
DENY
DENY
DENY
DISSUADE
DETERDEVELOP
DEVELOP
DEFEND
DEFEND
Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on their Destruction
BWCIMPLEMENTATION
SUPPORT UNIT
International Symposium on Biosecurity and Biosafety: future
trends and solutions Milan, 25-27 March 2009
Report of the Meeting of States Parties December 2008
BWC/MSP/2008/5
• “States Parties welcomed the important contributions made to their work by the scientific community and academia, including national and international academies of science and professional associations, as well as industry-led initiatives to address recent developments in science and technology, and encouraged greater cooperation between scientific bodies in various States Parties”
Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on their Destruction
BWCIMPLEMENTATION
SUPPORT UNIT
International Symposium on Biosecurity and Biosafety: future
trends and solutions Milan, 25-27 March 2009
MECHANISM – BWC WORK PROGRAM
• The BWC has become THE international forum for gathering view of all stakeholders in biosciences
• It addresses the full range of issues in a systematic manner
• Successful due to :- de-politicised atmosphere - communal spirit- community-building approach- delivering practical results
Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on their Destruction
BWCIMPLEMENTATION
SUPPORT UNIT
International Symposium on Biosecurity and Biosafety: future
trends and solutions Milan, 25-27 March 2009
BWC: on Biosafety and Biosecurity
• Exchange of national (and international) experiences, expertise and knowledge
• Enable States to develop or strengthen national regulatory regimes
• Clearing-house activities on assistance• Develop common understandings and
harmonise national positions• Engage with stakeholders and generate ‘buy-in’• Raise awareness of bioweapon issues
Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on their Destruction
BWCIMPLEMENTATION
SUPPORT UNIT
International Symposium on Biosecurity and Biosafety: future
trends and solutions Milan, 25-27 March 2009
BWC Meetings
• Produce practical outputs – including first multilaterally agreed report on topic
• Set framework for future action – both nationally & internationally
• Brings stakeholder community together to discuss these issues
Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on their Destruction
BWCIMPLEMENTATION
SUPPORT UNIT
International Symposium on Biosecurity and Biosafety: future
trends and solutions Milan, 25-27 March 2009
Scale of networking during MX 2008– Over 500 participants– Almost 200 technical experts– Private & public sectors– International, regional and national officials– Professional biosafety societies from ALL regions
of the world– National academies and scientific organisations
from around the globe
Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on their Destruction
BWCIMPLEMENTATION
SUPPORT UNIT
International Symposium on Biosecurity and Biosafety: future
trends and solutions Milan, 25-27 March 2009
For more information…www.unog.ch/bwc
Or contact:
BWC Implementation Support UnitUnited Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs (Geneva Branch)Room C.115, Palais des NationsGenevatel: +41 (0)22 917 2230fax: +41 (0)22 917 0483e-mail: [email protected]
Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on their Destruction
BWCIMPLEMENTATION
SUPPORT UNIT
International Symposium on Biosecurity and Biosafety: future